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Revision Notes: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET PDF Download

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FAQs on Revision Notes: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure - Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

1. What are the main types of chemical bonds?
Ans. The main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions that attract each other. Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share electrons, and metallic bonds involve the pooling of electrons among a lattice of metal atoms.
2. How does the Octet Rule apply to chemical bonding?
Ans. The Octet Rule states that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. This rule helps explain the formation of ionic and covalent bonds, as atoms will either gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve this stable state.
3. What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?
Ans. Polar covalent bonds occur when two atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, resulting in a molecule with a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other. Nonpolar covalent bonds, on the other hand, involve equal sharing of electrons between atoms with similar electronegativities, leading to a balanced charge distribution within the molecule.
4. How do you determine the molecular geometry of a molecule?
Ans. The molecular geometry of a molecule can be determined using the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory. According to this theory, the shape of a molecule is influenced by the repulsion between electron pairs (both bonding and lone pairs) surrounding the central atom. By considering the number of electron pairs and their arrangement, one can predict the molecular geometry.
5. What role do lone pairs play in chemical bonding and molecular shape?
Ans. Lone pairs are pairs of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding and can significantly affect the molecular shape and bond angles. They occupy space around the central atom and create repulsive interactions with bonding pairs, leading to adjustments in the geometry of the molecule. This can result in shapes that differ from what would be expected if only bonding pairs were considered.
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