Selina Textbook Solutions: Traders to Rulers (II) | History Class 8 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Traders to Rulers (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The British had to face the challenge of the rulers 
of Hyderabad and Mysore, Marathas after the conquest of Bengal. 
2. The new Nizam of Hyderabad, Salabat Jung initially had cordial relations with the 
English. 
3. Lord Wellesley made the Nizam of Hyderabad enter the Subsidiary 
Alliance system. 
4. The English fought four wars with rulers of Mysore, known as Anglo-Mysore 
wars. 
5. It took the British 43 years to defeat the Marathas in three Anglo-Maratha wars. 
6. Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh on basis of misgovernance. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
Column A                                 Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
 
 
 
Page 2


Traders to Rulers (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The British had to face the challenge of the rulers 
of Hyderabad and Mysore, Marathas after the conquest of Bengal. 
2. The new Nizam of Hyderabad, Salabat Jung initially had cordial relations with the 
English. 
3. Lord Wellesley made the Nizam of Hyderabad enter the Subsidiary 
Alliance system. 
4. The English fought four wars with rulers of Mysore, known as Anglo-Mysore 
wars. 
5. It took the British 43 years to defeat the Marathas in three Anglo-Maratha wars. 
6. Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh on basis of misgovernance. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
Column A                                 Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
 
 
 
III. State whether the following statements are True or False: 
1. The Subsidiary Alliance system was started by Lord Cornwallis. 
False. 
2. The capture of the port of Mahe by the British led to the Second Anglo-Mysore 
War in 1780 
True. 
3. Tipu won a great battle against his three enemies, the English, Nizam and the 
Marathas in 1792 
False. 
4. The war of succession among the Marathas in 1772 gave a chance to the English 
to interfere in Maratha politics. 
True. 
5. The Second Anglo-Maratha war was fought when Lord Wellesley was the 
Governor General of India. 
True. 
6. Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed under the pretext of misgovernance. 
False. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
Question 1. 
What were the results of the First Anglo-Mysore War? 
Answer: 
The Marathas, the Nizam and the British marched towards Mysore. But Hyder won over 
the Marathas and the Nizam. The British were isolated. Haider won after some 
setbacks. He forced the British to sign a peace treaty in 1769, according to which both 
Haider and the British agreed to help each other in case of any attack by a third power. 
Question 2. 
How did the British force win the Third Anglo-Mysore War? 
Answer: 
In the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) the company won the support of two other 
powers – the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. Tipu Sultan was completely 
defeated by these three joint powers and was forced to sign the Treaty of 
Seringapattam in 1792. According to the terms of this treaty Tipu had to surrender half 
of his territories which were to be shared between the British, the Nizam and the 
Marathas. Tipu also had to pay a war indemnity of ruppees 3.3 crore. Two of his sons 
were taken hostages. 
Question 3. 
What were the causes of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War? What were its results? 
Answer: 
The Treaty of Seringapattam was short lived. Lord Wellesley, the Governor General 
wanted the ruler of Mysore, Tipu to accept the Subsidiary Alliance but Tipu refused to 
Page 3


Traders to Rulers (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The British had to face the challenge of the rulers 
of Hyderabad and Mysore, Marathas after the conquest of Bengal. 
2. The new Nizam of Hyderabad, Salabat Jung initially had cordial relations with the 
English. 
3. Lord Wellesley made the Nizam of Hyderabad enter the Subsidiary 
Alliance system. 
4. The English fought four wars with rulers of Mysore, known as Anglo-Mysore 
wars. 
5. It took the British 43 years to defeat the Marathas in three Anglo-Maratha wars. 
6. Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh on basis of misgovernance. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
Column A                                 Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
 
 
 
III. State whether the following statements are True or False: 
1. The Subsidiary Alliance system was started by Lord Cornwallis. 
False. 
2. The capture of the port of Mahe by the British led to the Second Anglo-Mysore 
War in 1780 
True. 
3. Tipu won a great battle against his three enemies, the English, Nizam and the 
Marathas in 1792 
False. 
4. The war of succession among the Marathas in 1772 gave a chance to the English 
to interfere in Maratha politics. 
True. 
5. The Second Anglo-Maratha war was fought when Lord Wellesley was the 
Governor General of India. 
True. 
6. Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed under the pretext of misgovernance. 
False. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
Question 1. 
What were the results of the First Anglo-Mysore War? 
Answer: 
The Marathas, the Nizam and the British marched towards Mysore. But Hyder won over 
the Marathas and the Nizam. The British were isolated. Haider won after some 
setbacks. He forced the British to sign a peace treaty in 1769, according to which both 
Haider and the British agreed to help each other in case of any attack by a third power. 
Question 2. 
How did the British force win the Third Anglo-Mysore War? 
Answer: 
In the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) the company won the support of two other 
powers – the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. Tipu Sultan was completely 
defeated by these three joint powers and was forced to sign the Treaty of 
Seringapattam in 1792. According to the terms of this treaty Tipu had to surrender half 
of his territories which were to be shared between the British, the Nizam and the 
Marathas. Tipu also had to pay a war indemnity of ruppees 3.3 crore. Two of his sons 
were taken hostages. 
Question 3. 
What were the causes of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War? What were its results? 
Answer: 
The Treaty of Seringapattam was short lived. Lord Wellesley, the Governor General 
wanted the ruler of Mysore, Tipu to accept the Subsidiary Alliance but Tipu refused to 
do so. Tipu sought French help. The British feared that the French might land in support 
of Tipu. So in 1799, the British went to war against Tipu. The Nizam joined the British 
but the Marathas remained neutral and the French support never came. Tipu was killed 
in the battle on 4th May 1799. 
Question 4. 
Name the four different centres of Maratha power. 
Answer: 
The four different centres of Maratha power were Bhonsle at Nagpur, Scindia at 
Gwalior, Peshwa at Pune and Holkar at Indore. 
Question 5. 
What were the causes and results of the First Anglo-Maratha War? When was it fought? 
Answer: 
In 1772, a war of succession followed for the seat of Peshwaship after the death of 
Peshwa Madhav Rao I between Raghoba and Madhav Rao II. The English sided with 
Raghoba. Marathas led by Nana Phadnavis supported Madhav Rao II. An indecisive 
war broke out and continued for seven years. It ended in 1782 with the signing of the 
Treaty of Salbai. Under this Madhav Rao II was recognised as Peshwa and the 
Marathas had to cede Salsette. Peace prevailed between the Marathas and the British 
for 20 years. 
Question 6. 
Who was the Governor-General of India during the Second Anglo-Maratha War? What 
was the significance of this battle? 
Answer: 
The Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought when Lord Wellesley was the Governor 
General of India. In 1803 Baji Rao II signed with the English East India Company a 
Subsidiary Alliance known as Treaty of Bassein. As a result the English installed Baji 
Rao II at Pune and helped to drive out the Holkars. The Maratha chiefs Scindia and 
Bhonsle refused to accept the system of Subsidiary Alliance and declared war against 
the British. But the British defeated the combined forces of Scindia and Bhonsle. They 
were forced to enter into the Subsidiary Alliance with the English. They ceded the 
territories of Ahmednagar, Broach, Cuttack and Balasore. This war gave a blow to the 
power and prestige of the Marathas. 
Question 7. 
Why was the Third Anglo-Maratha War fought? What were its results? 
Answer: 
The Third Anglo Maratha War was fought in (AD 1817-1818) because the Maratha 
chiefs were feeling humiliated after signing the Subsidiary Alliance with the British. 
Peshwa Baji Rao II began to make plans to unite the Marathas against the British. This 
war was fought during the Governor Generalship of Marquess Hastings. When Lord 
Hastings became aware of Baji Rao’s plans he forced him to sign the Treaty of Pune in 
1817. According to it, Konkan was ceded and Baji Rao II renounced Maratha 
Page 4


Traders to Rulers (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The British had to face the challenge of the rulers 
of Hyderabad and Mysore, Marathas after the conquest of Bengal. 
2. The new Nizam of Hyderabad, Salabat Jung initially had cordial relations with the 
English. 
3. Lord Wellesley made the Nizam of Hyderabad enter the Subsidiary 
Alliance system. 
4. The English fought four wars with rulers of Mysore, known as Anglo-Mysore 
wars. 
5. It took the British 43 years to defeat the Marathas in three Anglo-Maratha wars. 
6. Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh on basis of misgovernance. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
Column A                                 Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
 
 
 
III. State whether the following statements are True or False: 
1. The Subsidiary Alliance system was started by Lord Cornwallis. 
False. 
2. The capture of the port of Mahe by the British led to the Second Anglo-Mysore 
War in 1780 
True. 
3. Tipu won a great battle against his three enemies, the English, Nizam and the 
Marathas in 1792 
False. 
4. The war of succession among the Marathas in 1772 gave a chance to the English 
to interfere in Maratha politics. 
True. 
5. The Second Anglo-Maratha war was fought when Lord Wellesley was the 
Governor General of India. 
True. 
6. Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed under the pretext of misgovernance. 
False. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
Question 1. 
What were the results of the First Anglo-Mysore War? 
Answer: 
The Marathas, the Nizam and the British marched towards Mysore. But Hyder won over 
the Marathas and the Nizam. The British were isolated. Haider won after some 
setbacks. He forced the British to sign a peace treaty in 1769, according to which both 
Haider and the British agreed to help each other in case of any attack by a third power. 
Question 2. 
How did the British force win the Third Anglo-Mysore War? 
Answer: 
In the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) the company won the support of two other 
powers – the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. Tipu Sultan was completely 
defeated by these three joint powers and was forced to sign the Treaty of 
Seringapattam in 1792. According to the terms of this treaty Tipu had to surrender half 
of his territories which were to be shared between the British, the Nizam and the 
Marathas. Tipu also had to pay a war indemnity of ruppees 3.3 crore. Two of his sons 
were taken hostages. 
Question 3. 
What were the causes of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War? What were its results? 
Answer: 
The Treaty of Seringapattam was short lived. Lord Wellesley, the Governor General 
wanted the ruler of Mysore, Tipu to accept the Subsidiary Alliance but Tipu refused to 
do so. Tipu sought French help. The British feared that the French might land in support 
of Tipu. So in 1799, the British went to war against Tipu. The Nizam joined the British 
but the Marathas remained neutral and the French support never came. Tipu was killed 
in the battle on 4th May 1799. 
Question 4. 
Name the four different centres of Maratha power. 
Answer: 
The four different centres of Maratha power were Bhonsle at Nagpur, Scindia at 
Gwalior, Peshwa at Pune and Holkar at Indore. 
Question 5. 
What were the causes and results of the First Anglo-Maratha War? When was it fought? 
Answer: 
In 1772, a war of succession followed for the seat of Peshwaship after the death of 
Peshwa Madhav Rao I between Raghoba and Madhav Rao II. The English sided with 
Raghoba. Marathas led by Nana Phadnavis supported Madhav Rao II. An indecisive 
war broke out and continued for seven years. It ended in 1782 with the signing of the 
Treaty of Salbai. Under this Madhav Rao II was recognised as Peshwa and the 
Marathas had to cede Salsette. Peace prevailed between the Marathas and the British 
for 20 years. 
Question 6. 
Who was the Governor-General of India during the Second Anglo-Maratha War? What 
was the significance of this battle? 
Answer: 
The Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought when Lord Wellesley was the Governor 
General of India. In 1803 Baji Rao II signed with the English East India Company a 
Subsidiary Alliance known as Treaty of Bassein. As a result the English installed Baji 
Rao II at Pune and helped to drive out the Holkars. The Maratha chiefs Scindia and 
Bhonsle refused to accept the system of Subsidiary Alliance and declared war against 
the British. But the British defeated the combined forces of Scindia and Bhonsle. They 
were forced to enter into the Subsidiary Alliance with the English. They ceded the 
territories of Ahmednagar, Broach, Cuttack and Balasore. This war gave a blow to the 
power and prestige of the Marathas. 
Question 7. 
Why was the Third Anglo-Maratha War fought? What were its results? 
Answer: 
The Third Anglo Maratha War was fought in (AD 1817-1818) because the Maratha 
chiefs were feeling humiliated after signing the Subsidiary Alliance with the British. 
Peshwa Baji Rao II began to make plans to unite the Marathas against the British. This 
war was fought during the Governor Generalship of Marquess Hastings. When Lord 
Hastings became aware of Baji Rao’s plans he forced him to sign the Treaty of Pune in 
1817. According to it, Konkan was ceded and Baji Rao II renounced Maratha 
leadership. Scindia was forced to sign the Treaty of Gwalior and provide help to the 
British against the Pindaris. 
The Marathas made their last attempt to regain their old prestige and independence. 
They declared war against English. Baji Rao II raised a huge army and attacked the 
British Residency at Poona in 1817. The war continued for about two years. Finally the 
Marathas were defeated and large parts of their territories were annexed by the British. 
The Third Anglo – Maratha War led to the abolition of Peshwa’s hereditary office. The 
Maratha dream of building a Hindu empire was completely shattered and the British 
emerged as the unchallenged power in India. 
Question 8. 
State very briefly why the Marathas failed against the British. 
Answer: 
The Marathas were inferior to the English in material sources, military organisation, 
diplomacy and leadership. The Maratha state was despotic and feudal. It was a loose 
confederation of different powers – the Holkar, Bhonsle, Scindhia – headed by the 
Peshwa. The Marathas were careless about military intelligence whereas the British had 
superior espionage system. The Marathas did not possess any national sentiment. The 
internal jealously and selfish treachery among them triumphed over national interest. 
The Marathas lacked men of talent and leadership in later years. They were in disarray 
in all aspects. 
Question 9. 
Explain the doctrine of Lapse. Name the other methods used by Lord Dalhousie to 
expand the British power in India. 
Answer: 
According to Doctrine of Lapse if the ruler of a dependent state died without leaving a 
natural heir the state would automatically pass over to the British. The Doctrine of Lapse 
did not recognise adopted children as rightful heirs. Satara, Jaitpur, Baghat, Udaipur, 
Sambhalpur, Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse. Punjab 
was annexed through war. Awadh was annexed by Dalhousie on the basis of 
misgovemance. 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 5


Traders to Rulers (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The British had to face the challenge of the rulers 
of Hyderabad and Mysore, Marathas after the conquest of Bengal. 
2. The new Nizam of Hyderabad, Salabat Jung initially had cordial relations with the 
English. 
3. Lord Wellesley made the Nizam of Hyderabad enter the Subsidiary 
Alliance system. 
4. The English fought four wars with rulers of Mysore, known as Anglo-Mysore 
wars. 
5. It took the British 43 years to defeat the Marathas in three Anglo-Maratha wars. 
6. Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh on basis of misgovernance. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
Column A                                 Column B 
 
 
Answer: 
 
 
 
III. State whether the following statements are True or False: 
1. The Subsidiary Alliance system was started by Lord Cornwallis. 
False. 
2. The capture of the port of Mahe by the British led to the Second Anglo-Mysore 
War in 1780 
True. 
3. Tipu won a great battle against his three enemies, the English, Nizam and the 
Marathas in 1792 
False. 
4. The war of succession among the Marathas in 1772 gave a chance to the English 
to interfere in Maratha politics. 
True. 
5. The Second Anglo-Maratha war was fought when Lord Wellesley was the 
Governor General of India. 
True. 
6. Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed under the pretext of misgovernance. 
False. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
Question 1. 
What were the results of the First Anglo-Mysore War? 
Answer: 
The Marathas, the Nizam and the British marched towards Mysore. But Hyder won over 
the Marathas and the Nizam. The British were isolated. Haider won after some 
setbacks. He forced the British to sign a peace treaty in 1769, according to which both 
Haider and the British agreed to help each other in case of any attack by a third power. 
Question 2. 
How did the British force win the Third Anglo-Mysore War? 
Answer: 
In the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) the company won the support of two other 
powers – the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. Tipu Sultan was completely 
defeated by these three joint powers and was forced to sign the Treaty of 
Seringapattam in 1792. According to the terms of this treaty Tipu had to surrender half 
of his territories which were to be shared between the British, the Nizam and the 
Marathas. Tipu also had to pay a war indemnity of ruppees 3.3 crore. Two of his sons 
were taken hostages. 
Question 3. 
What were the causes of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War? What were its results? 
Answer: 
The Treaty of Seringapattam was short lived. Lord Wellesley, the Governor General 
wanted the ruler of Mysore, Tipu to accept the Subsidiary Alliance but Tipu refused to 
do so. Tipu sought French help. The British feared that the French might land in support 
of Tipu. So in 1799, the British went to war against Tipu. The Nizam joined the British 
but the Marathas remained neutral and the French support never came. Tipu was killed 
in the battle on 4th May 1799. 
Question 4. 
Name the four different centres of Maratha power. 
Answer: 
The four different centres of Maratha power were Bhonsle at Nagpur, Scindia at 
Gwalior, Peshwa at Pune and Holkar at Indore. 
Question 5. 
What were the causes and results of the First Anglo-Maratha War? When was it fought? 
Answer: 
In 1772, a war of succession followed for the seat of Peshwaship after the death of 
Peshwa Madhav Rao I between Raghoba and Madhav Rao II. The English sided with 
Raghoba. Marathas led by Nana Phadnavis supported Madhav Rao II. An indecisive 
war broke out and continued for seven years. It ended in 1782 with the signing of the 
Treaty of Salbai. Under this Madhav Rao II was recognised as Peshwa and the 
Marathas had to cede Salsette. Peace prevailed between the Marathas and the British 
for 20 years. 
Question 6. 
Who was the Governor-General of India during the Second Anglo-Maratha War? What 
was the significance of this battle? 
Answer: 
The Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought when Lord Wellesley was the Governor 
General of India. In 1803 Baji Rao II signed with the English East India Company a 
Subsidiary Alliance known as Treaty of Bassein. As a result the English installed Baji 
Rao II at Pune and helped to drive out the Holkars. The Maratha chiefs Scindia and 
Bhonsle refused to accept the system of Subsidiary Alliance and declared war against 
the British. But the British defeated the combined forces of Scindia and Bhonsle. They 
were forced to enter into the Subsidiary Alliance with the English. They ceded the 
territories of Ahmednagar, Broach, Cuttack and Balasore. This war gave a blow to the 
power and prestige of the Marathas. 
Question 7. 
Why was the Third Anglo-Maratha War fought? What were its results? 
Answer: 
The Third Anglo Maratha War was fought in (AD 1817-1818) because the Maratha 
chiefs were feeling humiliated after signing the Subsidiary Alliance with the British. 
Peshwa Baji Rao II began to make plans to unite the Marathas against the British. This 
war was fought during the Governor Generalship of Marquess Hastings. When Lord 
Hastings became aware of Baji Rao’s plans he forced him to sign the Treaty of Pune in 
1817. According to it, Konkan was ceded and Baji Rao II renounced Maratha 
leadership. Scindia was forced to sign the Treaty of Gwalior and provide help to the 
British against the Pindaris. 
The Marathas made their last attempt to regain their old prestige and independence. 
They declared war against English. Baji Rao II raised a huge army and attacked the 
British Residency at Poona in 1817. The war continued for about two years. Finally the 
Marathas were defeated and large parts of their territories were annexed by the British. 
The Third Anglo – Maratha War led to the abolition of Peshwa’s hereditary office. The 
Maratha dream of building a Hindu empire was completely shattered and the British 
emerged as the unchallenged power in India. 
Question 8. 
State very briefly why the Marathas failed against the British. 
Answer: 
The Marathas were inferior to the English in material sources, military organisation, 
diplomacy and leadership. The Maratha state was despotic and feudal. It was a loose 
confederation of different powers – the Holkar, Bhonsle, Scindhia – headed by the 
Peshwa. The Marathas were careless about military intelligence whereas the British had 
superior espionage system. The Marathas did not possess any national sentiment. The 
internal jealously and selfish treachery among them triumphed over national interest. 
The Marathas lacked men of talent and leadership in later years. They were in disarray 
in all aspects. 
Question 9. 
Explain the doctrine of Lapse. Name the other methods used by Lord Dalhousie to 
expand the British power in India. 
Answer: 
According to Doctrine of Lapse if the ruler of a dependent state died without leaving a 
natural heir the state would automatically pass over to the British. The Doctrine of Lapse 
did not recognise adopted children as rightful heirs. Satara, Jaitpur, Baghat, Udaipur, 
Sambhalpur, Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse. Punjab 
was annexed through war. Awadh was annexed by Dalhousie on the basis of 
misgovemance. 
 
 
 
 
 
V. Word Hunt 
Given below is a grid. Look for names of places which Dalhousie annexed. You have to 
look vertically, horizontally and diagonally. In total there are 8 places. After you have 
found out these places, write down why these were annexed. 
Answer: 
 
VI. Picture Study – 
This is a picture depicting the first Anglo-Sikh War. 
 
Question 1. 
What was the political condition of Punjab after the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh? 
Answer: 
After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh there was a state of political instability in the 
Punjab. For six years there was conflict among various claimants to the throne.