Textbook Solutions: Cell Biology and Biotechnology | Science and Technology Class 10 (Maharashtra SSC Board) PDF Download

 Page 1


Cell Biology & Biotechnology 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and complete the statements. 
 
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for 
_______ 
b. _______ is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is _______. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the _______ for improving the 
productivity by launching NKM-16. 
Answer : a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used 
for animal husbandry. 
Artificial insemination and embryo transplantation is done to produce improved variety 
of cattle and poultry for better products such as milk, meat and eggs, etc. 
b. Stem cell research is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
Stem cell research is brings about fundamental changes in the medical science. Stem 
cells are used to replace the dead cells in case of conditions like diabetes, myocardial 
infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. Organ transplantation can be done 
with the help of stem cells. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is diabetes. 
The glucose level in the blood is increased due to less secretion of insulin. This 
condition is called diabetes. The hormone insulin is prepared with the help of bacteria, is 
used to treat diabetes. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 for improving 
the productivity by launching NKM-16. 
(NKM-16) or ‘Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 is a programme started by the Indian 
government to increase the production of fish other fishery products such as shrimp and 
lobsters. 
Page 2


Cell Biology & Biotechnology 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and complete the statements. 
 
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for 
_______ 
b. _______ is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is _______. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the _______ for improving the 
productivity by launching NKM-16. 
Answer : a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used 
for animal husbandry. 
Artificial insemination and embryo transplantation is done to produce improved variety 
of cattle and poultry for better products such as milk, meat and eggs, etc. 
b. Stem cell research is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
Stem cell research is brings about fundamental changes in the medical science. Stem 
cells are used to replace the dead cells in case of conditions like diabetes, myocardial 
infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. Organ transplantation can be done 
with the help of stem cells. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is diabetes. 
The glucose level in the blood is increased due to less secretion of insulin. This 
condition is called diabetes. The hormone insulin is prepared with the help of bacteria, is 
used to treat diabetes. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 for improving 
the productivity by launching NKM-16. 
(NKM-16) or ‘Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 is a programme started by the Indian 
government to increase the production of fish other fishery products such as shrimp and 
lobsters. 
Q. 2. Match the pairs. 
 
 
Answer : 
 
Dwarfism or short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small. In humans, an 
adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches. Somatostatin checks the production of growth 
hormones, causing dwarfism. 
Factor VIII deficiency causing hemophilia A. our body needs Factor VIII (factor 8) 
substances that form a clot. 
Interferon is a protein released by the body cell in response to the entry of a virus, which 
has the property of inhibiting virus multiplication. 
Interleukin is a g proteins that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and motility. It is used 
against cancer. 
Q. 3. Rewrite the following wrong statements after corrections. 
 
a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique. 
b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soyabean. 
Answer : a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic engineering. 
Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. 
Modifications in the genetic makeup can be generated by methods such 
as gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion. For 
example, Insulin can made with the help of bacteria by modifying its gene. 
b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into cotton. 
Page 3


Cell Biology & Biotechnology 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and complete the statements. 
 
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for 
_______ 
b. _______ is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is _______. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the _______ for improving the 
productivity by launching NKM-16. 
Answer : a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used 
for animal husbandry. 
Artificial insemination and embryo transplantation is done to produce improved variety 
of cattle and poultry for better products such as milk, meat and eggs, etc. 
b. Stem cell research is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
Stem cell research is brings about fundamental changes in the medical science. Stem 
cells are used to replace the dead cells in case of conditions like diabetes, myocardial 
infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. Organ transplantation can be done 
with the help of stem cells. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is diabetes. 
The glucose level in the blood is increased due to less secretion of insulin. This 
condition is called diabetes. The hormone insulin is prepared with the help of bacteria, is 
used to treat diabetes. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 for improving 
the productivity by launching NKM-16. 
(NKM-16) or ‘Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 is a programme started by the Indian 
government to increase the production of fish other fishery products such as shrimp and 
lobsters. 
Q. 2. Match the pairs. 
 
 
Answer : 
 
Dwarfism or short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small. In humans, an 
adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches. Somatostatin checks the production of growth 
hormones, causing dwarfism. 
Factor VIII deficiency causing hemophilia A. our body needs Factor VIII (factor 8) 
substances that form a clot. 
Interferon is a protein released by the body cell in response to the entry of a virus, which 
has the property of inhibiting virus multiplication. 
Interleukin is a g proteins that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and motility. It is used 
against cancer. 
Q. 3. Rewrite the following wrong statements after corrections. 
 
a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique. 
b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soyabean. 
Answer : a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic engineering. 
Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. 
Modifications in the genetic makeup can be generated by methods such 
as gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion. For 
example, Insulin can made with the help of bacteria by modifying its gene. 
b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into cotton. 
A gene had been isolated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and is mixed up with 
the gene of cotton. This gene controls boll worm insects which attacks cotton plants. 
Q. 4. A. Write short notes. 
 
Biotechnology: Professional uses. 
Answer : Biotechnology is used professionally in the field of: 
1. Agriculture. 
2. Animal husbandry 
3. Human health 
4. Industrial Products 
5. Environmental issues 
6. Food biotechnology 
7. DNA fingerprinting 
1. Genetically Modified Crops such as tomatoes, brinjal, golden rice, hybrid seeds, BT 
cotton, and disease resistant plants are commercially produced through biotechnology. 
2. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are used in animal husbandry to improve 
both, the quantity and quality of animal products. For example milk, meat, wool, eggs 
etc. 
3. Biotechnology helps to identify the role of gene in disease of a person. Diagnosis and 
treatment of diabetes and heart diseases has become possible. Examples 
Biotechnology is useful for production of hormones like insulin, somatotropin, and 
interferon. 
4. Various industrial chemicals can be produced through less expensive processes. 
Example: Alcohol production from sugar. 
5. It has become possible to solve environment related various problems with the help 
of biotechnology, for example treatment of sewage and solid waste. 
6. Food Biotechnology: Food items like bread, cheese, wine, beer, yoghurt, vinegar are 
produced with the help of biotechnology. 
Page 4


Cell Biology & Biotechnology 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and complete the statements. 
 
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for 
_______ 
b. _______ is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is _______. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the _______ for improving the 
productivity by launching NKM-16. 
Answer : a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used 
for animal husbandry. 
Artificial insemination and embryo transplantation is done to produce improved variety 
of cattle and poultry for better products such as milk, meat and eggs, etc. 
b. Stem cell research is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
Stem cell research is brings about fundamental changes in the medical science. Stem 
cells are used to replace the dead cells in case of conditions like diabetes, myocardial 
infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. Organ transplantation can be done 
with the help of stem cells. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is diabetes. 
The glucose level in the blood is increased due to less secretion of insulin. This 
condition is called diabetes. The hormone insulin is prepared with the help of bacteria, is 
used to treat diabetes. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 for improving 
the productivity by launching NKM-16. 
(NKM-16) or ‘Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 is a programme started by the Indian 
government to increase the production of fish other fishery products such as shrimp and 
lobsters. 
Q. 2. Match the pairs. 
 
 
Answer : 
 
Dwarfism or short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small. In humans, an 
adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches. Somatostatin checks the production of growth 
hormones, causing dwarfism. 
Factor VIII deficiency causing hemophilia A. our body needs Factor VIII (factor 8) 
substances that form a clot. 
Interferon is a protein released by the body cell in response to the entry of a virus, which 
has the property of inhibiting virus multiplication. 
Interleukin is a g proteins that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and motility. It is used 
against cancer. 
Q. 3. Rewrite the following wrong statements after corrections. 
 
a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique. 
b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soyabean. 
Answer : a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic engineering. 
Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. 
Modifications in the genetic makeup can be generated by methods such 
as gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion. For 
example, Insulin can made with the help of bacteria by modifying its gene. 
b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into cotton. 
A gene had been isolated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and is mixed up with 
the gene of cotton. This gene controls boll worm insects which attacks cotton plants. 
Q. 4. A. Write short notes. 
 
Biotechnology: Professional uses. 
Answer : Biotechnology is used professionally in the field of: 
1. Agriculture. 
2. Animal husbandry 
3. Human health 
4. Industrial Products 
5. Environmental issues 
6. Food biotechnology 
7. DNA fingerprinting 
1. Genetically Modified Crops such as tomatoes, brinjal, golden rice, hybrid seeds, BT 
cotton, and disease resistant plants are commercially produced through biotechnology. 
2. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are used in animal husbandry to improve 
both, the quantity and quality of animal products. For example milk, meat, wool, eggs 
etc. 
3. Biotechnology helps to identify the role of gene in disease of a person. Diagnosis and 
treatment of diabetes and heart diseases has become possible. Examples 
Biotechnology is useful for production of hormones like insulin, somatotropin, and 
interferon. 
4. Various industrial chemicals can be produced through less expensive processes. 
Example: Alcohol production from sugar. 
5. It has become possible to solve environment related various problems with the help 
of biotechnology, for example treatment of sewage and solid waste. 
6. Food Biotechnology: Food items like bread, cheese, wine, beer, yoghurt, vinegar are 
produced with the help of biotechnology. 
7. DNA fingerprinting is another use of biotechnology, useful in forensic sciences in 
identifying criminals. 
Q. 4. B. Write short notes. 
 
Importance of medicinal plants. 
Answer : The medicinal plant include various types of plants which are used for 
medicinal purposes. 
? Plants such as black pepper, cinnamon, aloe, sandalwood, ginseng, and safflower are 
used to heal wounds, sores and boils. 
? Some plants such as Basil, Fennel, Chives, Cilantro, Apple Mint, Thyme, Golden 
Oregano, Variegated Lemon Balm, Rosemary can be planted in kitchen garden. These 
herbs are easy to grow, look good, taste and smell amazing and many of them are 
magnets for bees and butterflies. 
? Many herbs are used as blood purifiers by removing to alter or change toxins of the 
body. These are also known as 'blood cleansers'. 
? Some plants have antibiotic properties. Turmeric is useful in inhibiting the growth of 
germs, harmful microbes and bacteria. 
? To reduce fever certain antipyretic plants such as Chirayta, black pepper, sandal 
wood and safflower are recommended by traditional Indian medicine practitioners. 
Q. 5. A. Answer the following question in your own words. 
 
Which products produced through biotechnology do you use in your daily life? 
Answer : There are many products produced through biotechnology we use our daily 
life. Some of the products are listed below: 
 
Page 5


Cell Biology & Biotechnology 
Exercise 
Q. 1. Fill in the blanks and complete the statements. 
 
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for 
_______ 
b. _______ is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is _______. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the _______ for improving the 
productivity by launching NKM-16. 
Answer : a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used 
for animal husbandry. 
Artificial insemination and embryo transplantation is done to produce improved variety 
of cattle and poultry for better products such as milk, meat and eggs, etc. 
b. Stem cell research is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. 
Stem cell research is brings about fundamental changes in the medical science. Stem 
cells are used to replace the dead cells in case of conditions like diabetes, myocardial 
infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. Organ transplantation can be done 
with the help of stem cells. 
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is diabetes. 
The glucose level in the blood is increased due to less secretion of insulin. This 
condition is called diabetes. The hormone insulin is prepared with the help of bacteria, is 
used to treat diabetes. 
d. Government of India has encouraged the Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 for improving 
the productivity by launching NKM-16. 
(NKM-16) or ‘Neel-Kranti Mission-2016 is a programme started by the Indian 
government to increase the production of fish other fishery products such as shrimp and 
lobsters. 
Q. 2. Match the pairs. 
 
 
Answer : 
 
Dwarfism or short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small. In humans, an 
adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches. Somatostatin checks the production of growth 
hormones, causing dwarfism. 
Factor VIII deficiency causing hemophilia A. our body needs Factor VIII (factor 8) 
substances that form a clot. 
Interferon is a protein released by the body cell in response to the entry of a virus, which 
has the property of inhibiting virus multiplication. 
Interleukin is a g proteins that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and motility. It is used 
against cancer. 
Q. 3. Rewrite the following wrong statements after corrections. 
 
a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique. 
b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soyabean. 
Answer : a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic engineering. 
Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. 
Modifications in the genetic makeup can be generated by methods such 
as gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion. For 
example, Insulin can made with the help of bacteria by modifying its gene. 
b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into cotton. 
A gene had been isolated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and is mixed up with 
the gene of cotton. This gene controls boll worm insects which attacks cotton plants. 
Q. 4. A. Write short notes. 
 
Biotechnology: Professional uses. 
Answer : Biotechnology is used professionally in the field of: 
1. Agriculture. 
2. Animal husbandry 
3. Human health 
4. Industrial Products 
5. Environmental issues 
6. Food biotechnology 
7. DNA fingerprinting 
1. Genetically Modified Crops such as tomatoes, brinjal, golden rice, hybrid seeds, BT 
cotton, and disease resistant plants are commercially produced through biotechnology. 
2. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are used in animal husbandry to improve 
both, the quantity and quality of animal products. For example milk, meat, wool, eggs 
etc. 
3. Biotechnology helps to identify the role of gene in disease of a person. Diagnosis and 
treatment of diabetes and heart diseases has become possible. Examples 
Biotechnology is useful for production of hormones like insulin, somatotropin, and 
interferon. 
4. Various industrial chemicals can be produced through less expensive processes. 
Example: Alcohol production from sugar. 
5. It has become possible to solve environment related various problems with the help 
of biotechnology, for example treatment of sewage and solid waste. 
6. Food Biotechnology: Food items like bread, cheese, wine, beer, yoghurt, vinegar are 
produced with the help of biotechnology. 
7. DNA fingerprinting is another use of biotechnology, useful in forensic sciences in 
identifying criminals. 
Q. 4. B. Write short notes. 
 
Importance of medicinal plants. 
Answer : The medicinal plant include various types of plants which are used for 
medicinal purposes. 
? Plants such as black pepper, cinnamon, aloe, sandalwood, ginseng, and safflower are 
used to heal wounds, sores and boils. 
? Some plants such as Basil, Fennel, Chives, Cilantro, Apple Mint, Thyme, Golden 
Oregano, Variegated Lemon Balm, Rosemary can be planted in kitchen garden. These 
herbs are easy to grow, look good, taste and smell amazing and many of them are 
magnets for bees and butterflies. 
? Many herbs are used as blood purifiers by removing to alter or change toxins of the 
body. These are also known as 'blood cleansers'. 
? Some plants have antibiotic properties. Turmeric is useful in inhibiting the growth of 
germs, harmful microbes and bacteria. 
? To reduce fever certain antipyretic plants such as Chirayta, black pepper, sandal 
wood and safflower are recommended by traditional Indian medicine practitioners. 
Q. 5. A. Answer the following question in your own words. 
 
Which products produced through biotechnology do you use in your daily life? 
Answer : There are many products produced through biotechnology we use our daily 
life. Some of the products are listed below: 
 
 
Q. 5. B. Answer the following question in your own words. 
 
Which precautions will you take during spraying of pesticides? 
Answer : While using pesticides the following precautions to taken: 
 
? Always protect your nose, eyes, mouth, ears and hands. 
? Apply only at recommended dose. 
? Do not apply on hot sunny day or strong windy condition. 
? Do not apply just before the rains and also after the rains. 
? Do not apply against the wind direction. 
? Containers, buckets etc. used for mixing pesticides should not be used for domestic 
purposes. 
? Avoid entry of animals and workers in the fields immediately after spraying. 
? Never re-use empty pesticide container for any purpose 
Q. 5. C. Answer the following question in your own words. 
 
Why some of the organs in human body are most valuable? 
Answer : The organs which cannot be donated during life time are valuable organs, 
examples are liver, heart, eyes. These organs can be donated after death 
only.The embryonic stem cells are very valuable because these are special types of 
cells present in the body of multicellular organisms. These cells give rise to all other 
types of cells present in the body of multicellular organisms. 
Q. 5. D. Answer the following question in your own words. 
 
Explain the importance of fruit processing in human life?