Selina Textbook Solutions: Endocrine System and Adolescence | Biology Class 8 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Endocrine System and Adolescence 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Cortisone hormone is secreted by: 
1. Medulla of adrenal 
2. Cortex of adrenal 
3. Pancreas 
4. Thyroid 
(b) Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen 
in the liver into glucose: 
1. Insulin 
2. Adrenaline 
3. Glucagon 
4. Thyroxine 
(c) Which one of the following hormones converts excess of glucose into 
glycogen: 
1. Glucagon 
2. Thyroxine 
3. Insulin 
4. Adrenaline 
(d) Which one of the following glands is also called master gland: 
1. Pituitary gland 
2. Adrenal gland 
3. Thyroid gland 
4. Ovary 
(e) The emergency hormone to face the danger or to fight is secreted by: 
1. Islets of Langerhans 
2. Adrenal cortex 
3. Pituitary 
Page 2


Endocrine System and Adolescence 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Cortisone hormone is secreted by: 
1. Medulla of adrenal 
2. Cortex of adrenal 
3. Pancreas 
4. Thyroid 
(b) Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen 
in the liver into glucose: 
1. Insulin 
2. Adrenaline 
3. Glucagon 
4. Thyroxine 
(c) Which one of the following hormones converts excess of glucose into 
glycogen: 
1. Glucagon 
2. Thyroxine 
3. Insulin 
4. Adrenaline 
(d) Which one of the following glands is also called master gland: 
1. Pituitary gland 
2. Adrenal gland 
3. Thyroid gland 
4. Ovary 
(e) The emergency hormone to face the danger or to fight is secreted by: 
1. Islets of Langerhans 
2. Adrenal cortex 
3. Pituitary 
4. Adrenal medulla 
(f) Which one of the following endocrine glands produces its hormone in large 
quantities as a result of emotional stimulation? 
1. Thyroid 
2. Islets of Langerhans 
3. Adrenal medulla 
4. Adrenal cortex 
Adrenal medulla produces its hormone in large quantities as a result of emotional 
stimulation. 
(g) In humans, increased thyroxine production results in (tick the correct answer): 
1. Increased metabolism 
2. Decreased metabolism 
3. Dwarfism 
4. Cretinism 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1. 
What is a hormone? 
Answer: 
The secretions of the endocrine glands are called Hormones, which are poured directly 
into the blood and are carried to the target organs. 
Question 2. 
In table given below, fill in the blanks by naming endocrine glands, the hormones they 
secrete, and the function they perform, in a normal person. 
Answer: 
S.No. Name of the gland produced Function 
1. Thyroid Thyroxine Control of metabolic rate 
2. Pancreas Insulin Regulation of sugar in blood. 
3. Adrenal Adrenaline and cortisone Preparing the body for action 
4. Pituitary (i) Growth hormone 
(ii) Thyroid stimulating 
hormone 
(i) For growth 
(ii) Stimulates thyroid gland to 
secrete thyroxine 
Page 3


Endocrine System and Adolescence 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Cortisone hormone is secreted by: 
1. Medulla of adrenal 
2. Cortex of adrenal 
3. Pancreas 
4. Thyroid 
(b) Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen 
in the liver into glucose: 
1. Insulin 
2. Adrenaline 
3. Glucagon 
4. Thyroxine 
(c) Which one of the following hormones converts excess of glucose into 
glycogen: 
1. Glucagon 
2. Thyroxine 
3. Insulin 
4. Adrenaline 
(d) Which one of the following glands is also called master gland: 
1. Pituitary gland 
2. Adrenal gland 
3. Thyroid gland 
4. Ovary 
(e) The emergency hormone to face the danger or to fight is secreted by: 
1. Islets of Langerhans 
2. Adrenal cortex 
3. Pituitary 
4. Adrenal medulla 
(f) Which one of the following endocrine glands produces its hormone in large 
quantities as a result of emotional stimulation? 
1. Thyroid 
2. Islets of Langerhans 
3. Adrenal medulla 
4. Adrenal cortex 
Adrenal medulla produces its hormone in large quantities as a result of emotional 
stimulation. 
(g) In humans, increased thyroxine production results in (tick the correct answer): 
1. Increased metabolism 
2. Decreased metabolism 
3. Dwarfism 
4. Cretinism 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1. 
What is a hormone? 
Answer: 
The secretions of the endocrine glands are called Hormones, which are poured directly 
into the blood and are carried to the target organs. 
Question 2. 
In table given below, fill in the blanks by naming endocrine glands, the hormones they 
secrete, and the function they perform, in a normal person. 
Answer: 
S.No. Name of the gland produced Function 
1. Thyroid Thyroxine Control of metabolic rate 
2. Pancreas Insulin Regulation of sugar in blood. 
3. Adrenal Adrenaline and cortisone Preparing the body for action 
4. Pituitary (i) Growth hormone 
(ii) Thyroid stimulating 
hormone 
(i) For growth 
(ii) Stimulates thyroid gland to 
secrete thyroxine 
Question 3. 
Match the items in Column A with those in Column B. Column A Column B 
 
Question 4. 
Name the source and the function of each of the following hormones: 
Hormone Source Function 
(a) Glucagon 
(b) Thyroxine 
(c) Adrenaline 
(d) Insulin 
(e) Cortisone 
  
 
Answer: 
Hormone Source Function 
(a) Glucagon Pancreas Breakdown of glycogen to glucose. Raises 
sugar in the blood. 
(b) Thyroxine Thyroid gland Control of metabolic rate 
(c) Adrenaline Adrenal gland Prepare the body to face emergency, stress 
(d) Insulin Pancreas Regulation of sugar in blood. 
(e) Cortisone Adrenal cortex Regulates carbohydrate metabolism. Its 
deficiency causes Addison’s disease. 
Page 4


Endocrine System and Adolescence 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Cortisone hormone is secreted by: 
1. Medulla of adrenal 
2. Cortex of adrenal 
3. Pancreas 
4. Thyroid 
(b) Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen 
in the liver into glucose: 
1. Insulin 
2. Adrenaline 
3. Glucagon 
4. Thyroxine 
(c) Which one of the following hormones converts excess of glucose into 
glycogen: 
1. Glucagon 
2. Thyroxine 
3. Insulin 
4. Adrenaline 
(d) Which one of the following glands is also called master gland: 
1. Pituitary gland 
2. Adrenal gland 
3. Thyroid gland 
4. Ovary 
(e) The emergency hormone to face the danger or to fight is secreted by: 
1. Islets of Langerhans 
2. Adrenal cortex 
3. Pituitary 
4. Adrenal medulla 
(f) Which one of the following endocrine glands produces its hormone in large 
quantities as a result of emotional stimulation? 
1. Thyroid 
2. Islets of Langerhans 
3. Adrenal medulla 
4. Adrenal cortex 
Adrenal medulla produces its hormone in large quantities as a result of emotional 
stimulation. 
(g) In humans, increased thyroxine production results in (tick the correct answer): 
1. Increased metabolism 
2. Decreased metabolism 
3. Dwarfism 
4. Cretinism 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1. 
What is a hormone? 
Answer: 
The secretions of the endocrine glands are called Hormones, which are poured directly 
into the blood and are carried to the target organs. 
Question 2. 
In table given below, fill in the blanks by naming endocrine glands, the hormones they 
secrete, and the function they perform, in a normal person. 
Answer: 
S.No. Name of the gland produced Function 
1. Thyroid Thyroxine Control of metabolic rate 
2. Pancreas Insulin Regulation of sugar in blood. 
3. Adrenal Adrenaline and cortisone Preparing the body for action 
4. Pituitary (i) Growth hormone 
(ii) Thyroid stimulating 
hormone 
(i) For growth 
(ii) Stimulates thyroid gland to 
secrete thyroxine 
Question 3. 
Match the items in Column A with those in Column B. Column A Column B 
 
Question 4. 
Name the source and the function of each of the following hormones: 
Hormone Source Function 
(a) Glucagon 
(b) Thyroxine 
(c) Adrenaline 
(d) Insulin 
(e) Cortisone 
  
 
Answer: 
Hormone Source Function 
(a) Glucagon Pancreas Breakdown of glycogen to glucose. Raises 
sugar in the blood. 
(b) Thyroxine Thyroid gland Control of metabolic rate 
(c) Adrenaline Adrenal gland Prepare the body to face emergency, stress 
(d) Insulin Pancreas Regulation of sugar in blood. 
(e) Cortisone Adrenal cortex Regulates carbohydrate metabolism. Its 
deficiency causes Addison’s disease. 
 
Question 5. 
What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland? 
Answer: 
The salivary glands, pancreas, etc., are exocrine glands, they send their secretions 
through ducts directly to the target orgOn the other hand, the endocrine glands are 
ductless glands. Their secretions are called hormones, which are poured directly into 
the blood and are thus carried to the target organs. 
Question 6. 
Why is pitnitary gland is called “master gland”? 
Answer: 
The pituitary gland is called “master gland” because it produces hormones that control 
other glands and many body functions including growth (growth hormone, Thyroid and 
Gonad stimulating hormone). 
Question 7. 
Briefly write about the importance of physical hygiene during adolescence. 
Answer: 
Physical hygiene also named as Personal hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining 
healthy during adolescence. The teenager should follow the below mentioned activities 
to promote their health: 
1. Proper and Safe Food: Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and development. 
Hence, a teenager should take proper care of their diet. They should take proper 
balanced diet that provides protiens, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. 
They should take freshly prepared food and avoid stale food. They should take 
milk, fruits and fresh vegetables. 
2. Proper life Style: Regular Exercise and sleep are necessary for maintaining good 
health. Teenager should avoid long hours of continous table work, television 
watching. Teenager should not consume alcohol, drugs or smoking. 
3. Cleanliness: Teenager should take bath regularly. They should always wash their 
hands before and after having meals. Brushing up teeths after every meal. They 
should always change and wear washed clothes especially undergarments. 
Regular toilet habits should be adopted for maintaining good health. Teenager 
must keep their feet cleaned and protected. Injuries due to bacteria like tetanus, 
hookworms and insects may be issued if barefoot walk is undertaken. They must 
wash and comb their hairs regularly. All body parts must be washed and cleaned 
everyday. If cleanliness is not maintained there may occur chances of catching 
bacterial infection. Girls should take special care of cleanliness during the time of 
menstrual period. 
4. Physical Exercise: Inorder to keep the body fit and healthy, teenager’s should 
walk, exercise and play outdoor games regularly in fresh air. Playing Outdoor 
games reduces the stress and strain of adolescence. 
Page 5


Endocrine System and Adolescence 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Cortisone hormone is secreted by: 
1. Medulla of adrenal 
2. Cortex of adrenal 
3. Pancreas 
4. Thyroid 
(b) Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen 
in the liver into glucose: 
1. Insulin 
2. Adrenaline 
3. Glucagon 
4. Thyroxine 
(c) Which one of the following hormones converts excess of glucose into 
glycogen: 
1. Glucagon 
2. Thyroxine 
3. Insulin 
4. Adrenaline 
(d) Which one of the following glands is also called master gland: 
1. Pituitary gland 
2. Adrenal gland 
3. Thyroid gland 
4. Ovary 
(e) The emergency hormone to face the danger or to fight is secreted by: 
1. Islets of Langerhans 
2. Adrenal cortex 
3. Pituitary 
4. Adrenal medulla 
(f) Which one of the following endocrine glands produces its hormone in large 
quantities as a result of emotional stimulation? 
1. Thyroid 
2. Islets of Langerhans 
3. Adrenal medulla 
4. Adrenal cortex 
Adrenal medulla produces its hormone in large quantities as a result of emotional 
stimulation. 
(g) In humans, increased thyroxine production results in (tick the correct answer): 
1. Increased metabolism 
2. Decreased metabolism 
3. Dwarfism 
4. Cretinism 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1. 
What is a hormone? 
Answer: 
The secretions of the endocrine glands are called Hormones, which are poured directly 
into the blood and are carried to the target organs. 
Question 2. 
In table given below, fill in the blanks by naming endocrine glands, the hormones they 
secrete, and the function they perform, in a normal person. 
Answer: 
S.No. Name of the gland produced Function 
1. Thyroid Thyroxine Control of metabolic rate 
2. Pancreas Insulin Regulation of sugar in blood. 
3. Adrenal Adrenaline and cortisone Preparing the body for action 
4. Pituitary (i) Growth hormone 
(ii) Thyroid stimulating 
hormone 
(i) For growth 
(ii) Stimulates thyroid gland to 
secrete thyroxine 
Question 3. 
Match the items in Column A with those in Column B. Column A Column B 
 
Question 4. 
Name the source and the function of each of the following hormones: 
Hormone Source Function 
(a) Glucagon 
(b) Thyroxine 
(c) Adrenaline 
(d) Insulin 
(e) Cortisone 
  
 
Answer: 
Hormone Source Function 
(a) Glucagon Pancreas Breakdown of glycogen to glucose. Raises 
sugar in the blood. 
(b) Thyroxine Thyroid gland Control of metabolic rate 
(c) Adrenaline Adrenal gland Prepare the body to face emergency, stress 
(d) Insulin Pancreas Regulation of sugar in blood. 
(e) Cortisone Adrenal cortex Regulates carbohydrate metabolism. Its 
deficiency causes Addison’s disease. 
 
Question 5. 
What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland? 
Answer: 
The salivary glands, pancreas, etc., are exocrine glands, they send their secretions 
through ducts directly to the target orgOn the other hand, the endocrine glands are 
ductless glands. Their secretions are called hormones, which are poured directly into 
the blood and are thus carried to the target organs. 
Question 6. 
Why is pitnitary gland is called “master gland”? 
Answer: 
The pituitary gland is called “master gland” because it produces hormones that control 
other glands and many body functions including growth (growth hormone, Thyroid and 
Gonad stimulating hormone). 
Question 7. 
Briefly write about the importance of physical hygiene during adolescence. 
Answer: 
Physical hygiene also named as Personal hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining 
healthy during adolescence. The teenager should follow the below mentioned activities 
to promote their health: 
1. Proper and Safe Food: Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and development. 
Hence, a teenager should take proper care of their diet. They should take proper 
balanced diet that provides protiens, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. 
They should take freshly prepared food and avoid stale food. They should take 
milk, fruits and fresh vegetables. 
2. Proper life Style: Regular Exercise and sleep are necessary for maintaining good 
health. Teenager should avoid long hours of continous table work, television 
watching. Teenager should not consume alcohol, drugs or smoking. 
3. Cleanliness: Teenager should take bath regularly. They should always wash their 
hands before and after having meals. Brushing up teeths after every meal. They 
should always change and wear washed clothes especially undergarments. 
Regular toilet habits should be adopted for maintaining good health. Teenager 
must keep their feet cleaned and protected. Injuries due to bacteria like tetanus, 
hookworms and insects may be issued if barefoot walk is undertaken. They must 
wash and comb their hairs regularly. All body parts must be washed and cleaned 
everyday. If cleanliness is not maintained there may occur chances of catching 
bacterial infection. Girls should take special care of cleanliness during the time of 
menstrual period. 
4. Physical Exercise: Inorder to keep the body fit and healthy, teenager’s should 
walk, exercise and play outdoor games regularly in fresh air. Playing Outdoor 
games reduces the stress and strain of adolescence. 
Question 8. 
Briefly discuss any four activities which can be practiced to overcome stress. 
Answer: 
Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain and in simple terms it is called as tension. 
The stress can be controlled or reduced by following the below mentioned steps: 
1. Yoga: It is a mind-body practice that combines physical poses, controlled 
breathing, and meditation or relaxation. Yoga helps in reducing steps by: 
(a) Increasing Flexibility 
(b) Increasing muiscle strength and tone. 
(c) Improving respiration, energy and vitality. 
2. Exercise: Exercise or Running or Jogging for 30 to 45 minutes at least three 
times a week reduce stress and keep’s the body much healthier. 
3. Proper sleep schedule: Improving your sleep schedule also helps in reducing the 
stress. 
4. Reading is a great way to calm your mind and to gain more knowledge. 
5. Practice Hobbies of your interest: One should must keep practicing their 
hobbies as it helps in reducing the stress. Enjoy playing guitar, paino or listening 
music or doing riddles. 
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS 
I. Multiple choice questions. Tick (?) the correct choice: 
1. Chemical control in organisms is brought about by 
1. enzymes 
2. neurons 
3. hormones 
4. all the above. 
2. Master endocrine gland 
1. thyroid 
2. pituitary 
3. pancreas 
4. adrenal 
3. The hormone thyroxine is secreted by 
1. pituitary gland 
2. adrenal gland 
3. thyroid gland 
4. pancreas