Selina Textbook Solutions: The Growth of Nationalism | History Class 8 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


The Growth of Nationalism 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Congress of Vienna was hosted by The Austrian Chancellor Duke 
Metternich. 
2. The American Revolution began in 1776. 
3. The first clear expression of nationalism came up with the French Revolution. 
4. The French Revolution began in 1789. 
5. England had Thirteen colonies in North America. 
6. American thinker Thomas Jefferson, asked the people to rebel against the 
tyrannical rule of England. 
7. A new country called The United States of America was bom after the American 
Revolution. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
    Column A                                Column B 
 
 
Page 2


The Growth of Nationalism 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Congress of Vienna was hosted by The Austrian Chancellor Duke 
Metternich. 
2. The American Revolution began in 1776. 
3. The first clear expression of nationalism came up with the French Revolution. 
4. The French Revolution began in 1789. 
5. England had Thirteen colonies in North America. 
6. American thinker Thomas Jefferson, asked the people to rebel against the 
tyrannical rule of England. 
7. A new country called The United States of America was bom after the American 
Revolution. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
    Column A                                Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
    Column A                                  Column   B 
 
  
III. State whether the following statements are true or false: 
1. The 13 colonies of North America were dissatisfied with the rule of the master 
country, England. 
True. 
2. The French society was divided into three classes, each enjoying similar rights 
and privileges. 
False. 
3. The French Revolution began with the storming of Bastille in 1789. 
True. 
4. A new constitution was framed by the French Assembly in 1785. 
False. 
5. The French Revolution led to rise of nationalism in Europe. 
True. 
6. India was greatly inspired by both the American and French Revolutions. 
True. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
Question 1. 
What do you know about the Congress of Vienna? 
Answer: 
With the final defeat of Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo (1815) the European rulers 
Page 3


The Growth of Nationalism 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Congress of Vienna was hosted by The Austrian Chancellor Duke 
Metternich. 
2. The American Revolution began in 1776. 
3. The first clear expression of nationalism came up with the French Revolution. 
4. The French Revolution began in 1789. 
5. England had Thirteen colonies in North America. 
6. American thinker Thomas Jefferson, asked the people to rebel against the 
tyrannical rule of England. 
7. A new country called The United States of America was bom after the American 
Revolution. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
    Column A                                Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
    Column A                                  Column   B 
 
  
III. State whether the following statements are true or false: 
1. The 13 colonies of North America were dissatisfied with the rule of the master 
country, England. 
True. 
2. The French society was divided into three classes, each enjoying similar rights 
and privileges. 
False. 
3. The French Revolution began with the storming of Bastille in 1789. 
True. 
4. A new constitution was framed by the French Assembly in 1785. 
False. 
5. The French Revolution led to rise of nationalism in Europe. 
True. 
6. India was greatly inspired by both the American and French Revolutions. 
True. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
Question 1. 
What do you know about the Congress of Vienna? 
Answer: 
With the final defeat of Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo (1815) the European rulers 
met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the 
Austrian Chancellor, Duke Mettemich. The Congress of Vienna (1815) drew up the 
Treaty of Vienna in 1815 with the aim of undoing the changes ushered during the 
Napoleonic wars. All the kings that were ousted by Napoleon were given back their 
kingdoms. Austria, Russia, Prussia received many territories, so did Great Britain, 
Sweden and Holland. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe 
Question 2. 
What is nationalism? Discuss. 
Answer: 
Nationalism can be described as a strong feeling of love and loyalty which people have 
towards their own country. Nationalism arises when people share feelings and 
experiences. It may include common language, culture, religion, social order, historical 
tradition and physical descent. Patriotism is also a part of Nationalism. 
Question 3. 
What were the causes for the American War of Independence? 
Answer: 
The causes for the American War of Independence were: 
1. The Americans were not allowed to start any industry.They were not allowed to 
trade with any country except England. They did not have the same rights as the 
English enjoyed in England. The Americans did not have any representation in the 
British Parliament. They had to pay more taxes than the English paid in England. 
2. The English settlers in America were inspired by the European philosophers like 
John Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu who believed in freedom, 
equality and rights of people. 
3. In 1765, the English Parliament passed the Stamp Act which imposed stamp 
taxes on all business transactions. This Act aroused violent resentement among 
colonists. 
4. American thinkers like Jefferson asked people to rebel against the tyrannical rule 
of England. 
5. The most prominent protest against the British is known as ‘Boston Tea Party’. A 
group of people raided British ships in Boston Harbour and threw 340 crates of tea 
into the sea to protest against the new taxes. The 13 colonies in America revolted 
against the British. This is known as American War of Independence. 
Question 4. 
Explain the significance of the American Revolution. 
Answer: 
The American Revolution is an important landmark in the History 
of the World. It inspired the people of other colonies, including India, to overthrow their 
colonial masters and showed the path of democracy. 
Page 4


The Growth of Nationalism 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Congress of Vienna was hosted by The Austrian Chancellor Duke 
Metternich. 
2. The American Revolution began in 1776. 
3. The first clear expression of nationalism came up with the French Revolution. 
4. The French Revolution began in 1789. 
5. England had Thirteen colonies in North America. 
6. American thinker Thomas Jefferson, asked the people to rebel against the 
tyrannical rule of England. 
7. A new country called The United States of America was bom after the American 
Revolution. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
    Column A                                Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
    Column A                                  Column   B 
 
  
III. State whether the following statements are true or false: 
1. The 13 colonies of North America were dissatisfied with the rule of the master 
country, England. 
True. 
2. The French society was divided into three classes, each enjoying similar rights 
and privileges. 
False. 
3. The French Revolution began with the storming of Bastille in 1789. 
True. 
4. A new constitution was framed by the French Assembly in 1785. 
False. 
5. The French Revolution led to rise of nationalism in Europe. 
True. 
6. India was greatly inspired by both the American and French Revolutions. 
True. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
Question 1. 
What do you know about the Congress of Vienna? 
Answer: 
With the final defeat of Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo (1815) the European rulers 
met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the 
Austrian Chancellor, Duke Mettemich. The Congress of Vienna (1815) drew up the 
Treaty of Vienna in 1815 with the aim of undoing the changes ushered during the 
Napoleonic wars. All the kings that were ousted by Napoleon were given back their 
kingdoms. Austria, Russia, Prussia received many territories, so did Great Britain, 
Sweden and Holland. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe 
Question 2. 
What is nationalism? Discuss. 
Answer: 
Nationalism can be described as a strong feeling of love and loyalty which people have 
towards their own country. Nationalism arises when people share feelings and 
experiences. It may include common language, culture, religion, social order, historical 
tradition and physical descent. Patriotism is also a part of Nationalism. 
Question 3. 
What were the causes for the American War of Independence? 
Answer: 
The causes for the American War of Independence were: 
1. The Americans were not allowed to start any industry.They were not allowed to 
trade with any country except England. They did not have the same rights as the 
English enjoyed in England. The Americans did not have any representation in the 
British Parliament. They had to pay more taxes than the English paid in England. 
2. The English settlers in America were inspired by the European philosophers like 
John Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu who believed in freedom, 
equality and rights of people. 
3. In 1765, the English Parliament passed the Stamp Act which imposed stamp 
taxes on all business transactions. This Act aroused violent resentement among 
colonists. 
4. American thinkers like Jefferson asked people to rebel against the tyrannical rule 
of England. 
5. The most prominent protest against the British is known as ‘Boston Tea Party’. A 
group of people raided British ships in Boston Harbour and threw 340 crates of tea 
into the sea to protest against the new taxes. The 13 colonies in America revolted 
against the British. This is known as American War of Independence. 
Question 4. 
Explain the significance of the American Revolution. 
Answer: 
The American Revolution is an important landmark in the History 
of the World. It inspired the people of other colonies, including India, to overthrow their 
colonial masters and showed the path of democracy. 
Question 5. 
Why did the French Revolution take place? 
Answer: 
The French Society at that time was divided into three distinct classes or estates.The 
First Estate was made of the Clergy. The Second Estate was made up of the Nobility. 
The nobles were absolute landlords.The Third Estate consisted of the common people. 
They were the middle class members (merchants, lawyers, teachers, doctors, etc.) and 
the peasants and artisans. The first two Estates enjoyed all the luxury and privileges, 
owned all the land between them and paid no taxes. The Third Estate was heavily taxed 
and lived a life of hardship and misery. King Louis XVI was indifferent to the plight of the 
common people and lived a life of luxury himself.The common people of France were 
inspired by the revolutionary writings of famous french philosophers like Rousseau, 
Montesquieu and Voltaire. They attacked the church and the nobility in their writings. 
Rousseau wrote that subjects have the right to overthrow a king who does not rule 
according to the general will. The Philosophers propagated the ideas of liberty, fraternity 
and equality. The French people were also inspired by the American War of 
Independence. It made them ready to fight for their rights and justice. 
Question 6. 
Discuss the significance of the French Revolution. 
Answer: 
The French Revolution was an event of great importance in the history of the world. It 
introduced democratic ideas and ended the supreme rule of the kings.The nobles and 
the church lost their property and their lands were distributed to the peasants. Slaves in 
French colonies were set free. The watchwords of the French Revolution such as 
liberty, equality and fraternity led to the rise of a new democratic social order in 
Europe.The most patent effect of the French Revolution was that it roused national 
feelings. The common people were prepared to die for the sake of protecting the rights 
and privileges they had got due to the French Revolution. It also inspired other 
European people to overthrow their oppressive governments. 
Question 7. 
Write a short note on Napoleon. 
Answer: 
In 1799 Napoleon overthrew the Directorate and framed a Consulate in France, which 
consisted of three Consuls (17991801). He himself was the First Consul and later he 
became Consul for life in 1802. 
Napoleon defeated Austrians in Italy, defeated Britain in 1802. He established 
numerous small republics in Italy, Germany and Belgium. After these victories he 
became the Emperor of France and the Pope attended his Coronation Ceremony in 
1804. He was at the height of his political and military glory between 1808-1810. He 
was finally defeated in 1815 in the Battle of Waterloo. He was exiled to St. Helena 
Island where he died in 1821. 
 
Page 5


The Growth of Nationalism 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Congress of Vienna was hosted by The Austrian Chancellor Duke 
Metternich. 
2. The American Revolution began in 1776. 
3. The first clear expression of nationalism came up with the French Revolution. 
4. The French Revolution began in 1789. 
5. England had Thirteen colonies in North America. 
6. American thinker Thomas Jefferson, asked the people to rebel against the 
tyrannical rule of England. 
7. A new country called The United States of America was bom after the American 
Revolution. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
    Column A                                Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
    Column A                                  Column   B 
 
  
III. State whether the following statements are true or false: 
1. The 13 colonies of North America were dissatisfied with the rule of the master 
country, England. 
True. 
2. The French society was divided into three classes, each enjoying similar rights 
and privileges. 
False. 
3. The French Revolution began with the storming of Bastille in 1789. 
True. 
4. A new constitution was framed by the French Assembly in 1785. 
False. 
5. The French Revolution led to rise of nationalism in Europe. 
True. 
6. India was greatly inspired by both the American and French Revolutions. 
True. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
Question 1. 
What do you know about the Congress of Vienna? 
Answer: 
With the final defeat of Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo (1815) the European rulers 
met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the 
Austrian Chancellor, Duke Mettemich. The Congress of Vienna (1815) drew up the 
Treaty of Vienna in 1815 with the aim of undoing the changes ushered during the 
Napoleonic wars. All the kings that were ousted by Napoleon were given back their 
kingdoms. Austria, Russia, Prussia received many territories, so did Great Britain, 
Sweden and Holland. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe 
Question 2. 
What is nationalism? Discuss. 
Answer: 
Nationalism can be described as a strong feeling of love and loyalty which people have 
towards their own country. Nationalism arises when people share feelings and 
experiences. It may include common language, culture, religion, social order, historical 
tradition and physical descent. Patriotism is also a part of Nationalism. 
Question 3. 
What were the causes for the American War of Independence? 
Answer: 
The causes for the American War of Independence were: 
1. The Americans were not allowed to start any industry.They were not allowed to 
trade with any country except England. They did not have the same rights as the 
English enjoyed in England. The Americans did not have any representation in the 
British Parliament. They had to pay more taxes than the English paid in England. 
2. The English settlers in America were inspired by the European philosophers like 
John Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu who believed in freedom, 
equality and rights of people. 
3. In 1765, the English Parliament passed the Stamp Act which imposed stamp 
taxes on all business transactions. This Act aroused violent resentement among 
colonists. 
4. American thinkers like Jefferson asked people to rebel against the tyrannical rule 
of England. 
5. The most prominent protest against the British is known as ‘Boston Tea Party’. A 
group of people raided British ships in Boston Harbour and threw 340 crates of tea 
into the sea to protest against the new taxes. The 13 colonies in America revolted 
against the British. This is known as American War of Independence. 
Question 4. 
Explain the significance of the American Revolution. 
Answer: 
The American Revolution is an important landmark in the History 
of the World. It inspired the people of other colonies, including India, to overthrow their 
colonial masters and showed the path of democracy. 
Question 5. 
Why did the French Revolution take place? 
Answer: 
The French Society at that time was divided into three distinct classes or estates.The 
First Estate was made of the Clergy. The Second Estate was made up of the Nobility. 
The nobles were absolute landlords.The Third Estate consisted of the common people. 
They were the middle class members (merchants, lawyers, teachers, doctors, etc.) and 
the peasants and artisans. The first two Estates enjoyed all the luxury and privileges, 
owned all the land between them and paid no taxes. The Third Estate was heavily taxed 
and lived a life of hardship and misery. King Louis XVI was indifferent to the plight of the 
common people and lived a life of luxury himself.The common people of France were 
inspired by the revolutionary writings of famous french philosophers like Rousseau, 
Montesquieu and Voltaire. They attacked the church and the nobility in their writings. 
Rousseau wrote that subjects have the right to overthrow a king who does not rule 
according to the general will. The Philosophers propagated the ideas of liberty, fraternity 
and equality. The French people were also inspired by the American War of 
Independence. It made them ready to fight for their rights and justice. 
Question 6. 
Discuss the significance of the French Revolution. 
Answer: 
The French Revolution was an event of great importance in the history of the world. It 
introduced democratic ideas and ended the supreme rule of the kings.The nobles and 
the church lost their property and their lands were distributed to the peasants. Slaves in 
French colonies were set free. The watchwords of the French Revolution such as 
liberty, equality and fraternity led to the rise of a new democratic social order in 
Europe.The most patent effect of the French Revolution was that it roused national 
feelings. The common people were prepared to die for the sake of protecting the rights 
and privileges they had got due to the French Revolution. It also inspired other 
European people to overthrow their oppressive governments. 
Question 7. 
Write a short note on Napoleon. 
Answer: 
In 1799 Napoleon overthrew the Directorate and framed a Consulate in France, which 
consisted of three Consuls (17991801). He himself was the First Consul and later he 
became Consul for life in 1802. 
Napoleon defeated Austrians in Italy, defeated Britain in 1802. He established 
numerous small republics in Italy, Germany and Belgium. After these victories he 
became the Emperor of France and the Pope attended his Coronation Ceremony in 
1804. He was at the height of his political and military glory between 1808-1810. He 
was finally defeated in 1815 in the Battle of Waterloo. He was exiled to St. Helena 
Island where he died in 1821. 
 
V. Write short notes on: 
Question 1. 
The role of philosophers and thinkers of the 18th century. 
Answer: 
The common people of France were greatly inspired by the revolutionary writings of the 
famous French Philosophers like Rousseau, Montesquieu and Voltaire. They attacked 
the church and the nobility in their writings. Rousseau wrote that subjects have the right 
to overthrow a king who does not rule according to the general will. They propagated 
the ideas of liberty, fraternity and equality. 
Question 2. 
Storming of the Bastille 
Answer: 
On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris stormed the prison of Bastille. They freed all the 
prisoners. 
Monarchy was overthrown. King Louis XVI and his queen Marie Antoinette were first 
imprisoned and later guillotined (Put to death) in 1793. There was chaos for some time 
and a reign of terror began which lasted from 1793-1794.Thousand of nobles, clergy 
and even innocent men were executed.In 1795 the National Assembly of France 
adopted a Declaration of the Rights of Man which declared that men are bom free and 
equal. A new Constitution was framed. 
Question 3. 
Boston Tea Party 
Answer: 
Anti British protests could be seen all over. The most prominent protest was the incident 
known as the ‘Boston Tea Party’. In 1773, a group of people raided British ships in the 
Boston harbour and threw 340 crates of tea into the sea. This was to protest against the 
new taxes which the British Government had imposed upon the colonies, especially the 
tax imposed on tea. 
Additional Questions 
Fill in the blanks: 
1. The American War of Independence was the first Organized political revolution in 
the history of the world. 
2. The discovery of the American continent was followed by the establishment 
of Permanent European settlements in the 16th century. 
3. The colonists argued that the British Parliament had no right to tax the colonists 
because they had no representatives in the parliament 
4. George Washington was chosen as the commander of the American troops in 
the war against the British.