Selina Textbook Solutions: Migration | Geography Class 8 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Migration 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. The movement of people from one place or country to another is known 
as migration. 
2. Temporary migration could be annual, seasonal or daily. 
3. Brain drain is also known as human capital flight. 
4. Both the push factors and the pull factors are responsible for brain drain. 
5. The migrant’s country prospers as money (foreign exchange) enters the country. 
B. Choose the correct answer 
1. When a person leaves one country to move to another he is known as 
1. an emigrant 
2. an immigrant 
3. a labourer 
4. a worker 
2. The type of migration in which people move from the rural areas to the city mainly in 
search of better job opportunities is known as 
1. rural to urban 
2. rural to rural 
3. urban to rural 
4. urban to urban 
3. The reason people are forced to leave a place is called the 
1. pull factor 
2. economic factor 
3. push factor 
4. commercial 
4. Migrants willing to happily take up unskilled jobs are known as 
1. cheap labour 
2. technical labour 
3. businessmen 
4. agricultural labourer 
Page 2


Migration 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. The movement of people from one place or country to another is known 
as migration. 
2. Temporary migration could be annual, seasonal or daily. 
3. Brain drain is also known as human capital flight. 
4. Both the push factors and the pull factors are responsible for brain drain. 
5. The migrant’s country prospers as money (foreign exchange) enters the country. 
B. Choose the correct answer 
1. When a person leaves one country to move to another he is known as 
1. an emigrant 
2. an immigrant 
3. a labourer 
4. a worker 
2. The type of migration in which people move from the rural areas to the city mainly in 
search of better job opportunities is known as 
1. rural to urban 
2. rural to rural 
3. urban to rural 
4. urban to urban 
3. The reason people are forced to leave a place is called the 
1. pull factor 
2. economic factor 
3. push factor 
4. commercial 
4. Migrants willing to happily take up unskilled jobs are known as 
1. cheap labour 
2. technical labour 
3. businessmen 
4. agricultural labourer 
5. One of the advantages to the migrant’s home country is 
1. loss of skilled labour 
2. increased foreign exchange 
3. fall in demand of certain goods and services 
4. political uncertainly 
C. State whether the following are true or false: 
1. Migration can be internal or external. 
Answer. True 
2. The urban-rural migration is uncommon in conservative countries like Pakistan and 
Afghanistan. 
Answer. False. 
The urban-rural migration is common in conservative countries like Pakistan and 
Afghanistan. 
3. Jobs in a new country is not a pull factor. 
Answer. False. 
Jobs in a new country is a pull factor. 
4. Immigrants don’t bring rich cultural diversity and traditions to their new country. 
Answer. False. 
Immigrants bring rich cultural diversity and traditions to their new country. 
5. Social and civic pressures develop as migrants entering the new country put pressure 
on the existing resources. 
Answer. True. 
D. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
Define migration. 
Answer: 
The movement of people from one place or country to another is called migration. 
Question 2. 
What do you understand by rural-urban migration ? 
Answer: 
In rural-urban migration, people move from rural area to 
cities mainly in search of better job opportunities, better education and urban lifestyle. A 
few other reasons for this migration are: 
Page 3


Migration 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. The movement of people from one place or country to another is known 
as migration. 
2. Temporary migration could be annual, seasonal or daily. 
3. Brain drain is also known as human capital flight. 
4. Both the push factors and the pull factors are responsible for brain drain. 
5. The migrant’s country prospers as money (foreign exchange) enters the country. 
B. Choose the correct answer 
1. When a person leaves one country to move to another he is known as 
1. an emigrant 
2. an immigrant 
3. a labourer 
4. a worker 
2. The type of migration in which people move from the rural areas to the city mainly in 
search of better job opportunities is known as 
1. rural to urban 
2. rural to rural 
3. urban to rural 
4. urban to urban 
3. The reason people are forced to leave a place is called the 
1. pull factor 
2. economic factor 
3. push factor 
4. commercial 
4. Migrants willing to happily take up unskilled jobs are known as 
1. cheap labour 
2. technical labour 
3. businessmen 
4. agricultural labourer 
5. One of the advantages to the migrant’s home country is 
1. loss of skilled labour 
2. increased foreign exchange 
3. fall in demand of certain goods and services 
4. political uncertainly 
C. State whether the following are true or false: 
1. Migration can be internal or external. 
Answer. True 
2. The urban-rural migration is uncommon in conservative countries like Pakistan and 
Afghanistan. 
Answer. False. 
The urban-rural migration is common in conservative countries like Pakistan and 
Afghanistan. 
3. Jobs in a new country is not a pull factor. 
Answer. False. 
Jobs in a new country is a pull factor. 
4. Immigrants don’t bring rich cultural diversity and traditions to their new country. 
Answer. False. 
Immigrants bring rich cultural diversity and traditions to their new country. 
5. Social and civic pressures develop as migrants entering the new country put pressure 
on the existing resources. 
Answer. True. 
D. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
Define migration. 
Answer: 
The movement of people from one place or country to another is called migration. 
Question 2. 
What do you understand by rural-urban migration ? 
Answer: 
In rural-urban migration, people move from rural area to 
cities mainly in search of better job opportunities, better education and urban lifestyle. A 
few other reasons for this migration are: 
1. Villages cannot support a rapid increase in population. 
2. Reduced food supply 
3. Shortage of land. 
4. Machines replacing human labour in farming in villages. This type of migration is 
common in developing countries like Brazil, South Africa and India. 
Question 3. 
What is primitive migration? 
Answer: 
Primitive migration is one in which people respond to an unfavourable environment by 
leaving it for more favourable one. 
Question 4. 
Differentiate between free and forced migration. 
Answer: 
In free migration, people have the choice to either stay or move. 
When people living in a place are forced to leave the place due to reasons like poor 
living conditions, persecution, lack of political freedom, wars, lack of means to earn a 
livelihood, famine, etc., it is called forced migration. 
Question 5. 
What is illegal migration? 
Answer: 
Illegal migration is one where people violate immigration laws and move to other 
countries. 
Question 6. 
Name any two pull factors for migration. 
Answer: 
Pull factors for migration (reasons why people are attracted to a new place) include – 
1. Job opportunities in the new country (many migrate to Canada and Australia from 
India for this reason) 
2. Education (many students leave India to study abroad) 
3. Availability of better medical facilities. 
Question 7. 
What does brain drain mean ? 
Answer: 
Brain drain is a term that refers to a situation when highly qualified and trained people 
leave their country to work and settle permanently in another country that offers them 
better job opportunities and lifestyle. It is also known as human capital flight. 
Page 4


Migration 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. The movement of people from one place or country to another is known 
as migration. 
2. Temporary migration could be annual, seasonal or daily. 
3. Brain drain is also known as human capital flight. 
4. Both the push factors and the pull factors are responsible for brain drain. 
5. The migrant’s country prospers as money (foreign exchange) enters the country. 
B. Choose the correct answer 
1. When a person leaves one country to move to another he is known as 
1. an emigrant 
2. an immigrant 
3. a labourer 
4. a worker 
2. The type of migration in which people move from the rural areas to the city mainly in 
search of better job opportunities is known as 
1. rural to urban 
2. rural to rural 
3. urban to rural 
4. urban to urban 
3. The reason people are forced to leave a place is called the 
1. pull factor 
2. economic factor 
3. push factor 
4. commercial 
4. Migrants willing to happily take up unskilled jobs are known as 
1. cheap labour 
2. technical labour 
3. businessmen 
4. agricultural labourer 
5. One of the advantages to the migrant’s home country is 
1. loss of skilled labour 
2. increased foreign exchange 
3. fall in demand of certain goods and services 
4. political uncertainly 
C. State whether the following are true or false: 
1. Migration can be internal or external. 
Answer. True 
2. The urban-rural migration is uncommon in conservative countries like Pakistan and 
Afghanistan. 
Answer. False. 
The urban-rural migration is common in conservative countries like Pakistan and 
Afghanistan. 
3. Jobs in a new country is not a pull factor. 
Answer. False. 
Jobs in a new country is a pull factor. 
4. Immigrants don’t bring rich cultural diversity and traditions to their new country. 
Answer. False. 
Immigrants bring rich cultural diversity and traditions to their new country. 
5. Social and civic pressures develop as migrants entering the new country put pressure 
on the existing resources. 
Answer. True. 
D. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
Define migration. 
Answer: 
The movement of people from one place or country to another is called migration. 
Question 2. 
What do you understand by rural-urban migration ? 
Answer: 
In rural-urban migration, people move from rural area to 
cities mainly in search of better job opportunities, better education and urban lifestyle. A 
few other reasons for this migration are: 
1. Villages cannot support a rapid increase in population. 
2. Reduced food supply 
3. Shortage of land. 
4. Machines replacing human labour in farming in villages. This type of migration is 
common in developing countries like Brazil, South Africa and India. 
Question 3. 
What is primitive migration? 
Answer: 
Primitive migration is one in which people respond to an unfavourable environment by 
leaving it for more favourable one. 
Question 4. 
Differentiate between free and forced migration. 
Answer: 
In free migration, people have the choice to either stay or move. 
When people living in a place are forced to leave the place due to reasons like poor 
living conditions, persecution, lack of political freedom, wars, lack of means to earn a 
livelihood, famine, etc., it is called forced migration. 
Question 5. 
What is illegal migration? 
Answer: 
Illegal migration is one where people violate immigration laws and move to other 
countries. 
Question 6. 
Name any two pull factors for migration. 
Answer: 
Pull factors for migration (reasons why people are attracted to a new place) include – 
1. Job opportunities in the new country (many migrate to Canada and Australia from 
India for this reason) 
2. Education (many students leave India to study abroad) 
3. Availability of better medical facilities. 
Question 7. 
What does brain drain mean ? 
Answer: 
Brain drain is a term that refers to a situation when highly qualified and trained people 
leave their country to work and settle permanently in another country that offers them 
better job opportunities and lifestyle. It is also known as human capital flight. 
Question 8. 
Give two positive effects of brain drain. 
Answer: 
Positive effects of brain drain include : 
1. Better employment opportunities for educated and skilled workers that may not be 
available in their own country. 
2. The migrant’s country will prosper as more money (foreign exchange) will enter 
the country. 
3. Migrants returning home will invest in their own business and thereby boost 
development and employment in the country. 
4. There will be greater technology transfer, greater investments and capital brought 
back by the diaspora returning home. 
E. Answer the following questions in detail 
Question 1. 
Explain the different types of migrations. 
Answer: 
There are different types of migration : 
1. Internal migration — People move from one place to another within the country. 
2. External migration — People move to a new country or continent. 
3. Temporary migration — It includes migration which is annual, seasonal or daily. 
For example, people may move to lower regions from mountains during harsh 
winter months. 
4. Emigration — When a person leaves his or her own country and moves to 
another. The person who emigrates is known as an emigrant from his or her own 
country. For example, when a person leaves India and goes to Canada to settle 
there, that person is said to have emigrated from India to Canada. 
5. Immigration — When a person arrives in a new country after leaving his or her 
own country. For example, when a person arrives in Canada from India that 
person is said to have immigrated to Canada and is known as an immigrant in 
Canada. 
Question 2. 
Name and write brief notes on the four types of migration based on direction of 
movement. 
Answer: 
Four types of migration based on the direction of movement are: 
1. Rural to Urban migration — People move from villages to cities mainly in search 
of better job, educational opportunities, urban lifestyle and health services. Such 
migration is common in developing countries like India, South Africa and Brazil. 
Page 5


Migration 
Exercises 
A. Fill in the blanks 
1. The movement of people from one place or country to another is known 
as migration. 
2. Temporary migration could be annual, seasonal or daily. 
3. Brain drain is also known as human capital flight. 
4. Both the push factors and the pull factors are responsible for brain drain. 
5. The migrant’s country prospers as money (foreign exchange) enters the country. 
B. Choose the correct answer 
1. When a person leaves one country to move to another he is known as 
1. an emigrant 
2. an immigrant 
3. a labourer 
4. a worker 
2. The type of migration in which people move from the rural areas to the city mainly in 
search of better job opportunities is known as 
1. rural to urban 
2. rural to rural 
3. urban to rural 
4. urban to urban 
3. The reason people are forced to leave a place is called the 
1. pull factor 
2. economic factor 
3. push factor 
4. commercial 
4. Migrants willing to happily take up unskilled jobs are known as 
1. cheap labour 
2. technical labour 
3. businessmen 
4. agricultural labourer 
5. One of the advantages to the migrant’s home country is 
1. loss of skilled labour 
2. increased foreign exchange 
3. fall in demand of certain goods and services 
4. political uncertainly 
C. State whether the following are true or false: 
1. Migration can be internal or external. 
Answer. True 
2. The urban-rural migration is uncommon in conservative countries like Pakistan and 
Afghanistan. 
Answer. False. 
The urban-rural migration is common in conservative countries like Pakistan and 
Afghanistan. 
3. Jobs in a new country is not a pull factor. 
Answer. False. 
Jobs in a new country is a pull factor. 
4. Immigrants don’t bring rich cultural diversity and traditions to their new country. 
Answer. False. 
Immigrants bring rich cultural diversity and traditions to their new country. 
5. Social and civic pressures develop as migrants entering the new country put pressure 
on the existing resources. 
Answer. True. 
D. Answer the following questions in brief 
Question 1. 
Define migration. 
Answer: 
The movement of people from one place or country to another is called migration. 
Question 2. 
What do you understand by rural-urban migration ? 
Answer: 
In rural-urban migration, people move from rural area to 
cities mainly in search of better job opportunities, better education and urban lifestyle. A 
few other reasons for this migration are: 
1. Villages cannot support a rapid increase in population. 
2. Reduced food supply 
3. Shortage of land. 
4. Machines replacing human labour in farming in villages. This type of migration is 
common in developing countries like Brazil, South Africa and India. 
Question 3. 
What is primitive migration? 
Answer: 
Primitive migration is one in which people respond to an unfavourable environment by 
leaving it for more favourable one. 
Question 4. 
Differentiate between free and forced migration. 
Answer: 
In free migration, people have the choice to either stay or move. 
When people living in a place are forced to leave the place due to reasons like poor 
living conditions, persecution, lack of political freedom, wars, lack of means to earn a 
livelihood, famine, etc., it is called forced migration. 
Question 5. 
What is illegal migration? 
Answer: 
Illegal migration is one where people violate immigration laws and move to other 
countries. 
Question 6. 
Name any two pull factors for migration. 
Answer: 
Pull factors for migration (reasons why people are attracted to a new place) include – 
1. Job opportunities in the new country (many migrate to Canada and Australia from 
India for this reason) 
2. Education (many students leave India to study abroad) 
3. Availability of better medical facilities. 
Question 7. 
What does brain drain mean ? 
Answer: 
Brain drain is a term that refers to a situation when highly qualified and trained people 
leave their country to work and settle permanently in another country that offers them 
better job opportunities and lifestyle. It is also known as human capital flight. 
Question 8. 
Give two positive effects of brain drain. 
Answer: 
Positive effects of brain drain include : 
1. Better employment opportunities for educated and skilled workers that may not be 
available in their own country. 
2. The migrant’s country will prosper as more money (foreign exchange) will enter 
the country. 
3. Migrants returning home will invest in their own business and thereby boost 
development and employment in the country. 
4. There will be greater technology transfer, greater investments and capital brought 
back by the diaspora returning home. 
E. Answer the following questions in detail 
Question 1. 
Explain the different types of migrations. 
Answer: 
There are different types of migration : 
1. Internal migration — People move from one place to another within the country. 
2. External migration — People move to a new country or continent. 
3. Temporary migration — It includes migration which is annual, seasonal or daily. 
For example, people may move to lower regions from mountains during harsh 
winter months. 
4. Emigration — When a person leaves his or her own country and moves to 
another. The person who emigrates is known as an emigrant from his or her own 
country. For example, when a person leaves India and goes to Canada to settle 
there, that person is said to have emigrated from India to Canada. 
5. Immigration — When a person arrives in a new country after leaving his or her 
own country. For example, when a person arrives in Canada from India that 
person is said to have immigrated to Canada and is known as an immigrant in 
Canada. 
Question 2. 
Name and write brief notes on the four types of migration based on direction of 
movement. 
Answer: 
Four types of migration based on the direction of movement are: 
1. Rural to Urban migration — People move from villages to cities mainly in search 
of better job, educational opportunities, urban lifestyle and health services. Such 
migration is common in developing countries like India, South Africa and Brazil. 
2. Rural to Rural migration — People move from one village to another village due 
to acquisition of property, marriage, better resources, fertile land for farming, etc. 
3. Urban to Urban migration — People move from one city to another city, 
generally a larger one, in search of better job, educational facilities, health 
services, etc. For example, students and professionals from cities like Patna, 
Lucknow go to Delhi, Mumbai in search of better opportunities. This migration also 
happens when the population of a city becomes too big and affects the quality of 
life. For example, people from Delhi are moving to Gurugram and Noida. Shifting 
of a large government office or company from one 
city to another also causes large-scale migration of people from one city to 
another. 
4. Urban to Rural migration — People move back from cities to their homes in 
villages due to ancestral property, marriage, inability to find proper shelter or 
suitable job, high cost of living, traffic and pollution. For example, conservative 
countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan show urban-rural migration. 
Question 3. 
Distinguish between the pull and push factors. 
Answer: 
Push factors of migration : 
1. These factors force the people to leave a place. 
2. Lack of job, war, natural disaster or political instability are some of the push 
factors. 
3. Examples – Thousands of people from Syria are migrating to safer countries due 
to war, The 2015 earthquake in Nepal caused many people to migrate to India. 
Pull factors of migration : 
1. These factors attract people to new places. 
2. Job opportunities, better education and health services are some of the pull 
factors. 
3. Examples – Many students leave India to study abroad, many people migrate to 
Canada and Australia for better jobs. 
Question 4. 
Briefly explain any four pull factors of migration. 
Answer: 
The reason why people are attracted to a new place is known as the pull factor. It 
includes : 
1. Job Opportunities : Many people move to other cities within the country or to 
other countries because of better job and career prospects. These people are also 
attracted by higher salaries and better quality of life. We have seen recently lots of