Selina Textbook Solutions: Population | Geography Class 8 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Population 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. China has the largest population in the world. 
2. Death rate is number of deaths per year per 1,000 of the population. 
3. Life expectancy is the number of years that a person is likely to live. 
4. Urban areas generally have a higher population density. 
5. A population pyramid is a diagram that shows the age and sex composition of a 
population. 
B. Choose the correct answer  
1. Which continent has the highest population ? 
1. Asia 
2. Europe 
3. North America 
4. South America 
2. Which of these is an adverse effect of over population ? 
1. Environmental degradation 
2. Poverty 
3. Unemployment 
4. All of these. 
3. Which of these is not a positive effect of under population? 
1. Adequate employment 
2. fewer taxpayers 
3. Lesser environmental degradation 
4. Lower levels of poverty 
4. Which of these is a part of the demographic structure of a population ? 
1. Age composition 
2. Sex ratio 
3. Rural and urban populations 
4. All of these 
Page 2


Population 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. China has the largest population in the world. 
2. Death rate is number of deaths per year per 1,000 of the population. 
3. Life expectancy is the number of years that a person is likely to live. 
4. Urban areas generally have a higher population density. 
5. A population pyramid is a diagram that shows the age and sex composition of a 
population. 
B. Choose the correct answer  
1. Which continent has the highest population ? 
1. Asia 
2. Europe 
3. North America 
4. South America 
2. Which of these is an adverse effect of over population ? 
1. Environmental degradation 
2. Poverty 
3. Unemployment 
4. All of these. 
3. Which of these is not a positive effect of under population? 
1. Adequate employment 
2. fewer taxpayers 
3. Lesser environmental degradation 
4. Lower levels of poverty 
4. Which of these is a part of the demographic structure of a population ? 
1. Age composition 
2. Sex ratio 
3. Rural and urban populations 
4. All of these 
5. Which type of population is shown in a bell-shaped population pyramid ? 
1. Expanding population 
2. Declining population 
3. Constant population 
4. None of these 
C. State whether the following are true or false  
1. In 2016 alone, the population of the world increased by more than 80 million. 
Answer. True. 
2. Immigration is a factor that can cause overpopulation. 
Answer. True. 
3. In rural areas, people are typically engaged in secondary activities. 
Answer. False. In rural areas, people are typically engaged in primary activities. 
4. An adverse sex ratio shows the high position given to women in society. 
Answer. False. 
An adverse sex ratio shows the low position given to women in society. 
5. In a population pyramid, the youngest age group is shown at the bottom. 
Answer. True. 
D. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
Define the term ‘population’. 
Answer: 
The term ‘population’ refers to all the people who live in a particular area, city or 
country. 
Question 2. 
Define population density. 
Answer: 
Population density refers to the number of people living in a unit area of space, such as 
a square kilometre. 
Question 3. 
Distinguish between immigration and emigration. 
Answer: 
Page 3


Population 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. China has the largest population in the world. 
2. Death rate is number of deaths per year per 1,000 of the population. 
3. Life expectancy is the number of years that a person is likely to live. 
4. Urban areas generally have a higher population density. 
5. A population pyramid is a diagram that shows the age and sex composition of a 
population. 
B. Choose the correct answer  
1. Which continent has the highest population ? 
1. Asia 
2. Europe 
3. North America 
4. South America 
2. Which of these is an adverse effect of over population ? 
1. Environmental degradation 
2. Poverty 
3. Unemployment 
4. All of these. 
3. Which of these is not a positive effect of under population? 
1. Adequate employment 
2. fewer taxpayers 
3. Lesser environmental degradation 
4. Lower levels of poverty 
4. Which of these is a part of the demographic structure of a population ? 
1. Age composition 
2. Sex ratio 
3. Rural and urban populations 
4. All of these 
5. Which type of population is shown in a bell-shaped population pyramid ? 
1. Expanding population 
2. Declining population 
3. Constant population 
4. None of these 
C. State whether the following are true or false  
1. In 2016 alone, the population of the world increased by more than 80 million. 
Answer. True. 
2. Immigration is a factor that can cause overpopulation. 
Answer. True. 
3. In rural areas, people are typically engaged in secondary activities. 
Answer. False. In rural areas, people are typically engaged in primary activities. 
4. An adverse sex ratio shows the high position given to women in society. 
Answer. False. 
An adverse sex ratio shows the low position given to women in society. 
5. In a population pyramid, the youngest age group is shown at the bottom. 
Answer. True. 
D. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
Define the term ‘population’. 
Answer: 
The term ‘population’ refers to all the people who live in a particular area, city or 
country. 
Question 2. 
Define population density. 
Answer: 
Population density refers to the number of people living in a unit area of space, such as 
a square kilometre. 
Question 3. 
Distinguish between immigration and emigration. 
Answer: 
Immigration is the process of coming to live permanently in another country that is not 
one’s own. 
Emigration is the process of leaving one country to go and live permanently in another 
country. 
Question 4. 
Write any two causes of overpopulation ? 
Answer: 
Causes of overpopulation are : 
1. Immigration – When people come from another country. 
2. Increased birth rate – due to better medical facilities 
3. Decreased death rate – due to better medical facilities. 
4. Better medical facilities 
5. Lack of family planning. 
Question 5. 
Mention any two factors that cause population growth in a developed country. 
Answer: 
In the developed countries of the world, the population increased earlier due to : 
1. Economic growth and prosperity as a result of industrialization. 
2. Improved medical techniques and health care facilities. 
3. Immigration because of better job opportunities and better living conditions. 
Question 6. 
Mention any two factors that cause population growth in a developing country. 
Answer: 
In developing countries of the world, rapid increase in population was due to : 
1. Modern medical techniques which increased the lifespan of the people. 
2. Ignorance of the masses. 
3. Traditional beliefs, customs and outlook of people. 
Question 7. 
What do the rural and urban population consist of ? 
Answer: 
The rural population consists of the people residing in villages. 
The urban population consists of the people living in towns and cities. 
Question 8. 
What do you understand by the term ‘working population’? 
Answer: 
The section of the population between 14 – 60 years of age is 
Page 4


Population 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. China has the largest population in the world. 
2. Death rate is number of deaths per year per 1,000 of the population. 
3. Life expectancy is the number of years that a person is likely to live. 
4. Urban areas generally have a higher population density. 
5. A population pyramid is a diagram that shows the age and sex composition of a 
population. 
B. Choose the correct answer  
1. Which continent has the highest population ? 
1. Asia 
2. Europe 
3. North America 
4. South America 
2. Which of these is an adverse effect of over population ? 
1. Environmental degradation 
2. Poverty 
3. Unemployment 
4. All of these. 
3. Which of these is not a positive effect of under population? 
1. Adequate employment 
2. fewer taxpayers 
3. Lesser environmental degradation 
4. Lower levels of poverty 
4. Which of these is a part of the demographic structure of a population ? 
1. Age composition 
2. Sex ratio 
3. Rural and urban populations 
4. All of these 
5. Which type of population is shown in a bell-shaped population pyramid ? 
1. Expanding population 
2. Declining population 
3. Constant population 
4. None of these 
C. State whether the following are true or false  
1. In 2016 alone, the population of the world increased by more than 80 million. 
Answer. True. 
2. Immigration is a factor that can cause overpopulation. 
Answer. True. 
3. In rural areas, people are typically engaged in secondary activities. 
Answer. False. In rural areas, people are typically engaged in primary activities. 
4. An adverse sex ratio shows the high position given to women in society. 
Answer. False. 
An adverse sex ratio shows the low position given to women in society. 
5. In a population pyramid, the youngest age group is shown at the bottom. 
Answer. True. 
D. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
Define the term ‘population’. 
Answer: 
The term ‘population’ refers to all the people who live in a particular area, city or 
country. 
Question 2. 
Define population density. 
Answer: 
Population density refers to the number of people living in a unit area of space, such as 
a square kilometre. 
Question 3. 
Distinguish between immigration and emigration. 
Answer: 
Immigration is the process of coming to live permanently in another country that is not 
one’s own. 
Emigration is the process of leaving one country to go and live permanently in another 
country. 
Question 4. 
Write any two causes of overpopulation ? 
Answer: 
Causes of overpopulation are : 
1. Immigration – When people come from another country. 
2. Increased birth rate – due to better medical facilities 
3. Decreased death rate – due to better medical facilities. 
4. Better medical facilities 
5. Lack of family planning. 
Question 5. 
Mention any two factors that cause population growth in a developed country. 
Answer: 
In the developed countries of the world, the population increased earlier due to : 
1. Economic growth and prosperity as a result of industrialization. 
2. Improved medical techniques and health care facilities. 
3. Immigration because of better job opportunities and better living conditions. 
Question 6. 
Mention any two factors that cause population growth in a developing country. 
Answer: 
In developing countries of the world, rapid increase in population was due to : 
1. Modern medical techniques which increased the lifespan of the people. 
2. Ignorance of the masses. 
3. Traditional beliefs, customs and outlook of people. 
Question 7. 
What do the rural and urban population consist of ? 
Answer: 
The rural population consists of the people residing in villages. 
The urban population consists of the people living in towns and cities. 
Question 8. 
What do you understand by the term ‘working population’? 
Answer: 
The section of the population between 14 – 60 years of age is 
considered to be the working population. They are willing and eligible to work and 
considered an asset for a country as it means high availability of labour for the 
development of the nation. 
E. Answer the following questions in one or two paragraphs: 
Question 1. 
Write a note on the distribution of population in the world. 
Answer: 
At present, the population of the world stands at 7.35 billion. China has the largest 
population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, followed by India, with over 1.2 
billion people, the USA with over 321 million people and Indonesia with over 257 million 
people. Island nations of the Pacific Ocean have populations of just a few thousand. 
Continent-wise, Asia has the largest population with over 4.4 billion people, followed by 
Africa with 1.18 billion people. Europe has over 738 million people, North America has 
over 573 million people, South America has over 418 million people and Oceania 
(Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands of Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Samoa, 
etc) has over 3’9 million people) 
Question 2. 
Briefly explain any four factors that affect the population of a place. 
Answer: 
The are various factors that affect the population of a place such as birth rate, death 
rate, immigration, emigration, influx of refugees, agricultural development, urbanization, 
education, topography and climate of a place, employment opportunities, etc, 
In developed countries, due to improvements in medical facilities, the death rates have 
reduced and the lifespan of the people have increased resulting in increase in 
population. 
Question 3. 
What is the impact of overpopulation ? 
Answer: 
Impact of Overpopulation : 
1. Adverse effect on the environment : Higher population consumes more natural 
resources like fresh water, arable land and mineral resources. This leads to 
deforestation, scarcity of water, extinction of plants and animals, depletion of fossil 
fuels, pollution, global warming. 
2. Adverse effect on economy : Higher population leads to unemployment, 
overcrowding, shortage of food, fuel, minerals and other resources. This leads to 
poor quality of education, low per capita income, inflation, less productivity and 
slow economic growth of the country. 
Page 5


Population 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. China has the largest population in the world. 
2. Death rate is number of deaths per year per 1,000 of the population. 
3. Life expectancy is the number of years that a person is likely to live. 
4. Urban areas generally have a higher population density. 
5. A population pyramid is a diagram that shows the age and sex composition of a 
population. 
B. Choose the correct answer  
1. Which continent has the highest population ? 
1. Asia 
2. Europe 
3. North America 
4. South America 
2. Which of these is an adverse effect of over population ? 
1. Environmental degradation 
2. Poverty 
3. Unemployment 
4. All of these. 
3. Which of these is not a positive effect of under population? 
1. Adequate employment 
2. fewer taxpayers 
3. Lesser environmental degradation 
4. Lower levels of poverty 
4. Which of these is a part of the demographic structure of a population ? 
1. Age composition 
2. Sex ratio 
3. Rural and urban populations 
4. All of these 
5. Which type of population is shown in a bell-shaped population pyramid ? 
1. Expanding population 
2. Declining population 
3. Constant population 
4. None of these 
C. State whether the following are true or false  
1. In 2016 alone, the population of the world increased by more than 80 million. 
Answer. True. 
2. Immigration is a factor that can cause overpopulation. 
Answer. True. 
3. In rural areas, people are typically engaged in secondary activities. 
Answer. False. In rural areas, people are typically engaged in primary activities. 
4. An adverse sex ratio shows the high position given to women in society. 
Answer. False. 
An adverse sex ratio shows the low position given to women in society. 
5. In a population pyramid, the youngest age group is shown at the bottom. 
Answer. True. 
D. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
Define the term ‘population’. 
Answer: 
The term ‘population’ refers to all the people who live in a particular area, city or 
country. 
Question 2. 
Define population density. 
Answer: 
Population density refers to the number of people living in a unit area of space, such as 
a square kilometre. 
Question 3. 
Distinguish between immigration and emigration. 
Answer: 
Immigration is the process of coming to live permanently in another country that is not 
one’s own. 
Emigration is the process of leaving one country to go and live permanently in another 
country. 
Question 4. 
Write any two causes of overpopulation ? 
Answer: 
Causes of overpopulation are : 
1. Immigration – When people come from another country. 
2. Increased birth rate – due to better medical facilities 
3. Decreased death rate – due to better medical facilities. 
4. Better medical facilities 
5. Lack of family planning. 
Question 5. 
Mention any two factors that cause population growth in a developed country. 
Answer: 
In the developed countries of the world, the population increased earlier due to : 
1. Economic growth and prosperity as a result of industrialization. 
2. Improved medical techniques and health care facilities. 
3. Immigration because of better job opportunities and better living conditions. 
Question 6. 
Mention any two factors that cause population growth in a developing country. 
Answer: 
In developing countries of the world, rapid increase in population was due to : 
1. Modern medical techniques which increased the lifespan of the people. 
2. Ignorance of the masses. 
3. Traditional beliefs, customs and outlook of people. 
Question 7. 
What do the rural and urban population consist of ? 
Answer: 
The rural population consists of the people residing in villages. 
The urban population consists of the people living in towns and cities. 
Question 8. 
What do you understand by the term ‘working population’? 
Answer: 
The section of the population between 14 – 60 years of age is 
considered to be the working population. They are willing and eligible to work and 
considered an asset for a country as it means high availability of labour for the 
development of the nation. 
E. Answer the following questions in one or two paragraphs: 
Question 1. 
Write a note on the distribution of population in the world. 
Answer: 
At present, the population of the world stands at 7.35 billion. China has the largest 
population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, followed by India, with over 1.2 
billion people, the USA with over 321 million people and Indonesia with over 257 million 
people. Island nations of the Pacific Ocean have populations of just a few thousand. 
Continent-wise, Asia has the largest population with over 4.4 billion people, followed by 
Africa with 1.18 billion people. Europe has over 738 million people, North America has 
over 573 million people, South America has over 418 million people and Oceania 
(Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands of Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Samoa, 
etc) has over 3’9 million people) 
Question 2. 
Briefly explain any four factors that affect the population of a place. 
Answer: 
The are various factors that affect the population of a place such as birth rate, death 
rate, immigration, emigration, influx of refugees, agricultural development, urbanization, 
education, topography and climate of a place, employment opportunities, etc, 
In developed countries, due to improvements in medical facilities, the death rates have 
reduced and the lifespan of the people have increased resulting in increase in 
population. 
Question 3. 
What is the impact of overpopulation ? 
Answer: 
Impact of Overpopulation : 
1. Adverse effect on the environment : Higher population consumes more natural 
resources like fresh water, arable land and mineral resources. This leads to 
deforestation, scarcity of water, extinction of plants and animals, depletion of fossil 
fuels, pollution, global warming. 
2. Adverse effect on economy : Higher population leads to unemployment, 
overcrowding, shortage of food, fuel, minerals and other resources. This leads to 
poor quality of education, low per capita income, inflation, less productivity and 
slow economic growth of the country. 
3. Poor quality of life : There is not enough affordable food, shelter and education. 
People live in congested areas with poor sanitary conditions leading to spread of 
diseases, poverty and rise in crime rate. 
Question 4. 
Write the positive as well as negative effects of under population. 
Answer: 
Impace of Under population 
Under population has several positive effects : 
1. There are sufficient employment opportunities for everyone. 
2. There are fewer instances of overcrowding. 
3. There are lower levels of poverty. 
4. There are adequate educational, medical and other facilities to meet everyone’s 
needs. 
5. There are sufficient natural resources to meet the requirements of the population. 
6. There is lesser pressure on the environment, and hence, lower rates of 
environmental degradation. 
However, there are also some negative effects of under population : 
1. The lack of adequate labour leads to low productivity. 
2. In some instances, a higher proportion of the population is either too young or too 
old to work. 
3. There are lesser taxpayers, leading to low income for the government. 
4. There are not enough people to develop the natural resources of the country. 
Question 5. 
Write the main differences between rural and urban populations. 
Answer: 
Rural Population 
1. It refers to people living in villages. 
2. The population density in rural areas is low. 
3. The people do primary activities like farming, fishing, mining etc. 
4. The educational and medical facilities are not very highly developed. 
5. Poor standards of transport and communication there. 
6. Village communities are usually closely-knit with strong emphasis on culture and 
traditions. 
Urban Population 
1. It refers to people living in towns and cities. 
2. The population density in urban areas is generally high. 
3. The people do secondary and tertiary activities like trade, transport, services, etc.