Selina Textbook Solutions: Struggle for Freedom (II) | History Class 8 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Struggle for Freedom (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Swaraj Party was led by CR. Das and Motilal Nehru. 
2. All India Trade Union Congress was founded by N.M. Joshi in 1920. 
3. The Quit India Movement took place in the year 1942. 
4. Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934. 
5. The chairman of the Simon Commission was Sir John Simon. 
6. The Congress session of March 1940 was presided over by Maulana Abul Kalam 
Azab. 
7. Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc in 1939. 
8. “Diii Chalo” and “Jal Hind” were two slogans given to us by Netaji Subhash 
Chandra Bose. 
9. Lord Mountbatten came to India in 1947 as Viceroy. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
 
Ans 
 
Page 2


Struggle for Freedom (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Swaraj Party was led by CR. Das and Motilal Nehru. 
2. All India Trade Union Congress was founded by N.M. Joshi in 1920. 
3. The Quit India Movement took place in the year 1942. 
4. Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934. 
5. The chairman of the Simon Commission was Sir John Simon. 
6. The Congress session of March 1940 was presided over by Maulana Abul Kalam 
Azab. 
7. Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc in 1939. 
8. “Diii Chalo” and “Jal Hind” were two slogans given to us by Netaji Subhash 
Chandra Bose. 
9. Lord Mountbatten came to India in 1947 as Viceroy. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
 
Ans 
 
 
III. State whether the following statements are True or False: 
1. The Charkha was a symbol of progress. 
True. 
2. The Congress participated in the first Round Table Conference. 
False. 
3. The Congress swept the polls in 8 provinces in the 1937 elections. 
True. 
4. Sir Stafford Cripps was an American officer sent to India. 
False. 
5. Netaji started the Quit India movement 
False. 
6. It was because of British presence in India that the country was made a target for 
Japanese attack. 
True. 
7. Netaji was the commander of the Indian National Army. 
True. 
8. In 1956, the British government announced its decision to quit India. 
False. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
 
Question 1. 
Discuss the main aspects of the Non-Cooperation Movement. 
Answer: 
The growing antagonism of the Indians towards the British led to Khilafat and Non-
Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji looked upon the Khilafat agitation as an opportunity of 
uniting Hindus and Muslims as would not arise in a hundred years. The Noncooperation 
Movement was named so because it decided not to cooperate with the Government by 
renunication of titles, boycott of legislature, resigning from government jobs, lawyers 
leaving courts, students leaving British schools and colleges, boycott of British Goods 
and other activities. People refused to pay taxes, no longer recognising government as 
legitimate. 
Question 2. 
How and when did the Civil Disobedience Movement start? How did the government 
suppress it? 
Answer: 
Civil Disobedience Movement was started on 12 March, 1930 when Gandhiji marched 
from his Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat to Dandi (375 km from Ahmedabad). He carried 
on this march with 78 followers to break the Salt Law. He defied this law by picking up a 
handful of Salt formed by the evaporation of Sea water. 
This gave a start to the Civil Disobedience movement all over the country. Women also 
participated in this movement. It spread as far as N.W. Frontier province where it was 
led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan who is popularly known as the Frontier Gandhi. The 
Page 3


Struggle for Freedom (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Swaraj Party was led by CR. Das and Motilal Nehru. 
2. All India Trade Union Congress was founded by N.M. Joshi in 1920. 
3. The Quit India Movement took place in the year 1942. 
4. Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934. 
5. The chairman of the Simon Commission was Sir John Simon. 
6. The Congress session of March 1940 was presided over by Maulana Abul Kalam 
Azab. 
7. Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc in 1939. 
8. “Diii Chalo” and “Jal Hind” were two slogans given to us by Netaji Subhash 
Chandra Bose. 
9. Lord Mountbatten came to India in 1947 as Viceroy. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
 
Ans 
 
 
III. State whether the following statements are True or False: 
1. The Charkha was a symbol of progress. 
True. 
2. The Congress participated in the first Round Table Conference. 
False. 
3. The Congress swept the polls in 8 provinces in the 1937 elections. 
True. 
4. Sir Stafford Cripps was an American officer sent to India. 
False. 
5. Netaji started the Quit India movement 
False. 
6. It was because of British presence in India that the country was made a target for 
Japanese attack. 
True. 
7. Netaji was the commander of the Indian National Army. 
True. 
8. In 1956, the British government announced its decision to quit India. 
False. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
 
Question 1. 
Discuss the main aspects of the Non-Cooperation Movement. 
Answer: 
The growing antagonism of the Indians towards the British led to Khilafat and Non-
Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji looked upon the Khilafat agitation as an opportunity of 
uniting Hindus and Muslims as would not arise in a hundred years. The Noncooperation 
Movement was named so because it decided not to cooperate with the Government by 
renunication of titles, boycott of legislature, resigning from government jobs, lawyers 
leaving courts, students leaving British schools and colleges, boycott of British Goods 
and other activities. People refused to pay taxes, no longer recognising government as 
legitimate. 
Question 2. 
How and when did the Civil Disobedience Movement start? How did the government 
suppress it? 
Answer: 
Civil Disobedience Movement was started on 12 March, 1930 when Gandhiji marched 
from his Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat to Dandi (375 km from Ahmedabad). He carried 
on this march with 78 followers to break the Salt Law. He defied this law by picking up a 
handful of Salt formed by the evaporation of Sea water. 
This gave a start to the Civil Disobedience movement all over the country. Women also 
participated in this movement. It spread as far as N.W. Frontier province where it was 
led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan who is popularly known as the Frontier Gandhi. The 
Government tried to suppress it with a stem hand. The British declared the congress 
illegal. There was uprising all over the country followed by refusal to pay Chaukidari Tax 
and defiance of forest law. Lakhs of Indians offered Satyagraha. Foreign goods were 
boycotted and peasants refused to pay 
Question 3. 
Why did the Congress pass the Quit India Resolution? How did the government react to 
it? 
Answer: 
The All India Congress Committe met at Bombay on August 8, 1942 and passed the 
Quit India Resolution. After the Cripps Mission failed, this great Mass struggle for 
Independence was launched by the Congress. It was the greatest mass challenge to 
the British authority. It shook the foundations of the British Rule. 
Gandhiji declared, “I therefore want freedom immediately, this very night before dawn if 
it can be had.” He also gave a mantra ‘Do or Die”. He said ‘We shall either free India or 
die in the attempt.’ 
The movement was the greatest mass challenge to the British authority. It shook the 
foundations of the British rule in India and showed the British that the masses had 
immense capacity to suffer and die for the cause of freedom. The government soon 
arrested all leaders and declared Congress illegal. The government resorted to stem 
measures to suppress the movement. 
Question 4. 
Discuss the main features of the Government of India Act, 1935. 
Answer: 
The Act provided for the establishment of an All India Federation. There was to be a 
bicameral federal Legislature. 
1. Only 14 per cent of the total population in British India was given the right to vote. 
2. The federal legislature was denied any real power. Defence and Foreign Affairs 
remained outside its control while the viceroy retained special control over the 
other subjects. 
3. A new system of government was to be organised in provinces on the basis of 
provincial autonomy. Ministers responsible to the provincial assemblies were to 
control all departments of administration. 
4. But the Governors were given the powers to veto any legislation and also to 
legislate on their own. Governors also retained full control over the civil service 
and the police. 
5. The Viceroy and the Governors were to be appointed by the British Government 
and were to be responsible to it. 
 
 
Page 4


Struggle for Freedom (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Swaraj Party was led by CR. Das and Motilal Nehru. 
2. All India Trade Union Congress was founded by N.M. Joshi in 1920. 
3. The Quit India Movement took place in the year 1942. 
4. Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934. 
5. The chairman of the Simon Commission was Sir John Simon. 
6. The Congress session of March 1940 was presided over by Maulana Abul Kalam 
Azab. 
7. Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc in 1939. 
8. “Diii Chalo” and “Jal Hind” were two slogans given to us by Netaji Subhash 
Chandra Bose. 
9. Lord Mountbatten came to India in 1947 as Viceroy. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
 
Ans 
 
 
III. State whether the following statements are True or False: 
1. The Charkha was a symbol of progress. 
True. 
2. The Congress participated in the first Round Table Conference. 
False. 
3. The Congress swept the polls in 8 provinces in the 1937 elections. 
True. 
4. Sir Stafford Cripps was an American officer sent to India. 
False. 
5. Netaji started the Quit India movement 
False. 
6. It was because of British presence in India that the country was made a target for 
Japanese attack. 
True. 
7. Netaji was the commander of the Indian National Army. 
True. 
8. In 1956, the British government announced its decision to quit India. 
False. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
 
Question 1. 
Discuss the main aspects of the Non-Cooperation Movement. 
Answer: 
The growing antagonism of the Indians towards the British led to Khilafat and Non-
Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji looked upon the Khilafat agitation as an opportunity of 
uniting Hindus and Muslims as would not arise in a hundred years. The Noncooperation 
Movement was named so because it decided not to cooperate with the Government by 
renunication of titles, boycott of legislature, resigning from government jobs, lawyers 
leaving courts, students leaving British schools and colleges, boycott of British Goods 
and other activities. People refused to pay taxes, no longer recognising government as 
legitimate. 
Question 2. 
How and when did the Civil Disobedience Movement start? How did the government 
suppress it? 
Answer: 
Civil Disobedience Movement was started on 12 March, 1930 when Gandhiji marched 
from his Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat to Dandi (375 km from Ahmedabad). He carried 
on this march with 78 followers to break the Salt Law. He defied this law by picking up a 
handful of Salt formed by the evaporation of Sea water. 
This gave a start to the Civil Disobedience movement all over the country. Women also 
participated in this movement. It spread as far as N.W. Frontier province where it was 
led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan who is popularly known as the Frontier Gandhi. The 
Government tried to suppress it with a stem hand. The British declared the congress 
illegal. There was uprising all over the country followed by refusal to pay Chaukidari Tax 
and defiance of forest law. Lakhs of Indians offered Satyagraha. Foreign goods were 
boycotted and peasants refused to pay 
Question 3. 
Why did the Congress pass the Quit India Resolution? How did the government react to 
it? 
Answer: 
The All India Congress Committe met at Bombay on August 8, 1942 and passed the 
Quit India Resolution. After the Cripps Mission failed, this great Mass struggle for 
Independence was launched by the Congress. It was the greatest mass challenge to 
the British authority. It shook the foundations of the British Rule. 
Gandhiji declared, “I therefore want freedom immediately, this very night before dawn if 
it can be had.” He also gave a mantra ‘Do or Die”. He said ‘We shall either free India or 
die in the attempt.’ 
The movement was the greatest mass challenge to the British authority. It shook the 
foundations of the British rule in India and showed the British that the masses had 
immense capacity to suffer and die for the cause of freedom. The government soon 
arrested all leaders and declared Congress illegal. The government resorted to stem 
measures to suppress the movement. 
Question 4. 
Discuss the main features of the Government of India Act, 1935. 
Answer: 
The Act provided for the establishment of an All India Federation. There was to be a 
bicameral federal Legislature. 
1. Only 14 per cent of the total population in British India was given the right to vote. 
2. The federal legislature was denied any real power. Defence and Foreign Affairs 
remained outside its control while the viceroy retained special control over the 
other subjects. 
3. A new system of government was to be organised in provinces on the basis of 
provincial autonomy. Ministers responsible to the provincial assemblies were to 
control all departments of administration. 
4. But the Governors were given the powers to veto any legislation and also to 
legislate on their own. Governors also retained full control over the civil service 
and the police. 
5. The Viceroy and the Governors were to be appointed by the British Government 
and were to be responsible to it. 
 
 
Question 5. 
Why did India accept the partition proposal even though it did not accept the two-nation 
theory? 
Answer: 
Lord Mountbatten came to India in March 1947 as the new viceroy. He presented a plan 
for the division of India into two independent states India and Pakistan. In 1946 there 
had been communal riots in Bihar, Bengal and many other places. When partition was 
announced, more riots took place especially in Punjab. Thousands of people were killed 
and many more were rendered homeless. 
The Congress agreed to the plan of partition not because of any faith in the two nation 
theory but because it felt that there was no other way to achieve freedom and prevent 
and destruction. 
Question 6. 
Discuss the contribution of INA in the freedom struggle. 
Answer: 
The Indian National Army was formed with a aim to get freedom from British rule. It 
comprised Indian prisoners of war. Subhash Chandra Bose became the Supreme 
Commander of the INA. He gave slogan’ Dilli Chalo’ and ‘Jai Hind’. In 1943 Netaji 
proclaimed the formation of Azad Hind Fauj in Singapore. He proceeded to the 
Andaman and Nicobar Islands which the Japanese had taken ‘ from the British and 
hoisted India’s flag there. He then conquered Imphal and Kohima.But the victory was 
short lived. Britain reestablished control over Burma. The INA was defeated. Japan 
surrendered after the atom bomb attacks. 
Question 7. 
Discuss the main clauses of the Indian Independence Act of 1947. 
Answer: 
Main clauses of the Indian Independence Act of 1947: 
1. Two independent dominions, namely India and Pakistan, shall be set up on 
August 15, 1947 Pakistan was to be comprised of Sind, Baluchistan N.W.F.P, the 
West Punjab and East Bengal. Rest of the territories were to be included in India. 
2. The British Government was to have no control over the affairs of the dominions 
after August 15, 1947 and world transfer all powers to the Assemblies of India and 
Pakistan. 
3. The office of the Viceroy was to end forth with and replaced by a separate 
Governor- General for each dominion. 
4. The Constituent Assemblies of both the Dominions would frame their respective 
Constitutions and would decide whether to stay with the British commonwealth or 
not. 
5. The Constituent Assembly of each Dominion shall exercise the power of the 
Central Legislatures. 
6. The Legislature of each of the new Dominions shall have full powers to make laws 
for that Dominion. 
Page 5


Struggle for Freedom (II) 
I. Fill in the blanks: 
1. The Swaraj Party was led by CR. Das and Motilal Nehru. 
2. All India Trade Union Congress was founded by N.M. Joshi in 1920. 
3. The Quit India Movement took place in the year 1942. 
4. Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934. 
5. The chairman of the Simon Commission was Sir John Simon. 
6. The Congress session of March 1940 was presided over by Maulana Abul Kalam 
Azab. 
7. Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc in 1939. 
8. “Diii Chalo” and “Jal Hind” were two slogans given to us by Netaji Subhash 
Chandra Bose. 
9. Lord Mountbatten came to India in 1947 as Viceroy. 
II. Match the contents of Column A and Column B: 
 
Ans 
 
 
III. State whether the following statements are True or False: 
1. The Charkha was a symbol of progress. 
True. 
2. The Congress participated in the first Round Table Conference. 
False. 
3. The Congress swept the polls in 8 provinces in the 1937 elections. 
True. 
4. Sir Stafford Cripps was an American officer sent to India. 
False. 
5. Netaji started the Quit India movement 
False. 
6. It was because of British presence in India that the country was made a target for 
Japanese attack. 
True. 
7. Netaji was the commander of the Indian National Army. 
True. 
8. In 1956, the British government announced its decision to quit India. 
False. 
IV. Answer the following questions: 
 
Question 1. 
Discuss the main aspects of the Non-Cooperation Movement. 
Answer: 
The growing antagonism of the Indians towards the British led to Khilafat and Non-
Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji looked upon the Khilafat agitation as an opportunity of 
uniting Hindus and Muslims as would not arise in a hundred years. The Noncooperation 
Movement was named so because it decided not to cooperate with the Government by 
renunication of titles, boycott of legislature, resigning from government jobs, lawyers 
leaving courts, students leaving British schools and colleges, boycott of British Goods 
and other activities. People refused to pay taxes, no longer recognising government as 
legitimate. 
Question 2. 
How and when did the Civil Disobedience Movement start? How did the government 
suppress it? 
Answer: 
Civil Disobedience Movement was started on 12 March, 1930 when Gandhiji marched 
from his Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat to Dandi (375 km from Ahmedabad). He carried 
on this march with 78 followers to break the Salt Law. He defied this law by picking up a 
handful of Salt formed by the evaporation of Sea water. 
This gave a start to the Civil Disobedience movement all over the country. Women also 
participated in this movement. It spread as far as N.W. Frontier province where it was 
led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan who is popularly known as the Frontier Gandhi. The 
Government tried to suppress it with a stem hand. The British declared the congress 
illegal. There was uprising all over the country followed by refusal to pay Chaukidari Tax 
and defiance of forest law. Lakhs of Indians offered Satyagraha. Foreign goods were 
boycotted and peasants refused to pay 
Question 3. 
Why did the Congress pass the Quit India Resolution? How did the government react to 
it? 
Answer: 
The All India Congress Committe met at Bombay on August 8, 1942 and passed the 
Quit India Resolution. After the Cripps Mission failed, this great Mass struggle for 
Independence was launched by the Congress. It was the greatest mass challenge to 
the British authority. It shook the foundations of the British Rule. 
Gandhiji declared, “I therefore want freedom immediately, this very night before dawn if 
it can be had.” He also gave a mantra ‘Do or Die”. He said ‘We shall either free India or 
die in the attempt.’ 
The movement was the greatest mass challenge to the British authority. It shook the 
foundations of the British rule in India and showed the British that the masses had 
immense capacity to suffer and die for the cause of freedom. The government soon 
arrested all leaders and declared Congress illegal. The government resorted to stem 
measures to suppress the movement. 
Question 4. 
Discuss the main features of the Government of India Act, 1935. 
Answer: 
The Act provided for the establishment of an All India Federation. There was to be a 
bicameral federal Legislature. 
1. Only 14 per cent of the total population in British India was given the right to vote. 
2. The federal legislature was denied any real power. Defence and Foreign Affairs 
remained outside its control while the viceroy retained special control over the 
other subjects. 
3. A new system of government was to be organised in provinces on the basis of 
provincial autonomy. Ministers responsible to the provincial assemblies were to 
control all departments of administration. 
4. But the Governors were given the powers to veto any legislation and also to 
legislate on their own. Governors also retained full control over the civil service 
and the police. 
5. The Viceroy and the Governors were to be appointed by the British Government 
and were to be responsible to it. 
 
 
Question 5. 
Why did India accept the partition proposal even though it did not accept the two-nation 
theory? 
Answer: 
Lord Mountbatten came to India in March 1947 as the new viceroy. He presented a plan 
for the division of India into two independent states India and Pakistan. In 1946 there 
had been communal riots in Bihar, Bengal and many other places. When partition was 
announced, more riots took place especially in Punjab. Thousands of people were killed 
and many more were rendered homeless. 
The Congress agreed to the plan of partition not because of any faith in the two nation 
theory but because it felt that there was no other way to achieve freedom and prevent 
and destruction. 
Question 6. 
Discuss the contribution of INA in the freedom struggle. 
Answer: 
The Indian National Army was formed with a aim to get freedom from British rule. It 
comprised Indian prisoners of war. Subhash Chandra Bose became the Supreme 
Commander of the INA. He gave slogan’ Dilli Chalo’ and ‘Jai Hind’. In 1943 Netaji 
proclaimed the formation of Azad Hind Fauj in Singapore. He proceeded to the 
Andaman and Nicobar Islands which the Japanese had taken ‘ from the British and 
hoisted India’s flag there. He then conquered Imphal and Kohima.But the victory was 
short lived. Britain reestablished control over Burma. The INA was defeated. Japan 
surrendered after the atom bomb attacks. 
Question 7. 
Discuss the main clauses of the Indian Independence Act of 1947. 
Answer: 
Main clauses of the Indian Independence Act of 1947: 
1. Two independent dominions, namely India and Pakistan, shall be set up on 
August 15, 1947 Pakistan was to be comprised of Sind, Baluchistan N.W.F.P, the 
West Punjab and East Bengal. Rest of the territories were to be included in India. 
2. The British Government was to have no control over the affairs of the dominions 
after August 15, 1947 and world transfer all powers to the Assemblies of India and 
Pakistan. 
3. The office of the Viceroy was to end forth with and replaced by a separate 
Governor- General for each dominion. 
4. The Constituent Assemblies of both the Dominions would frame their respective 
Constitutions and would decide whether to stay with the British commonwealth or 
not. 
5. The Constituent Assembly of each Dominion shall exercise the power of the 
Central Legislatures. 
6. The Legislature of each of the new Dominions shall have full powers to make laws 
for that Dominion. 
7. The right of the king to veto laws was given up. This right was given to the 
Governor-General. 
8. Till the new Constitution was framed, each of the dominion and all Provinces were 
to be governed in accordance with the Act of 1935. 
9. The states would have the choice to join with either of the dominions or to retain 
their independence. 
10. The Governor-General was given the powers to modify or adopt the Government 
of India Act, 1935 by March 31, 1948. 
11. The office of the Secretary of State for India was to be abolished. 
12. Agreements with the tribes of the NWFP were to be negotiated by the Dominion 
concerned. 
V. Picture study : Look at the picture given below. 
 
 
Which conference is in progress. 
 
Ans. Second Round Table Conference. 
1. When and where was this conference held? 
Ans. It was held in London in 1931. 
2. Who were the main participants in this conference? 
Ans. It was attended by Agha Khan, B.R. Ambedkar, Madan Mohan Malviya and 
Gandhiji among others. 
3. What was the result of this conference? 
Ans. There was no conclusion again at the conference and it ended in a failure