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 Page 1


65
13
Profit - Loss
Details of Sarita’s shopping for her stall :
Plates -  `
 
20
Spoons -  `
 
10
Chutney -  `
 
30 
Puffed rice -  `
 
50 
Onions -  `
 
20 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
60 
Total --------- Amount Sarita gained by selling : 
`
 
230 
How much did Sarita spend on her bhel?
Why does Sarita look so happy?
Details of Pranav’s shopping for his stall :
Vegetables -  `
 
70 
Butter -  `
 
25 
Bread -   `
 
45 
Masala -   `
 
14 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
20 
Total --------- The amount Pranav gained through his 
sales : `
 
160
How much did Pranav spend in all? 
Why is he so disappointed? 
Let’s discuss.
Page 2


65
13
Profit - Loss
Details of Sarita’s shopping for her stall :
Plates -  `
 
20
Spoons -  `
 
10
Chutney -  `
 
30 
Puffed rice -  `
 
50 
Onions -  `
 
20 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
60 
Total --------- Amount Sarita gained by selling : 
`
 
230 
How much did Sarita spend on her bhel?
Why does Sarita look so happy?
Details of Pranav’s shopping for his stall :
Vegetables -  `
 
70 
Butter -  `
 
25 
Bread -   `
 
45 
Masala -   `
 
14 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
20 
Total --------- The amount Pranav gained through his 
sales : `
 
160
How much did Pranav spend in all? 
Why is he so disappointed? 
Let’s discuss.
66
If Sarita had bought twice as much, would she have gained twice as much?
What should Pranav do the next time he sets up a stall to sell more pav bhaji and make 
more gains?
Profit and Loss
 People do various kinds of jobs to earn money. Shopkeepers sell articles that people 
need. They buy things from wholesale traders in large quantities at lower rates. It costs 
less than the printed price. When they sell things in retail, i.e., in smaller quantities, they 
charge a greater amount. If the selling price is more than the amount paid for it, there  is 
a gain. It is called a profit. Sometimes, an article is sold for less than the amount paid for 
it while buying. The damage, in that case, is called a loss.
If the selling price is less than the If the selling price is more than the                    
cost price, there is a loss.  cost price, there is a profit.
Loss = Cost price - Selling price  Profit = Selling price - Cost price
 
Example :  Hamidbhai bought bananas worth 
2000 rupees and sold them all for 
1890 rupees. Did he make a profit 
or a loss? How much was it?
He  bought  bananas  for ` 2000.  
Hence, 
Cost price =  ` 2000 
Selling price   =  ` 1890
Cost price is greater than selling
price. Therefore, Hamidbhai   
suffered a loss.
Loss   = Cost price - Selling price
       =  2000 - 1890
          =  ` 110
?  Hamidbhai suffered a loss of                
` 110 in this transaction.
Example : Harbhajan Singh bought 500 kg 
of rice for 22000 rupees and 
sold it all at the rate of ` 48           
per kg. How much profit did he 
make?
The  cost  price  of  500 kg  rice  
is  ` 22000. 
Selling price of 500 kg of rice is 
= 500 × 48 = ` 24000
Selling price is greater than cost price. 
Therefore, there is a profit. 
Profit = Selling price - Cost price 
= 24000 - 22000
 = ` 2000
? In this transaction, Harbhajan Singh 
made a profit of  ` 2000.
Let’s discuss.
Let’s learn.
Now I know -
Page 3


65
13
Profit - Loss
Details of Sarita’s shopping for her stall :
Plates -  `
 
20
Spoons -  `
 
10
Chutney -  `
 
30 
Puffed rice -  `
 
50 
Onions -  `
 
20 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
60 
Total --------- Amount Sarita gained by selling : 
`
 
230 
How much did Sarita spend on her bhel?
Why does Sarita look so happy?
Details of Pranav’s shopping for his stall :
Vegetables -  `
 
70 
Butter -  `
 
25 
Bread -   `
 
45 
Masala -   `
 
14 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
20 
Total --------- The amount Pranav gained through his 
sales : `
 
160
How much did Pranav spend in all? 
Why is he so disappointed? 
Let’s discuss.
66
If Sarita had bought twice as much, would she have gained twice as much?
What should Pranav do the next time he sets up a stall to sell more pav bhaji and make 
more gains?
Profit and Loss
 People do various kinds of jobs to earn money. Shopkeepers sell articles that people 
need. They buy things from wholesale traders in large quantities at lower rates. It costs 
less than the printed price. When they sell things in retail, i.e., in smaller quantities, they 
charge a greater amount. If the selling price is more than the amount paid for it, there  is 
a gain. It is called a profit. Sometimes, an article is sold for less than the amount paid for 
it while buying. The damage, in that case, is called a loss.
If the selling price is less than the If the selling price is more than the                    
cost price, there is a loss.  cost price, there is a profit.
Loss = Cost price - Selling price  Profit = Selling price - Cost price
 
Example :  Hamidbhai bought bananas worth 
2000 rupees and sold them all for 
1890 rupees. Did he make a profit 
or a loss? How much was it?
He  bought  bananas  for ` 2000.  
Hence, 
Cost price =  ` 2000 
Selling price   =  ` 1890
Cost price is greater than selling
price. Therefore, Hamidbhai   
suffered a loss.
Loss   = Cost price - Selling price
       =  2000 - 1890
          =  ` 110
?  Hamidbhai suffered a loss of                
` 110 in this transaction.
Example : Harbhajan Singh bought 500 kg 
of rice for 22000 rupees and 
sold it all at the rate of ` 48           
per kg. How much profit did he 
make?
The  cost  price  of  500 kg  rice  
is  ` 22000. 
Selling price of 500 kg of rice is 
= 500 × 48 = ` 24000
Selling price is greater than cost price. 
Therefore, there is a profit. 
Profit = Selling price - Cost price 
= 24000 - 22000
 = ` 2000
? In this transaction, Harbhajan Singh 
made a profit of  ` 2000.
Let’s discuss.
Let’s learn.
Now I know -
67
1. The cost price and selling price are 
given in the following table. Find out 
whether there was a profit or a loss 
and how much it was.
Ex.
Cost 
price
(in `
 
)
Selling
price
(in `
 
)
Profit
or
Loss
How
much?
1. 4500 5000
2. 4100 4090
3. 700 799
4. 1000 920
2. A shopkeeper bought a bicycle for        
` 3000 and sold the same for ` 3400. 
How much was his profit?
3. Sunandabai bought milk for                    
` 475. She converted it into yoghurt 
and sold it for ` 700. How much profit 
did she make?
4. The Jijamata Women’s Saving Group 
bought raw materials worth ` 15000 for 
making chakalis. They sold the chakalis 
for 22050 rupees. How much profit did 
the WSG make?
5. Pramod bought 100 bunches of methi 
greens for ` 400. In a sudden downpour, 
30 of the bunches on his handcart got 
spoilt. He sold the rest at the rate of           
` 5 each. Did he make a profit or a loss? 
How much?
6. Sharad bought one quintal of onions for 
` 2000. Later he sold them all at the rate 
of ` 18 per kg. Did he make a profit or 
incur a loss? How much was it?
7. Kantabai bought 25 saris from a 
wholesale merchant for ` 10000 and sold 
them all at ` 460 each. How much profit 
did Kantabai get in this transaction? 
Total Cost price and Profit or Loss
 At Diwali, in a certain school, they undertook a ‘Design a Diya’ project. They bought 
1000 diyas for `
 
1000 and some paint for `
 
200. To bring the diyas to the school, they 
spent `
 
100 on transport. They sold the painted lamps at ` 2 each. Did they make a profit 
or incur a loss? 
Practice Set 31
Page 4


65
13
Profit - Loss
Details of Sarita’s shopping for her stall :
Plates -  `
 
20
Spoons -  `
 
10
Chutney -  `
 
30 
Puffed rice -  `
 
50 
Onions -  `
 
20 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
60 
Total --------- Amount Sarita gained by selling : 
`
 
230 
How much did Sarita spend on her bhel?
Why does Sarita look so happy?
Details of Pranav’s shopping for his stall :
Vegetables -  `
 
70 
Butter -  `
 
25 
Bread -   `
 
45 
Masala -   `
 
14 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
20 
Total --------- The amount Pranav gained through his 
sales : `
 
160
How much did Pranav spend in all? 
Why is he so disappointed? 
Let’s discuss.
66
If Sarita had bought twice as much, would she have gained twice as much?
What should Pranav do the next time he sets up a stall to sell more pav bhaji and make 
more gains?
Profit and Loss
 People do various kinds of jobs to earn money. Shopkeepers sell articles that people 
need. They buy things from wholesale traders in large quantities at lower rates. It costs 
less than the printed price. When they sell things in retail, i.e., in smaller quantities, they 
charge a greater amount. If the selling price is more than the amount paid for it, there  is 
a gain. It is called a profit. Sometimes, an article is sold for less than the amount paid for 
it while buying. The damage, in that case, is called a loss.
If the selling price is less than the If the selling price is more than the                    
cost price, there is a loss.  cost price, there is a profit.
Loss = Cost price - Selling price  Profit = Selling price - Cost price
 
Example :  Hamidbhai bought bananas worth 
2000 rupees and sold them all for 
1890 rupees. Did he make a profit 
or a loss? How much was it?
He  bought  bananas  for ` 2000.  
Hence, 
Cost price =  ` 2000 
Selling price   =  ` 1890
Cost price is greater than selling
price. Therefore, Hamidbhai   
suffered a loss.
Loss   = Cost price - Selling price
       =  2000 - 1890
          =  ` 110
?  Hamidbhai suffered a loss of                
` 110 in this transaction.
Example : Harbhajan Singh bought 500 kg 
of rice for 22000 rupees and 
sold it all at the rate of ` 48           
per kg. How much profit did he 
make?
The  cost  price  of  500 kg  rice  
is  ` 22000. 
Selling price of 500 kg of rice is 
= 500 × 48 = ` 24000
Selling price is greater than cost price. 
Therefore, there is a profit. 
Profit = Selling price - Cost price 
= 24000 - 22000
 = ` 2000
? In this transaction, Harbhajan Singh 
made a profit of  ` 2000.
Let’s discuss.
Let’s learn.
Now I know -
67
1. The cost price and selling price are 
given in the following table. Find out 
whether there was a profit or a loss 
and how much it was.
Ex.
Cost 
price
(in `
 
)
Selling
price
(in `
 
)
Profit
or
Loss
How
much?
1. 4500 5000
2. 4100 4090
3. 700 799
4. 1000 920
2. A shopkeeper bought a bicycle for        
` 3000 and sold the same for ` 3400. 
How much was his profit?
3. Sunandabai bought milk for                    
` 475. She converted it into yoghurt 
and sold it for ` 700. How much profit 
did she make?
4. The Jijamata Women’s Saving Group 
bought raw materials worth ` 15000 for 
making chakalis. They sold the chakalis 
for 22050 rupees. How much profit did 
the WSG make?
5. Pramod bought 100 bunches of methi 
greens for ` 400. In a sudden downpour, 
30 of the bunches on his handcart got 
spoilt. He sold the rest at the rate of           
` 5 each. Did he make a profit or a loss? 
How much?
6. Sharad bought one quintal of onions for 
` 2000. Later he sold them all at the rate 
of ` 18 per kg. Did he make a profit or 
incur a loss? How much was it?
7. Kantabai bought 25 saris from a 
wholesale merchant for ` 10000 and sold 
them all at ` 460 each. How much profit 
did Kantabai get in this transaction? 
Total Cost price and Profit or Loss
 At Diwali, in a certain school, they undertook a ‘Design a Diya’ project. They bought 
1000 diyas for `
 
1000 and some paint for `
 
200. To bring the diyas to the school, they 
spent `
 
100 on transport. They sold the painted lamps at ` 2 each. Did they make a profit 
or incur a loss? 
Practice Set 31
68
Cost price of diyas `
 
1000 
and selling price ` 2000. 
So, profit was ` 1000.
?? Is Anju right?  
?? 	 What about the money spent on paints and 
transport?
?? 	 How much money was actually spent before 
the diyas could be sold?
?? 	 How much actual profit was made in this project of colouring diyas and selling them?
 Besides purchases, money has to be spent on things like transport, porterage,               
octroi, etc. 
 When this expenditure is added to the basic purchase, we get the total cost price. 
 In trading, all expenses incurred on an article before it can be sold have to be added 
to the cost price of the article. That is called the total cost price of the article.
 
A farmer sells what he grows in his fields. How is the total cost price calculated? 
What does a farmer spend on his produce before he can sell it? What are the other 
expenses besides seeds, fertilizers and transport?
Example : Sambhajirao bought a machine from a factory for `
 
80000. He paid the octroi 
tax of `
 
1600 and spent `
 
800 on transport besides `
 
300 on porterage. He sold 
the machine for one lakh rupees. How much was his profit?
   Total expenses while buying the machine 
    = Cost of machine + Octroi + Transport +  Porterage
    = 80000 + 1600 + 800 + 300 
    =  `
 
82700
 That is, total cost price is `
 
82700.
 Profit = Selling price  - Total cost price
    =  100000 - 82700  
    = `
 
17300 
  Sambhajirao made a profit of `
 
17300 in this transaction.
Example : Javedbhai bought 35 electric mixers for `
 
4300 each. To transport them to the 
shop, he spent `
 
2100. If he expects to make a profit of `
 
21000, at what price 
should he sell each mixer?
    Cost price of one mixer `
 
4300. 
   Hence cost price of 35 mixers = 4300 × 35 = `
 
150500
Let’s learn.
Think about it.
Page 5


65
13
Profit - Loss
Details of Sarita’s shopping for her stall :
Plates -  `
 
20
Spoons -  `
 
10
Chutney -  `
 
30 
Puffed rice -  `
 
50 
Onions -  `
 
20 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
60 
Total --------- Amount Sarita gained by selling : 
`
 
230 
How much did Sarita spend on her bhel?
Why does Sarita look so happy?
Details of Pranav’s shopping for his stall :
Vegetables -  `
 
70 
Butter -  `
 
25 
Bread -   `
 
45 
Masala -   `
 
14 
Miscellaneous -  `
 
20 
Total --------- The amount Pranav gained through his 
sales : `
 
160
How much did Pranav spend in all? 
Why is he so disappointed? 
Let’s discuss.
66
If Sarita had bought twice as much, would she have gained twice as much?
What should Pranav do the next time he sets up a stall to sell more pav bhaji and make 
more gains?
Profit and Loss
 People do various kinds of jobs to earn money. Shopkeepers sell articles that people 
need. They buy things from wholesale traders in large quantities at lower rates. It costs 
less than the printed price. When they sell things in retail, i.e., in smaller quantities, they 
charge a greater amount. If the selling price is more than the amount paid for it, there  is 
a gain. It is called a profit. Sometimes, an article is sold for less than the amount paid for 
it while buying. The damage, in that case, is called a loss.
If the selling price is less than the If the selling price is more than the                    
cost price, there is a loss.  cost price, there is a profit.
Loss = Cost price - Selling price  Profit = Selling price - Cost price
 
Example :  Hamidbhai bought bananas worth 
2000 rupees and sold them all for 
1890 rupees. Did he make a profit 
or a loss? How much was it?
He  bought  bananas  for ` 2000.  
Hence, 
Cost price =  ` 2000 
Selling price   =  ` 1890
Cost price is greater than selling
price. Therefore, Hamidbhai   
suffered a loss.
Loss   = Cost price - Selling price
       =  2000 - 1890
          =  ` 110
?  Hamidbhai suffered a loss of                
` 110 in this transaction.
Example : Harbhajan Singh bought 500 kg 
of rice for 22000 rupees and 
sold it all at the rate of ` 48           
per kg. How much profit did he 
make?
The  cost  price  of  500 kg  rice  
is  ` 22000. 
Selling price of 500 kg of rice is 
= 500 × 48 = ` 24000
Selling price is greater than cost price. 
Therefore, there is a profit. 
Profit = Selling price - Cost price 
= 24000 - 22000
 = ` 2000
? In this transaction, Harbhajan Singh 
made a profit of  ` 2000.
Let’s discuss.
Let’s learn.
Now I know -
67
1. The cost price and selling price are 
given in the following table. Find out 
whether there was a profit or a loss 
and how much it was.
Ex.
Cost 
price
(in `
 
)
Selling
price
(in `
 
)
Profit
or
Loss
How
much?
1. 4500 5000
2. 4100 4090
3. 700 799
4. 1000 920
2. A shopkeeper bought a bicycle for        
` 3000 and sold the same for ` 3400. 
How much was his profit?
3. Sunandabai bought milk for                    
` 475. She converted it into yoghurt 
and sold it for ` 700. How much profit 
did she make?
4. The Jijamata Women’s Saving Group 
bought raw materials worth ` 15000 for 
making chakalis. They sold the chakalis 
for 22050 rupees. How much profit did 
the WSG make?
5. Pramod bought 100 bunches of methi 
greens for ` 400. In a sudden downpour, 
30 of the bunches on his handcart got 
spoilt. He sold the rest at the rate of           
` 5 each. Did he make a profit or a loss? 
How much?
6. Sharad bought one quintal of onions for 
` 2000. Later he sold them all at the rate 
of ` 18 per kg. Did he make a profit or 
incur a loss? How much was it?
7. Kantabai bought 25 saris from a 
wholesale merchant for ` 10000 and sold 
them all at ` 460 each. How much profit 
did Kantabai get in this transaction? 
Total Cost price and Profit or Loss
 At Diwali, in a certain school, they undertook a ‘Design a Diya’ project. They bought 
1000 diyas for `
 
1000 and some paint for `
 
200. To bring the diyas to the school, they 
spent `
 
100 on transport. They sold the painted lamps at ` 2 each. Did they make a profit 
or incur a loss? 
Practice Set 31
68
Cost price of diyas `
 
1000 
and selling price ` 2000. 
So, profit was ` 1000.
?? Is Anju right?  
?? 	 What about the money spent on paints and 
transport?
?? 	 How much money was actually spent before 
the diyas could be sold?
?? 	 How much actual profit was made in this project of colouring diyas and selling them?
 Besides purchases, money has to be spent on things like transport, porterage,               
octroi, etc. 
 When this expenditure is added to the basic purchase, we get the total cost price. 
 In trading, all expenses incurred on an article before it can be sold have to be added 
to the cost price of the article. That is called the total cost price of the article.
 
A farmer sells what he grows in his fields. How is the total cost price calculated? 
What does a farmer spend on his produce before he can sell it? What are the other 
expenses besides seeds, fertilizers and transport?
Example : Sambhajirao bought a machine from a factory for `
 
80000. He paid the octroi 
tax of `
 
1600 and spent `
 
800 on transport besides `
 
300 on porterage. He sold 
the machine for one lakh rupees. How much was his profit?
   Total expenses while buying the machine 
    = Cost of machine + Octroi + Transport +  Porterage
    = 80000 + 1600 + 800 + 300 
    =  `
 
82700
 That is, total cost price is `
 
82700.
 Profit = Selling price  - Total cost price
    =  100000 - 82700  
    = `
 
17300 
  Sambhajirao made a profit of `
 
17300 in this transaction.
Example : Javedbhai bought 35 electric mixers for `
 
4300 each. To transport them to the 
shop, he spent `
 
2100. If he expects to make a profit of `
 
21000, at what price 
should he sell each mixer?
    Cost price of one mixer `
 
4300. 
   Hence cost price of 35 mixers = 4300 × 35 = `
 
150500
Let’s learn.
Think about it.
69
Total cost price = cost of mixers  + cost of transport
= 150500 + 2100
= ` 152600
 Javedbhai wants a profit of 21000 rupees.
? Hence, amount expected on selling
= 152600 + 21000
= ` 173600
 Selling price of 35 mixers = ` 173600
? Selling price of one mixer = 173600 ÷ 35
 = ` 4960
 Javedbhai should sell every mixer for ` 4960.
Profit Percent, Loss Percent
 When determining the percentage of profit or loss, it is compared with the cost price. 
When we say that the profit or the loss was 10%, we mean that the profit or the loss is 
10 rupees if the total cost price is taken to be 100 rupees.
1. From a wholesaler, Santosh bought
400 eggs for ` 1500 and spent ` 300 on
transport. 50 eggs fell down and broke.
He sold the rest at ` 5 each. Did he
make a profit or a loss? How much?
2. Abraham bought goods worth                
` 50000 and spent ` 7000 on transport
and octroi. If he sold the goods for
` 65000, did he make a profit or a
loss? How much?
3. Ajit Kaur bought a 50 kg sack of sugar
for ` 1750, but as sugar prices fell she
had to sell it at ` 32 per kg. How much
loss did she incur?
4. Kusumtai bought 80 cookers at ` 700
each. Transport cost her ` 1280. If she
wants a profit of ` 18000, what should
be the selling price per cooker?
5. Indrajit bought 10 refrigerators at
` 12000 each and spent ` 5000 on
transport. For how much should he sell
each refrigerator in order to make a
profit of  ` 20000?
6. Lalitabai sowed seeds worth ` 13700
in her field. She had to spend ` 5300
on fertilizers  and  spraying  pesticides
and ` 7160 on labour. If, on selling her
produce, she earned ` 35400 what was
her profit or her loss?
Practice Set 32
     4960
35)  173600
–
140
 
0336
–
315
 00210
–
210
  
00000
 
– 0
 
0
Let’s learn.
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