Textbook Solutions: Animal Classification | Science and Technology Class 10 (Maharashtra SSC Board) PDF Download

 Page 1


Animal Classification 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Identify me. 
 
I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to? 
Answer : Cnidaria 
Explanation- Cnidaria is diploblastic i.e. it consists of two germ layers. There is an 
absence of body cavity in it which makes it an acoelomate. 
Q. 1. B. Identify me. 
 
My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I 
am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name? 
Answer : Star fish 
Explanation- Starfish belong to the phylum Echinodermata. Their body is triploblastic, 
acoelomate and are radially symmetrical in the adult stage. 
Q. 1. C. Identify me. 
 
I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In 
which phylum will you include me? 
Answer : Ascaris (Intestinal worms)-Phylum Aschelminthes 
Explanation- The intestinal worms belong to the Phylum Aschelminthes. Body of these 
animals is triploblastic and Pseudo coelomate. 
Q. 1. D. Identify me. 
 
Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of 
my phylum? 
Answer : Porifera 
Explanation- Animals belonging to the phylum Porifera have the simplest body plan 
and are called as sponges. They bear numerous pores on their body. 
Q. 2. Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of 
classification chart. 
Page 2


Animal Classification 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Identify me. 
 
I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to? 
Answer : Cnidaria 
Explanation- Cnidaria is diploblastic i.e. it consists of two germ layers. There is an 
absence of body cavity in it which makes it an acoelomate. 
Q. 1. B. Identify me. 
 
My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I 
am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name? 
Answer : Star fish 
Explanation- Starfish belong to the phylum Echinodermata. Their body is triploblastic, 
acoelomate and are radially symmetrical in the adult stage. 
Q. 1. C. Identify me. 
 
I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In 
which phylum will you include me? 
Answer : Ascaris (Intestinal worms)-Phylum Aschelminthes 
Explanation- The intestinal worms belong to the Phylum Aschelminthes. Body of these 
animals is triploblastic and Pseudo coelomate. 
Q. 1. D. Identify me. 
 
Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of 
my phylum? 
Answer : Porifera 
Explanation- Animals belonging to the phylum Porifera have the simplest body plan 
and are called as sponges. They bear numerous pores on their body. 
Q. 2. Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of 
classification chart. 
 
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish. 
Answer : 1. Bath sponge: Phylum- Porifera 
These animals are with simplest body plan and are called as ‘Sponges’. They bear 
numerous pores on their body. Those pores are called as ‘Ostia’ and ‘Oscula’. These 
are aquatic animals and are mostly asymmetrical. 
2. Grasshopper: Phylum- Arthropoda 
These animals have jointed appendages. Body of these animals is triploblastic, 
eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented. 
3. Rohu: Phylum – Pisces 
These are cold blooded aquatic animals living in marine and fresh waters. Their body is 
spindle shaped to minimize water-resistance. They have paired & un-paired fins for 
swimming. The tail fin is useful as a steering organ during swimming. They use gills for 
respiration. 
4. Penguin: Phylum- Aves 
These vertebrates are completely adapted for aerial life. These are warm blooded i.e. 
they can maintain their body temperature constant and their body is spindle-shaped to 
minimize air resistance during flight. Their forelimbs are modified into wings and the 
digits are covered with scales and bear claws. Exoskeleton is present in the form of 
feathers. 
5. Frog: Phylum- Amphibia 
These animals are strictly aquatic during larval life and perform only aquatic respiration 
whereas they can live in water as well as on land during adult life and can perform 
aquatic as well as aerial respiration. They have two pairs of appendages and their digits 
are without claws. 
6. Lizard: Phylum- Reptilia 
These are cold blooded animals. They creep on the land as their body cannot be lifted 
up. Their skin is dry and scaly. 
 
 
7. Elephant: Phylum- Mammalia 
Page 3


Animal Classification 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Identify me. 
 
I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to? 
Answer : Cnidaria 
Explanation- Cnidaria is diploblastic i.e. it consists of two germ layers. There is an 
absence of body cavity in it which makes it an acoelomate. 
Q. 1. B. Identify me. 
 
My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I 
am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name? 
Answer : Star fish 
Explanation- Starfish belong to the phylum Echinodermata. Their body is triploblastic, 
acoelomate and are radially symmetrical in the adult stage. 
Q. 1. C. Identify me. 
 
I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In 
which phylum will you include me? 
Answer : Ascaris (Intestinal worms)-Phylum Aschelminthes 
Explanation- The intestinal worms belong to the Phylum Aschelminthes. Body of these 
animals is triploblastic and Pseudo coelomate. 
Q. 1. D. Identify me. 
 
Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of 
my phylum? 
Answer : Porifera 
Explanation- Animals belonging to the phylum Porifera have the simplest body plan 
and are called as sponges. They bear numerous pores on their body. 
Q. 2. Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of 
classification chart. 
 
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish. 
Answer : 1. Bath sponge: Phylum- Porifera 
These animals are with simplest body plan and are called as ‘Sponges’. They bear 
numerous pores on their body. Those pores are called as ‘Ostia’ and ‘Oscula’. These 
are aquatic animals and are mostly asymmetrical. 
2. Grasshopper: Phylum- Arthropoda 
These animals have jointed appendages. Body of these animals is triploblastic, 
eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented. 
3. Rohu: Phylum – Pisces 
These are cold blooded aquatic animals living in marine and fresh waters. Their body is 
spindle shaped to minimize water-resistance. They have paired & un-paired fins for 
swimming. The tail fin is useful as a steering organ during swimming. They use gills for 
respiration. 
4. Penguin: Phylum- Aves 
These vertebrates are completely adapted for aerial life. These are warm blooded i.e. 
they can maintain their body temperature constant and their body is spindle-shaped to 
minimize air resistance during flight. Their forelimbs are modified into wings and the 
digits are covered with scales and bear claws. Exoskeleton is present in the form of 
feathers. 
5. Frog: Phylum- Amphibia 
These animals are strictly aquatic during larval life and perform only aquatic respiration 
whereas they can live in water as well as on land during adult life and can perform 
aquatic as well as aerial respiration. They have two pairs of appendages and their digits 
are without claws. 
6. Lizard: Phylum- Reptilia 
These are cold blooded animals. They creep on the land as their body cannot be lifted 
up. Their skin is dry and scaly. 
 
 
7. Elephant: Phylum- Mammalia 
Presence of mammary glands is typical character of this phylum. These animals are 
warm blooded. Their body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail and their digits are 
provided with nails, claws, or hooves. 
8. Jellyfish: Phylum- Cnidaria 
Body of these animals is cylindrical or umbrella-like. Most of these animals are marine. 
Only few are fresh-water dwellers. Their body is radially symmetrical & diploblastic. 
Tentacles are useful for capturing the prey whereas cnidoblasts inject the toxin in the 
body of prey. Those are useful for protection too. 
Q. 3. Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification. 
Answer : i. Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform the animal classification. 
He classified the animals according to the criteria like body size, habits and habitats. It 
is known as ‘Artificial method’. 
ii. Besides Aristotle, artificial method of classification was followed by Theophrastus, 
Pliny, John Ray, Linnaeus, etc. 
iii. Later on, ‘Natural system of classification’ was followed. Natural system of 
classification was based on various criteria like body organization, types of cells, 
chromosomes, bio-chemical properties, etc. Dobzhansky and Meyer propagated the 
use of system of classification based on evolution. 
iv. Recently, Carl Woese has also proposed the animal classification. This system of 
animal classification was in practice till now. 
v. At present, according to the five kingdom classification system of Robert Whittaker, 
all multicellular animals are included in Kingdom: Animalia. This system of classification 
is based upon some criteria like Body organization, Body symmetry, Body cavity, 
Germinal layers, Segmentation, etc. 
Q. 4. What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? 
explain win examples. 
Answer : a. Body Organization 
i. Body organization of unicellular animals is referred as ‘Protoplasmic grade’ 
organization. 
ii. In case of multicellular animals, if tissues are not formed, their body organization is 
called as ‘Cellular grade organization’. Ex. Phylum-Porifera. 
Page 4


Animal Classification 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Identify me. 
 
I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to? 
Answer : Cnidaria 
Explanation- Cnidaria is diploblastic i.e. it consists of two germ layers. There is an 
absence of body cavity in it which makes it an acoelomate. 
Q. 1. B. Identify me. 
 
My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I 
am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name? 
Answer : Star fish 
Explanation- Starfish belong to the phylum Echinodermata. Their body is triploblastic, 
acoelomate and are radially symmetrical in the adult stage. 
Q. 1. C. Identify me. 
 
I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In 
which phylum will you include me? 
Answer : Ascaris (Intestinal worms)-Phylum Aschelminthes 
Explanation- The intestinal worms belong to the Phylum Aschelminthes. Body of these 
animals is triploblastic and Pseudo coelomate. 
Q. 1. D. Identify me. 
 
Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of 
my phylum? 
Answer : Porifera 
Explanation- Animals belonging to the phylum Porifera have the simplest body plan 
and are called as sponges. They bear numerous pores on their body. 
Q. 2. Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of 
classification chart. 
 
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish. 
Answer : 1. Bath sponge: Phylum- Porifera 
These animals are with simplest body plan and are called as ‘Sponges’. They bear 
numerous pores on their body. Those pores are called as ‘Ostia’ and ‘Oscula’. These 
are aquatic animals and are mostly asymmetrical. 
2. Grasshopper: Phylum- Arthropoda 
These animals have jointed appendages. Body of these animals is triploblastic, 
eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented. 
3. Rohu: Phylum – Pisces 
These are cold blooded aquatic animals living in marine and fresh waters. Their body is 
spindle shaped to minimize water-resistance. They have paired & un-paired fins for 
swimming. The tail fin is useful as a steering organ during swimming. They use gills for 
respiration. 
4. Penguin: Phylum- Aves 
These vertebrates are completely adapted for aerial life. These are warm blooded i.e. 
they can maintain their body temperature constant and their body is spindle-shaped to 
minimize air resistance during flight. Their forelimbs are modified into wings and the 
digits are covered with scales and bear claws. Exoskeleton is present in the form of 
feathers. 
5. Frog: Phylum- Amphibia 
These animals are strictly aquatic during larval life and perform only aquatic respiration 
whereas they can live in water as well as on land during adult life and can perform 
aquatic as well as aerial respiration. They have two pairs of appendages and their digits 
are without claws. 
6. Lizard: Phylum- Reptilia 
These are cold blooded animals. They creep on the land as their body cannot be lifted 
up. Their skin is dry and scaly. 
 
 
7. Elephant: Phylum- Mammalia 
Presence of mammary glands is typical character of this phylum. These animals are 
warm blooded. Their body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail and their digits are 
provided with nails, claws, or hooves. 
8. Jellyfish: Phylum- Cnidaria 
Body of these animals is cylindrical or umbrella-like. Most of these animals are marine. 
Only few are fresh-water dwellers. Their body is radially symmetrical & diploblastic. 
Tentacles are useful for capturing the prey whereas cnidoblasts inject the toxin in the 
body of prey. Those are useful for protection too. 
Q. 3. Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification. 
Answer : i. Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform the animal classification. 
He classified the animals according to the criteria like body size, habits and habitats. It 
is known as ‘Artificial method’. 
ii. Besides Aristotle, artificial method of classification was followed by Theophrastus, 
Pliny, John Ray, Linnaeus, etc. 
iii. Later on, ‘Natural system of classification’ was followed. Natural system of 
classification was based on various criteria like body organization, types of cells, 
chromosomes, bio-chemical properties, etc. Dobzhansky and Meyer propagated the 
use of system of classification based on evolution. 
iv. Recently, Carl Woese has also proposed the animal classification. This system of 
animal classification was in practice till now. 
v. At present, according to the five kingdom classification system of Robert Whittaker, 
all multicellular animals are included in Kingdom: Animalia. This system of classification 
is based upon some criteria like Body organization, Body symmetry, Body cavity, 
Germinal layers, Segmentation, etc. 
Q. 4. What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? 
explain win examples. 
Answer : a. Body Organization 
i. Body organization of unicellular animals is referred as ‘Protoplasmic grade’ 
organization. 
ii. In case of multicellular animals, if tissues are not formed, their body organization is 
called as ‘Cellular grade organization’. Ex. Phylum-Porifera. 
iii. In case of some animals, cells come together to form tissues with the help of which 
all the body functions are performed. Such animals show ‘Cell - tissue grade’ 
organization. Ex. Animals from phylum- Cnidaria. 
iv. Flat worms show ‘Tissue-Organ grade’ organization. In this type of organization, 
tissues are organized to form some organs. However, complete organsystems are not 
formed. 
v. Remaining all animals show ‘Organ-system grade organization’ in which different 
organs are joined together to form organsystem that performs specific functions. Ex. 
Crab, Frog, Human, etc. 
b. Body symmetry 
vi. In imaginary sense, if body of any animal is cut through imaginary axis of body, it 
may or may not produce two equal halves. Depending upon this property, there are 
different types of animal bodies. 
vii. Asymmetrical Body: In case of such body, there is no any such imaginary axis of the 
body through which we can get two equal halves. Ex. Amoeba, Paramoecium, some 
sponges. 
viii. Radial symmetry: In this type of body, if imaginary cut passes through central axis 
but any plane of body, it gives two equal halves. Ex. Star fish. 
ix. Bilateral symmetry: In this type of body, there is only one such imaginary axis of 
body through which we can get two equal halves. Ex. Insects, fishes, frog, birds, 
human, etc. 
Q. 5. A. Answer in brief. 
 
a. Give scientific classification of shark upto class. 
Answer : Kingdom- Animalia 
Sub-kingdom- Chordates 
Phylum- Chordata 
Subphylum- Vertebrata 
Class- Pisces 
Q. 5. B. Answer in brief. 
 
Write four distinguishing characters of phylum- Echinodermata. 
Page 5


Animal Classification 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Identify me. 
 
I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to? 
Answer : Cnidaria 
Explanation- Cnidaria is diploblastic i.e. it consists of two germ layers. There is an 
absence of body cavity in it which makes it an acoelomate. 
Q. 1. B. Identify me. 
 
My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I 
am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name? 
Answer : Star fish 
Explanation- Starfish belong to the phylum Echinodermata. Their body is triploblastic, 
acoelomate and are radially symmetrical in the adult stage. 
Q. 1. C. Identify me. 
 
I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In 
which phylum will you include me? 
Answer : Ascaris (Intestinal worms)-Phylum Aschelminthes 
Explanation- The intestinal worms belong to the Phylum Aschelminthes. Body of these 
animals is triploblastic and Pseudo coelomate. 
Q. 1. D. Identify me. 
 
Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of 
my phylum? 
Answer : Porifera 
Explanation- Animals belonging to the phylum Porifera have the simplest body plan 
and are called as sponges. They bear numerous pores on their body. 
Q. 2. Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of 
classification chart. 
 
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish. 
Answer : 1. Bath sponge: Phylum- Porifera 
These animals are with simplest body plan and are called as ‘Sponges’. They bear 
numerous pores on their body. Those pores are called as ‘Ostia’ and ‘Oscula’. These 
are aquatic animals and are mostly asymmetrical. 
2. Grasshopper: Phylum- Arthropoda 
These animals have jointed appendages. Body of these animals is triploblastic, 
eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented. 
3. Rohu: Phylum – Pisces 
These are cold blooded aquatic animals living in marine and fresh waters. Their body is 
spindle shaped to minimize water-resistance. They have paired & un-paired fins for 
swimming. The tail fin is useful as a steering organ during swimming. They use gills for 
respiration. 
4. Penguin: Phylum- Aves 
These vertebrates are completely adapted for aerial life. These are warm blooded i.e. 
they can maintain their body temperature constant and their body is spindle-shaped to 
minimize air resistance during flight. Their forelimbs are modified into wings and the 
digits are covered with scales and bear claws. Exoskeleton is present in the form of 
feathers. 
5. Frog: Phylum- Amphibia 
These animals are strictly aquatic during larval life and perform only aquatic respiration 
whereas they can live in water as well as on land during adult life and can perform 
aquatic as well as aerial respiration. They have two pairs of appendages and their digits 
are without claws. 
6. Lizard: Phylum- Reptilia 
These are cold blooded animals. They creep on the land as their body cannot be lifted 
up. Their skin is dry and scaly. 
 
 
7. Elephant: Phylum- Mammalia 
Presence of mammary glands is typical character of this phylum. These animals are 
warm blooded. Their body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail and their digits are 
provided with nails, claws, or hooves. 
8. Jellyfish: Phylum- Cnidaria 
Body of these animals is cylindrical or umbrella-like. Most of these animals are marine. 
Only few are fresh-water dwellers. Their body is radially symmetrical & diploblastic. 
Tentacles are useful for capturing the prey whereas cnidoblasts inject the toxin in the 
body of prey. Those are useful for protection too. 
Q. 3. Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification. 
Answer : i. Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform the animal classification. 
He classified the animals according to the criteria like body size, habits and habitats. It 
is known as ‘Artificial method’. 
ii. Besides Aristotle, artificial method of classification was followed by Theophrastus, 
Pliny, John Ray, Linnaeus, etc. 
iii. Later on, ‘Natural system of classification’ was followed. Natural system of 
classification was based on various criteria like body organization, types of cells, 
chromosomes, bio-chemical properties, etc. Dobzhansky and Meyer propagated the 
use of system of classification based on evolution. 
iv. Recently, Carl Woese has also proposed the animal classification. This system of 
animal classification was in practice till now. 
v. At present, according to the five kingdom classification system of Robert Whittaker, 
all multicellular animals are included in Kingdom: Animalia. This system of classification 
is based upon some criteria like Body organization, Body symmetry, Body cavity, 
Germinal layers, Segmentation, etc. 
Q. 4. What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? 
explain win examples. 
Answer : a. Body Organization 
i. Body organization of unicellular animals is referred as ‘Protoplasmic grade’ 
organization. 
ii. In case of multicellular animals, if tissues are not formed, their body organization is 
called as ‘Cellular grade organization’. Ex. Phylum-Porifera. 
iii. In case of some animals, cells come together to form tissues with the help of which 
all the body functions are performed. Such animals show ‘Cell - tissue grade’ 
organization. Ex. Animals from phylum- Cnidaria. 
iv. Flat worms show ‘Tissue-Organ grade’ organization. In this type of organization, 
tissues are organized to form some organs. However, complete organsystems are not 
formed. 
v. Remaining all animals show ‘Organ-system grade organization’ in which different 
organs are joined together to form organsystem that performs specific functions. Ex. 
Crab, Frog, Human, etc. 
b. Body symmetry 
vi. In imaginary sense, if body of any animal is cut through imaginary axis of body, it 
may or may not produce two equal halves. Depending upon this property, there are 
different types of animal bodies. 
vii. Asymmetrical Body: In case of such body, there is no any such imaginary axis of the 
body through which we can get two equal halves. Ex. Amoeba, Paramoecium, some 
sponges. 
viii. Radial symmetry: In this type of body, if imaginary cut passes through central axis 
but any plane of body, it gives two equal halves. Ex. Star fish. 
ix. Bilateral symmetry: In this type of body, there is only one such imaginary axis of 
body through which we can get two equal halves. Ex. Insects, fishes, frog, birds, 
human, etc. 
Q. 5. A. Answer in brief. 
 
a. Give scientific classification of shark upto class. 
Answer : Kingdom- Animalia 
Sub-kingdom- Chordates 
Phylum- Chordata 
Subphylum- Vertebrata 
Class- Pisces 
Q. 5. B. Answer in brief. 
 
Write four distinguishing characters of phylum- Echinodermata. 
Answer : 1. Calcareous spines are present on the body of these animals; hence 
they are called as echinoderms. 
2. These animals are found only in ocean. 
3. Their body is triploblastic, eucoelomate and it is radially symmetrical in adult stage. 
However, they show bilateral symmetry in larval stage. 
4. They perform locomotion with the help of tube-feet. Tube feet are also useful for 
capturing the prey. Some animals are sedentary. Examples: Star fish, sea-urchin, brittle 
star, sea-cucumber, etc. 
Q. 5. C. Answer in brief. 
 
Distinguish between butterfly and bat with the help of four distinguishing 
properties. 
Answer : 
 
Q. 5. D. Answer in brief. 
 
To which phylum does Cockroach belong? Justify your answer with scientific 
reasons. 
Answer : 1. Cockroach belongs to the phylum Arthropoda. 
2. These animals have jointed appendages. 
3. They are found in all types of habitats ranging from deepest oceans to highest 
mountains. 
4. Body of these animals is triploblastic, eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and 
segmented. 
5. Chitinous exoskeleton is present around their body.