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1. What is photosynthesis and why is it important for plants?
Ans.Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose. It occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures sunlight. This process is crucial for plants because it allows them to produce their own food, and it also releases oxygen into the atmosphere, which is essential for the survival of most living organisms.
2. What are the main components required for photosynthesis to occur?
Ans.The main components required for photosynthesis are sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Sunlight provides the energy necessary for the process, carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air through the leaves, and water is taken up by the roots from the soil. These components undergo a series of chemical reactions to produce glucose and oxygen.
3. How do plants convert sunlight into energy during photosynthesis?
Ans.Plants convert sunlight into energy through a series of light-dependent and light-independent reactions. In the light-dependent reactions, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses that energy to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and generating ATP and NADPH. In the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
4. What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?
Ans.Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells, and it plays a vital role in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy. It primarily absorbs blue and red wavelengths of light and reflects green light, which is why plants appear green. The absorbed light energy is then used to drive the chemical reactions involved in converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
5. How does photosynthesis impact the environment and other living organisms?
Ans.Photosynthesis has a profound impact on the environment as it is the primary source of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is essential for the survival of aerobic organisms. Additionally, photosynthesis forms the basis of the food chain, as plants are primary producers that convert solar energy into chemical energy, supporting herbivores and, subsequently, carnivores. Thus, it plays a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting life on Earth.
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