Textbook Solutions: Life Processes in Living Organisms Part - 2 | Science and Technology Class 10 (Maharashtra SSC Board) PDF Download

 Page 1


Life Processes in Living Organisms Part-2 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Complete the following chart. 
 
 
Answer : 
Page 2


Life Processes in Living Organisms Part-2 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Complete the following chart. 
 
 
Answer : 
 
Q. 2. Fill in the blanks. 
 
a. In humans, sperm production occurs in the organ ----------------. 
b. In humans, ------ chromosome is responsible for maleness. 
c. In male and female reproductive system of human, ------------- gland is same. 
d. Implantation of the embryo occurs in ------ 
e. ---------- type of reproduction occurs without fusion of gametes. 
f. The body breaks up into several fragments and each fragment starts to live as a 
new individual. This is -- -- -- -- -- -- -- type of reproduction. 
g. Pollen grains are formed by -- ----- -- -- -- division in locules of anthers. 
Answer : a. Testes, 
Explanation: Testes are situated in the scrotum, outside the abdominal cavity. Testes 
contain numerous seminiferous tubules which consists of germinal epithelium it divides 
by meiosis to produce sperms. 
 
b. Y chromosome. 
Explanation: Men have XY sex chromosomes 
and women have XX sex-chromosomes. A reproductive system with specific organs 
develops in the body of men and women due to these sex-chromosomes only. X-
chromosome is present in both whereas Y-chromosome is present in men only. 
Page 3


Life Processes in Living Organisms Part-2 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Complete the following chart. 
 
 
Answer : 
 
Q. 2. Fill in the blanks. 
 
a. In humans, sperm production occurs in the organ ----------------. 
b. In humans, ------ chromosome is responsible for maleness. 
c. In male and female reproductive system of human, ------------- gland is same. 
d. Implantation of the embryo occurs in ------ 
e. ---------- type of reproduction occurs without fusion of gametes. 
f. The body breaks up into several fragments and each fragment starts to live as a 
new individual. This is -- -- -- -- -- -- -- type of reproduction. 
g. Pollen grains are formed by -- ----- -- -- -- division in locules of anthers. 
Answer : a. Testes, 
Explanation: Testes are situated in the scrotum, outside the abdominal cavity. Testes 
contain numerous seminiferous tubules which consists of germinal epithelium it divides 
by meiosis to produce sperms. 
 
b. Y chromosome. 
Explanation: Men have XY sex chromosomes 
and women have XX sex-chromosomes. A reproductive system with specific organs 
develops in the body of men and women due to these sex-chromosomes only. X-
chromosome is present in both whereas Y-chromosome is present in men only. 
c. Pituitary gland. 
Explanation: Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), Luteinizing hormone(LH) are the 
hormones found in male and females. FSH stimulates testicular growth in male’s LH is 
also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell 
production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with FSH. In females, an acute rise of 
LH ("LH surge") triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 
This hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of 
an egg from one follicle at ovulation. 
d. Oviduct. 
Explanation: Formation of a zygote by the union of sperm and ovum is called as 
fertilization. It is internal in humans. Semen is ejaculated in the vagina during 
copulation. This semen consists numbers of few millions start their journey by the route 
of vagina – uterus – oviduct. One of those few million sperms fertilizes the only ovum 
present in the oviduct. 
e. Asexual. 
Explanation: The process of formation of a new organism by an organism of same 
species without the involvement of gametes is called as asexual reproduction. This 
reproduction does not involve the union of two different gametes, therefore, the new 
organism has exact genetic similarity with the reproducing organism. 
f. Fragmentation. 
Explanation: This type of asexual reproduction occurs in multicellular organisms; the 
body of parent organism breaks up into many fragments and each fragment starts to 
live as an independent new organism. This type of reproduction occurs in algae like 
Spirogyra, and sponges. 
g. meiosis 
Explanation: Meiosis takes place in locules of anther which forms haploid pollen grains. 
Q. 3. Complete the paragraph with the help of words given in the bracket. 
 
(Luteinizing hormone, endometrium of uterus, follicle stimulating hormone, 
estrogen, progesterone, corpus luteum) 
Answer : Growth of follicles present in the ovary occurs under the effect of follicle 
stimulating hormone. This follicle secretes estrogen. Endometrium of uterus grows / 
regenerates under the effect of estrogen. Under the effect of estrogen fully grown up 
Page 4


Life Processes in Living Organisms Part-2 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Complete the following chart. 
 
 
Answer : 
 
Q. 2. Fill in the blanks. 
 
a. In humans, sperm production occurs in the organ ----------------. 
b. In humans, ------ chromosome is responsible for maleness. 
c. In male and female reproductive system of human, ------------- gland is same. 
d. Implantation of the embryo occurs in ------ 
e. ---------- type of reproduction occurs without fusion of gametes. 
f. The body breaks up into several fragments and each fragment starts to live as a 
new individual. This is -- -- -- -- -- -- -- type of reproduction. 
g. Pollen grains are formed by -- ----- -- -- -- division in locules of anthers. 
Answer : a. Testes, 
Explanation: Testes are situated in the scrotum, outside the abdominal cavity. Testes 
contain numerous seminiferous tubules which consists of germinal epithelium it divides 
by meiosis to produce sperms. 
 
b. Y chromosome. 
Explanation: Men have XY sex chromosomes 
and women have XX sex-chromosomes. A reproductive system with specific organs 
develops in the body of men and women due to these sex-chromosomes only. X-
chromosome is present in both whereas Y-chromosome is present in men only. 
c. Pituitary gland. 
Explanation: Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), Luteinizing hormone(LH) are the 
hormones found in male and females. FSH stimulates testicular growth in male’s LH is 
also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell 
production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with FSH. In females, an acute rise of 
LH ("LH surge") triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 
This hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of 
an egg from one follicle at ovulation. 
d. Oviduct. 
Explanation: Formation of a zygote by the union of sperm and ovum is called as 
fertilization. It is internal in humans. Semen is ejaculated in the vagina during 
copulation. This semen consists numbers of few millions start their journey by the route 
of vagina – uterus – oviduct. One of those few million sperms fertilizes the only ovum 
present in the oviduct. 
e. Asexual. 
Explanation: The process of formation of a new organism by an organism of same 
species without the involvement of gametes is called as asexual reproduction. This 
reproduction does not involve the union of two different gametes, therefore, the new 
organism has exact genetic similarity with the reproducing organism. 
f. Fragmentation. 
Explanation: This type of asexual reproduction occurs in multicellular organisms; the 
body of parent organism breaks up into many fragments and each fragment starts to 
live as an independent new organism. This type of reproduction occurs in algae like 
Spirogyra, and sponges. 
g. meiosis 
Explanation: Meiosis takes place in locules of anther which forms haploid pollen grains. 
Q. 3. Complete the paragraph with the help of words given in the bracket. 
 
(Luteinizing hormone, endometrium of uterus, follicle stimulating hormone, 
estrogen, progesterone, corpus luteum) 
Answer : Growth of follicles present in the ovary occurs under the effect of follicle 
stimulating hormone. This follicle secretes estrogen. Endometrium of uterus grows / 
regenerates under the effect of estrogen. Under the effect of estrogen fully grown up 
follicle bursts, ovulation occurs and corpus luteum is formed from remaining part of 
follicle. It secrets progesterone and estrogen. 
 
Under the effect of these hormones, glands of endometrium of uterus are activated and 
it becomes ready for implantation. 
Q. 4. A. Answer the following questions in short. 
 
Explain with examples types of asexual reproduction in unicellular organism. 
Answer : Asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms 
1. Binary Fission: 
The parent cell divides to form two similar daughter cells is called Binary fission. It 
occurs either by mitosis or amitosis.eg: Prokaryotes (Bacteria), Protista (Amoeba, 
Paramecium, Euglena, etc.) and eukaryotic cell-organelle like mitochondria and 
chloroplasts perform asexual reproduction by binary fission. 
 
2. Multiple Fission 
Multiple fission usually found in Amoeba and other similar 
Protista. Amoeba stops the formation of pseudopodia and thereby movements 
whenever there is lack of food or any other type of adverse condition. It becomes 
rounded and forms a protective covering around plasma membrane. Such encysted 
Amoeba or any other protistis called as ‘Cyst’. Many nuclei are formed by repeated 
nuclear divisions in the cyst. It is followed by cytoplasmic division and thus, many 
amoebulae are formed. They remain encysted till there are adverse conditions. Cyst 
breaks open on arrival of favorable conditions and many amoebulae are released. 
Page 5


Life Processes in Living Organisms Part-2 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Complete the following chart. 
 
 
Answer : 
 
Q. 2. Fill in the blanks. 
 
a. In humans, sperm production occurs in the organ ----------------. 
b. In humans, ------ chromosome is responsible for maleness. 
c. In male and female reproductive system of human, ------------- gland is same. 
d. Implantation of the embryo occurs in ------ 
e. ---------- type of reproduction occurs without fusion of gametes. 
f. The body breaks up into several fragments and each fragment starts to live as a 
new individual. This is -- -- -- -- -- -- -- type of reproduction. 
g. Pollen grains are formed by -- ----- -- -- -- division in locules of anthers. 
Answer : a. Testes, 
Explanation: Testes are situated in the scrotum, outside the abdominal cavity. Testes 
contain numerous seminiferous tubules which consists of germinal epithelium it divides 
by meiosis to produce sperms. 
 
b. Y chromosome. 
Explanation: Men have XY sex chromosomes 
and women have XX sex-chromosomes. A reproductive system with specific organs 
develops in the body of men and women due to these sex-chromosomes only. X-
chromosome is present in both whereas Y-chromosome is present in men only. 
c. Pituitary gland. 
Explanation: Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), Luteinizing hormone(LH) are the 
hormones found in male and females. FSH stimulates testicular growth in male’s LH is 
also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell 
production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with FSH. In females, an acute rise of 
LH ("LH surge") triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 
This hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of 
an egg from one follicle at ovulation. 
d. Oviduct. 
Explanation: Formation of a zygote by the union of sperm and ovum is called as 
fertilization. It is internal in humans. Semen is ejaculated in the vagina during 
copulation. This semen consists numbers of few millions start their journey by the route 
of vagina – uterus – oviduct. One of those few million sperms fertilizes the only ovum 
present in the oviduct. 
e. Asexual. 
Explanation: The process of formation of a new organism by an organism of same 
species without the involvement of gametes is called as asexual reproduction. This 
reproduction does not involve the union of two different gametes, therefore, the new 
organism has exact genetic similarity with the reproducing organism. 
f. Fragmentation. 
Explanation: This type of asexual reproduction occurs in multicellular organisms; the 
body of parent organism breaks up into many fragments and each fragment starts to 
live as an independent new organism. This type of reproduction occurs in algae like 
Spirogyra, and sponges. 
g. meiosis 
Explanation: Meiosis takes place in locules of anther which forms haploid pollen grains. 
Q. 3. Complete the paragraph with the help of words given in the bracket. 
 
(Luteinizing hormone, endometrium of uterus, follicle stimulating hormone, 
estrogen, progesterone, corpus luteum) 
Answer : Growth of follicles present in the ovary occurs under the effect of follicle 
stimulating hormone. This follicle secretes estrogen. Endometrium of uterus grows / 
regenerates under the effect of estrogen. Under the effect of estrogen fully grown up 
follicle bursts, ovulation occurs and corpus luteum is formed from remaining part of 
follicle. It secrets progesterone and estrogen. 
 
Under the effect of these hormones, glands of endometrium of uterus are activated and 
it becomes ready for implantation. 
Q. 4. A. Answer the following questions in short. 
 
Explain with examples types of asexual reproduction in unicellular organism. 
Answer : Asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms 
1. Binary Fission: 
The parent cell divides to form two similar daughter cells is called Binary fission. It 
occurs either by mitosis or amitosis.eg: Prokaryotes (Bacteria), Protista (Amoeba, 
Paramecium, Euglena, etc.) and eukaryotic cell-organelle like mitochondria and 
chloroplasts perform asexual reproduction by binary fission. 
 
2. Multiple Fission 
Multiple fission usually found in Amoeba and other similar 
Protista. Amoeba stops the formation of pseudopodia and thereby movements 
whenever there is lack of food or any other type of adverse condition. It becomes 
rounded and forms a protective covering around plasma membrane. Such encysted 
Amoeba or any other protistis called as ‘Cyst’. Many nuclei are formed by repeated 
nuclear divisions in the cyst. It is followed by cytoplasmic division and thus, many 
amoebulae are formed. They remain encysted till there are adverse conditions. Cyst 
breaks open on arrival of favorable conditions and many amoebulae are released. 
 
3. Budding: 
In budding a small bud comes out of many parent cells. It occurs by budding in yeast- a 
unicellular fungus. A small bulge appears on the surface of parent cell. This bulge is 
actually a bud. One of the two daughter nuclei enters this bud. After sufficient growth, 
bud separates from the parent cell and starts to live independently as a daughter yeast 
cell. Yeast cell produces two daughter nuclei by mitotic division by budding. This yeast 
cell is called as parent cell. 
 
Q. 4. B. Answer the following questions in short. 
 
Explain the concept of IVF. 
Answer : IVF stands for in vitro fertilization; technique fertilization is brought about in 
the test-tube and the embryo formed is implanted in uterus of woman at appropriate 
time. 
IVF technique is used for having the child in case of those childless couples who have 
problems like less sperm count, obstacles in oviduct, etc. 
For women having problems in implantation of embryo in uterus. Such women can take 
the help of the modern remedial technique called as surrogacy. In this technique, oocyte 
is collected from the ovary of the woman having problem in implantation in uterus. That 
oocyte is fertilized in test-tube with the help of sperms collected from her husband. The 
embryo formed from such fertilization is implanted in the uterus of some other woman 
having normal uterus. Such a woman, uterus the embryo is implanted, is called as 
surrogate mother.