Selina Textbook Solutions: The Reformation | History Class 9 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


The Reformation 
EXERCISES 
Question 1. 
What do you understand by the term ‘Reformation’? 
Answer: 
‘Reformation’ was a religious Movement launched by Martin Luther. It protested against 
the dogmas of Roman Catholic Church. 
Question 2. 
Mention two important causes of the Reformation. 
Answer: 
Two important causes of the Reformation are: 
1. Evils of the Catholic Church. 
2. Financial Burden on People in General. 
Question 3. 
What is meant by the Sale of Indulgences? 
Answer: 
Tetzel, who was sent to Germany by Pope, he used to sell Indulgences, offering pardon 
to those who paid money. This practice of his is said to be the Sale of Indulgences. 
Question 4. 
How did the Pope Leo X try to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica? 
Answer: 
The Pope Leo X, tried to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica by sending 
missionaries to sell Indulgences. 
Question 5. 
Name the English priest who translated the Holy Bible into English. 
Answer: 
Wycliff. 
Question 6. 
Who started the revolt against the authority of the Church in Germany? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther. 
 
Page 2


The Reformation 
EXERCISES 
Question 1. 
What do you understand by the term ‘Reformation’? 
Answer: 
‘Reformation’ was a religious Movement launched by Martin Luther. It protested against 
the dogmas of Roman Catholic Church. 
Question 2. 
Mention two important causes of the Reformation. 
Answer: 
Two important causes of the Reformation are: 
1. Evils of the Catholic Church. 
2. Financial Burden on People in General. 
Question 3. 
What is meant by the Sale of Indulgences? 
Answer: 
Tetzel, who was sent to Germany by Pope, he used to sell Indulgences, offering pardon 
to those who paid money. This practice of his is said to be the Sale of Indulgences. 
Question 4. 
How did the Pope Leo X try to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica? 
Answer: 
The Pope Leo X, tried to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica by sending 
missionaries to sell Indulgences. 
Question 5. 
Name the English priest who translated the Holy Bible into English. 
Answer: 
Wycliff. 
Question 6. 
Who started the revolt against the authority of the Church in Germany? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther. 
 
Question 7. 
Why did Marin Luther object to the power of Pope? 
Answer: 
The Pope used to forgive sins of all that paid, regardless of whether they sincerely 
regretted their actions, which made Martin Luther to raise his objection against the 
power of the Pope. 
Question 8. 
Why was Martin Luthur Excommunicated from the Church? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther was very much against the worldliness of the Pope Leo X, the Clergy and 
the spiritual emptiness of the Catholic Church. All his resentment provoked the Pope 
and he declared Martin Luther as a heretic and sent a letter, warning him that he would 
be excommunicated from the Church. Martin Luther defiantly burnt the Papal’s Bull of 
Excommunication in the presence of the public at Writen berg on December 10, 1520, 
theory marking his revolt. 
Question 9. 
Who translated the Holy Bible from Latin into German language? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther translated the Holy Bible from Latin to German language. 
Question 10. 
What was the immediate cause of the division of the Roman Catholic Church? 
Answer: 
The Reformation in Europe was the immediate cause of the division of the Roman 
Catholic church. 
Question 11. 
Which are the two factions of the Church? 
Answer: 
The Roman Catholic and the Protestant. 
Question 12. 
What were the two main decision made by the Council of Trent? 
Answer: 
The Council of Trent took up steps to enforce strict discipline among the Church 
officials. The sale of Church offices were stopped. It condemned and prohibited Sale of 
Indulgences. Seminars were to be started for imparting education and training to 
priests. The Church should not charge any fees for conducting religious services; 
sermons should be preached in the language of the people. 
 
Page 3


The Reformation 
EXERCISES 
Question 1. 
What do you understand by the term ‘Reformation’? 
Answer: 
‘Reformation’ was a religious Movement launched by Martin Luther. It protested against 
the dogmas of Roman Catholic Church. 
Question 2. 
Mention two important causes of the Reformation. 
Answer: 
Two important causes of the Reformation are: 
1. Evils of the Catholic Church. 
2. Financial Burden on People in General. 
Question 3. 
What is meant by the Sale of Indulgences? 
Answer: 
Tetzel, who was sent to Germany by Pope, he used to sell Indulgences, offering pardon 
to those who paid money. This practice of his is said to be the Sale of Indulgences. 
Question 4. 
How did the Pope Leo X try to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica? 
Answer: 
The Pope Leo X, tried to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica by sending 
missionaries to sell Indulgences. 
Question 5. 
Name the English priest who translated the Holy Bible into English. 
Answer: 
Wycliff. 
Question 6. 
Who started the revolt against the authority of the Church in Germany? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther. 
 
Question 7. 
Why did Marin Luther object to the power of Pope? 
Answer: 
The Pope used to forgive sins of all that paid, regardless of whether they sincerely 
regretted their actions, which made Martin Luther to raise his objection against the 
power of the Pope. 
Question 8. 
Why was Martin Luthur Excommunicated from the Church? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther was very much against the worldliness of the Pope Leo X, the Clergy and 
the spiritual emptiness of the Catholic Church. All his resentment provoked the Pope 
and he declared Martin Luther as a heretic and sent a letter, warning him that he would 
be excommunicated from the Church. Martin Luther defiantly burnt the Papal’s Bull of 
Excommunication in the presence of the public at Writen berg on December 10, 1520, 
theory marking his revolt. 
Question 9. 
Who translated the Holy Bible from Latin into German language? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther translated the Holy Bible from Latin to German language. 
Question 10. 
What was the immediate cause of the division of the Roman Catholic Church? 
Answer: 
The Reformation in Europe was the immediate cause of the division of the Roman 
Catholic church. 
Question 11. 
Which are the two factions of the Church? 
Answer: 
The Roman Catholic and the Protestant. 
Question 12. 
What were the two main decision made by the Council of Trent? 
Answer: 
The Council of Trent took up steps to enforce strict discipline among the Church 
officials. The sale of Church offices were stopped. It condemned and prohibited Sale of 
Indulgences. Seminars were to be started for imparting education and training to 
priests. The Church should not charge any fees for conducting religious services; 
sermons should be preached in the language of the people. 
 
Question 13. 
Who founded the Society of Jesus? 
Answer: 
Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish nobleman founded the Society of Jesus. 
Question 14. 
What were the important terms of the peace of Augsburg  in 1555? 
Answer: 
The important terms of the peace of Augsburg in 1555 were: 
1. The ruler will have the right to determine his static-religion. 
2. Lutheran subjects in Catholic states in Germany will not be asked to renounce 
their faith. 
Question 15. 
Who heralded the Protestant Movement in Switzerland? 
Answer: 
Ulrich Zwingli heralded the Protestant Movement in Switzerland. 
Question 16. 
What did the Puritans want people to do? 
Answer: 
Puritans condemned and prohibited Sale of Indulgences. Seminaries were to be started 
for importing education and training to priests. The Church should not charge any fees 
for conducting religious services; sermons should be preached in the language of the 
people. 
Question 17. 
Mention the names of two Jesuit missionaries who helped in restoring the prestige of 
the Catholic Church. 
Answer: 
St. Francis Xavier and Loyola. 
Question 18. 
What is meant by the term ‘Nation-State’? 
Answer: 
The Nation State refers to a country with well defined natural boundaries, having people 
with common history, culture and character. 
Question 19. 
How Reformation led to the formation of Nation-States in Europe. 
Answer: 
As the Protestant revolt grew in strength, many rulers who wanted to be freed of 
leading-strings of the Pope sided with Martine Luther or Calvin. Many European kings 
Page 4


The Reformation 
EXERCISES 
Question 1. 
What do you understand by the term ‘Reformation’? 
Answer: 
‘Reformation’ was a religious Movement launched by Martin Luther. It protested against 
the dogmas of Roman Catholic Church. 
Question 2. 
Mention two important causes of the Reformation. 
Answer: 
Two important causes of the Reformation are: 
1. Evils of the Catholic Church. 
2. Financial Burden on People in General. 
Question 3. 
What is meant by the Sale of Indulgences? 
Answer: 
Tetzel, who was sent to Germany by Pope, he used to sell Indulgences, offering pardon 
to those who paid money. This practice of his is said to be the Sale of Indulgences. 
Question 4. 
How did the Pope Leo X try to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica? 
Answer: 
The Pope Leo X, tried to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica by sending 
missionaries to sell Indulgences. 
Question 5. 
Name the English priest who translated the Holy Bible into English. 
Answer: 
Wycliff. 
Question 6. 
Who started the revolt against the authority of the Church in Germany? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther. 
 
Question 7. 
Why did Marin Luther object to the power of Pope? 
Answer: 
The Pope used to forgive sins of all that paid, regardless of whether they sincerely 
regretted their actions, which made Martin Luther to raise his objection against the 
power of the Pope. 
Question 8. 
Why was Martin Luthur Excommunicated from the Church? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther was very much against the worldliness of the Pope Leo X, the Clergy and 
the spiritual emptiness of the Catholic Church. All his resentment provoked the Pope 
and he declared Martin Luther as a heretic and sent a letter, warning him that he would 
be excommunicated from the Church. Martin Luther defiantly burnt the Papal’s Bull of 
Excommunication in the presence of the public at Writen berg on December 10, 1520, 
theory marking his revolt. 
Question 9. 
Who translated the Holy Bible from Latin into German language? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther translated the Holy Bible from Latin to German language. 
Question 10. 
What was the immediate cause of the division of the Roman Catholic Church? 
Answer: 
The Reformation in Europe was the immediate cause of the division of the Roman 
Catholic church. 
Question 11. 
Which are the two factions of the Church? 
Answer: 
The Roman Catholic and the Protestant. 
Question 12. 
What were the two main decision made by the Council of Trent? 
Answer: 
The Council of Trent took up steps to enforce strict discipline among the Church 
officials. The sale of Church offices were stopped. It condemned and prohibited Sale of 
Indulgences. Seminars were to be started for imparting education and training to 
priests. The Church should not charge any fees for conducting religious services; 
sermons should be preached in the language of the people. 
 
Question 13. 
Who founded the Society of Jesus? 
Answer: 
Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish nobleman founded the Society of Jesus. 
Question 14. 
What were the important terms of the peace of Augsburg  in 1555? 
Answer: 
The important terms of the peace of Augsburg in 1555 were: 
1. The ruler will have the right to determine his static-religion. 
2. Lutheran subjects in Catholic states in Germany will not be asked to renounce 
their faith. 
Question 15. 
Who heralded the Protestant Movement in Switzerland? 
Answer: 
Ulrich Zwingli heralded the Protestant Movement in Switzerland. 
Question 16. 
What did the Puritans want people to do? 
Answer: 
Puritans condemned and prohibited Sale of Indulgences. Seminaries were to be started 
for importing education and training to priests. The Church should not charge any fees 
for conducting religious services; sermons should be preached in the language of the 
people. 
Question 17. 
Mention the names of two Jesuit missionaries who helped in restoring the prestige of 
the Catholic Church. 
Answer: 
St. Francis Xavier and Loyola. 
Question 18. 
What is meant by the term ‘Nation-State’? 
Answer: 
The Nation State refers to a country with well defined natural boundaries, having people 
with common history, culture and character. 
Question 19. 
How Reformation led to the formation of Nation-States in Europe. 
Answer: 
As the Protestant revolt grew in strength, many rulers who wanted to be freed of 
leading-strings of the Pope sided with Martine Luther or Calvin. Many European kings 
now declared themselves as Head of the Church as well as of the Government. The 
kings had already crushed the feudal lords. Now another great rival of the Crown i.e., 
the Church also submitted to King’s authority. That completed the edifice of a National-
State. 
Question 20. 
What was ‘Mercantilism’? 
Answer: 
Mercantilism meant ‘complete government control over trade, commerce and industry.’ 
Question 21. 
Mention the main point on which Luther and Zwingli disagreed. 
Answer: 
The ‘Lord’s Supper’ was the main point on which Luther and Zwingli disagreed. 
Sturctured Questions 
Question 1. 
The Movement against the Roman Catholic Church is called the Reformation. Discuss 
its causes with reference to the following: 
(a) Sale of Indulgences 
(b) Tithe 
(c) Raising Funds to build St. Peter’s Basilica 
Answer: 
(a) Sale of Indulgences: 
Another way of collecting money was the sale of letters which remitted punishment for 
sin. Those who had money would be made free from doing penance for their sins by 
buying a Letter of Indulgence. The clergy claimed that those who bought the 
Indulgences got remission of their sins by God. 
(b) Tithe: 
The people were required to pay ‘tithe’ (one-tenth of their income) to support churches 
and priests. Besides, the clergy collected another tax called ‘Peter’s pence’ from the 
people. The burden fell mainly on the peasants and the middle class families. 
(c) Raising Funds to build St. Peter’s Basilica: 
Pope Leo X wanted to build St. Peter’s Basilica (Church) with the new architectural 
designs. He sent emissaries to sell Indulgences and to collect funds for the new project. 
John Tetzel, an agent of the Pope, went to Writen berg with the mission of raising sums 
for the building. It provoked Martin Luther. 
 
 
Page 5


The Reformation 
EXERCISES 
Question 1. 
What do you understand by the term ‘Reformation’? 
Answer: 
‘Reformation’ was a religious Movement launched by Martin Luther. It protested against 
the dogmas of Roman Catholic Church. 
Question 2. 
Mention two important causes of the Reformation. 
Answer: 
Two important causes of the Reformation are: 
1. Evils of the Catholic Church. 
2. Financial Burden on People in General. 
Question 3. 
What is meant by the Sale of Indulgences? 
Answer: 
Tetzel, who was sent to Germany by Pope, he used to sell Indulgences, offering pardon 
to those who paid money. This practice of his is said to be the Sale of Indulgences. 
Question 4. 
How did the Pope Leo X try to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica? 
Answer: 
The Pope Leo X, tried to collect funds for building St. Peter’s Basilica by sending 
missionaries to sell Indulgences. 
Question 5. 
Name the English priest who translated the Holy Bible into English. 
Answer: 
Wycliff. 
Question 6. 
Who started the revolt against the authority of the Church in Germany? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther. 
 
Question 7. 
Why did Marin Luther object to the power of Pope? 
Answer: 
The Pope used to forgive sins of all that paid, regardless of whether they sincerely 
regretted their actions, which made Martin Luther to raise his objection against the 
power of the Pope. 
Question 8. 
Why was Martin Luthur Excommunicated from the Church? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther was very much against the worldliness of the Pope Leo X, the Clergy and 
the spiritual emptiness of the Catholic Church. All his resentment provoked the Pope 
and he declared Martin Luther as a heretic and sent a letter, warning him that he would 
be excommunicated from the Church. Martin Luther defiantly burnt the Papal’s Bull of 
Excommunication in the presence of the public at Writen berg on December 10, 1520, 
theory marking his revolt. 
Question 9. 
Who translated the Holy Bible from Latin into German language? 
Answer: 
Martin Luther translated the Holy Bible from Latin to German language. 
Question 10. 
What was the immediate cause of the division of the Roman Catholic Church? 
Answer: 
The Reformation in Europe was the immediate cause of the division of the Roman 
Catholic church. 
Question 11. 
Which are the two factions of the Church? 
Answer: 
The Roman Catholic and the Protestant. 
Question 12. 
What were the two main decision made by the Council of Trent? 
Answer: 
The Council of Trent took up steps to enforce strict discipline among the Church 
officials. The sale of Church offices were stopped. It condemned and prohibited Sale of 
Indulgences. Seminars were to be started for imparting education and training to 
priests. The Church should not charge any fees for conducting religious services; 
sermons should be preached in the language of the people. 
 
Question 13. 
Who founded the Society of Jesus? 
Answer: 
Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish nobleman founded the Society of Jesus. 
Question 14. 
What were the important terms of the peace of Augsburg  in 1555? 
Answer: 
The important terms of the peace of Augsburg in 1555 were: 
1. The ruler will have the right to determine his static-religion. 
2. Lutheran subjects in Catholic states in Germany will not be asked to renounce 
their faith. 
Question 15. 
Who heralded the Protestant Movement in Switzerland? 
Answer: 
Ulrich Zwingli heralded the Protestant Movement in Switzerland. 
Question 16. 
What did the Puritans want people to do? 
Answer: 
Puritans condemned and prohibited Sale of Indulgences. Seminaries were to be started 
for importing education and training to priests. The Church should not charge any fees 
for conducting religious services; sermons should be preached in the language of the 
people. 
Question 17. 
Mention the names of two Jesuit missionaries who helped in restoring the prestige of 
the Catholic Church. 
Answer: 
St. Francis Xavier and Loyola. 
Question 18. 
What is meant by the term ‘Nation-State’? 
Answer: 
The Nation State refers to a country with well defined natural boundaries, having people 
with common history, culture and character. 
Question 19. 
How Reformation led to the formation of Nation-States in Europe. 
Answer: 
As the Protestant revolt grew in strength, many rulers who wanted to be freed of 
leading-strings of the Pope sided with Martine Luther or Calvin. Many European kings 
now declared themselves as Head of the Church as well as of the Government. The 
kings had already crushed the feudal lords. Now another great rival of the Crown i.e., 
the Church also submitted to King’s authority. That completed the edifice of a National-
State. 
Question 20. 
What was ‘Mercantilism’? 
Answer: 
Mercantilism meant ‘complete government control over trade, commerce and industry.’ 
Question 21. 
Mention the main point on which Luther and Zwingli disagreed. 
Answer: 
The ‘Lord’s Supper’ was the main point on which Luther and Zwingli disagreed. 
Sturctured Questions 
Question 1. 
The Movement against the Roman Catholic Church is called the Reformation. Discuss 
its causes with reference to the following: 
(a) Sale of Indulgences 
(b) Tithe 
(c) Raising Funds to build St. Peter’s Basilica 
Answer: 
(a) Sale of Indulgences: 
Another way of collecting money was the sale of letters which remitted punishment for 
sin. Those who had money would be made free from doing penance for their sins by 
buying a Letter of Indulgence. The clergy claimed that those who bought the 
Indulgences got remission of their sins by God. 
(b) Tithe: 
The people were required to pay ‘tithe’ (one-tenth of their income) to support churches 
and priests. Besides, the clergy collected another tax called ‘Peter’s pence’ from the 
people. The burden fell mainly on the peasants and the middle class families. 
(c) Raising Funds to build St. Peter’s Basilica: 
Pope Leo X wanted to build St. Peter’s Basilica (Church) with the new architectural 
designs. He sent emissaries to sell Indulgences and to collect funds for the new project. 
John Tetzel, an agent of the Pope, went to Writen berg with the mission of raising sums 
for the building. It provoked Martin Luther. 
 
 
Question 2. 
How did the following causes contribute to the 16th- century Reformation Movement in 
Europe: 
(a) Humanist Movement 
(b) Spread of New Learning 
Answer: 
(a) Humanist Movement: 
The pretensions of the Church was much discredited by Humanist Movement. Reuchlin 
and Erasmus criticised the Church for its corruption and worldly business. Reuchlin 
brought to light many inconsistencies in the interpretation of the Bible that were made 
by theological scholars. The Dutch scholar Erasmus, criticized the conduct of the clergy 
and he wanted them to change their lifestyle. Unfortunately, Pope Leo X could not see 
the danger signal. 
(b) Spread of New Learning: 
The New Learning and the spirit of inquiry that was developed by the Renaissance 
scholars, the invention of printing press and printing of Bible in vernacular languages 
brought a complete change in people’s outlook. They now questioned superiority of the 
Church. It also led to the growth of secular ideas. Nobles and merchants believed that 
there was nothing wrong in acquiring wealth to lead a worldly life. The monarchs and 
capitalists were jealous of the wealth of the Church. The common people in Europe 
looked upon Church- taxes with contempt. 
Question 3. 
Early in the sixteenth century there rose in Germany Martin Luther who became the 
great leader of the Reformation Movement. In this context describe: 
(a) Luther’s Beliefs and Doctrines 
(b) Luther’s Theses 
Answer: 
(a) Luther’s Beliefs and Doctrines: Martin Luther belonged to a peasant family of 
Saxony, in Germany. After his theological education in the University of St. Augustine in 
1505, he was appointed a Professor of Theology at Writenberg University. His thorough 
knowledge of the Bible, led him to believe that man could attain salvation only by 
repentance. Salvation is the Gift of God, and can be had if the penance be done. Luther 
questioned Tetzel’s authority to sell Indulgences and he had at once the moral support 
of many princes and ordinary people alike.He was shocked to learn the worldliness of 
the Pope, the clergy and the spiritual shallowness after he visited Rome. In 1517, he 
nailed on the door of the Castle-Church at Writenberg, ninety-five these is (statements), 
which he thought, people should know and think about carefully. The first thesis was : 
When our Lord and Master Jesus Christ says Repent, he means that the entire life of 
believers should be a repentance ?’’ Luther’s insistence was that, Tetzel was quite 
unscrupulous in his misinterpretation of Scripture. He questioned the power of the Pope 
and priests to forgive sins of all who paid, regardless of whether they sincerely regretted 
their actions.