Textbook Solutions: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife | Geography Class 10 (Maharashtra SSC Board) PDF Download

 Page 1


5. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Exercise
1. Question
On the basis of the information given in the chapter, figures and maps, complete the table below:
Answer
2 A. Question
Identify the odd man out
Forest type of Brazil-
A. thorny bush type vegetation
B. evergreen forests
C. the Himalayan Forests
D. Deciduous forests
Answer
The Himalayan Forests are found in the Himalayan mountain ranges found in India. They can further be
subdivided into three types of forests depending on their altitude.
2 B. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to India-
A. Mangrove forests
B. Mediterranean forests
C. Thorny bush-type vegetation
Page 2


5. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Exercise
1. Question
On the basis of the information given in the chapter, figures and maps, complete the table below:
Answer
2 A. Question
Identify the odd man out
Forest type of Brazil-
A. thorny bush type vegetation
B. evergreen forests
C. the Himalayan Forests
D. Deciduous forests
Answer
The Himalayan Forests are found in the Himalayan mountain ranges found in India. They can further be
subdivided into three types of forests depending on their altitude.
2 B. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to India-
A. Mangrove forests
B. Mediterranean forests
C. Thorny bush-type vegetation
D. Equatorial forests
Answer
Mediterranean forests are found in places with the Mediterranean climate. India does not have Mediterranean
climate and therefore, does not have Mediterranean forests.
2 C. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to fauna of Brazil-
A. Anaconda
B. Tamairin
C. Red Panda
D. Lion
Answer
Red Panda is native to the Himalayan region in India and China. It is not found in Brazil. Lions are also not
found in Brazil. They are found majorly in Africa and Asian regions like India.
2 D. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to flora of India-
A. Deodar
B. Anjan
C. Orchid
D. Banyan
Answer
B
Deodar, Orchid and Banyan are all trees and plants that form the flora of India.
3. Question
Match the columns:
(a) Evergreen Forests
(b) Deciduous Forests
(c) Coastal Forests
(d) Himalayan Forests
(e) Thorny and bush type vegetation
(i) Sundar trees
(ii) Pine
(iii) Pau Brasil
(iv) Khejadi
(v) Teak
(vi) Orchid
(vii) Sal
Page 3


5. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Exercise
1. Question
On the basis of the information given in the chapter, figures and maps, complete the table below:
Answer
2 A. Question
Identify the odd man out
Forest type of Brazil-
A. thorny bush type vegetation
B. evergreen forests
C. the Himalayan Forests
D. Deciduous forests
Answer
The Himalayan Forests are found in the Himalayan mountain ranges found in India. They can further be
subdivided into three types of forests depending on their altitude.
2 B. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to India-
A. Mangrove forests
B. Mediterranean forests
C. Thorny bush-type vegetation
D. Equatorial forests
Answer
Mediterranean forests are found in places with the Mediterranean climate. India does not have Mediterranean
climate and therefore, does not have Mediterranean forests.
2 C. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to fauna of Brazil-
A. Anaconda
B. Tamairin
C. Red Panda
D. Lion
Answer
Red Panda is native to the Himalayan region in India and China. It is not found in Brazil. Lions are also not
found in Brazil. They are found majorly in Africa and Asian regions like India.
2 D. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to flora of India-
A. Deodar
B. Anjan
C. Orchid
D. Banyan
Answer
B
Deodar, Orchid and Banyan are all trees and plants that form the flora of India.
3. Question
Match the columns:
(a) Evergreen Forests
(b) Deciduous Forests
(c) Coastal Forests
(d) Himalayan Forests
(e) Thorny and bush type vegetation
(i) Sundar trees
(ii) Pine
(iii) Pau Brasil
(iv) Khejadi
(v) Teak
(vi) Orchid
(vii) Sal
Answer
a) Evergreen Forests – iii) Pau Brasil, vi) Orchid
b) Deciduous Forests – v) Teak
c) Coastal Forests – i) Sundar trees
d) Himalayan Forests – ii) Pine, vii) Sal
e) Thorny and bush type vegetation – iv) Khejadi
Note:
Evergreen forests: usually occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of
15 to 30 degrees Celsius.
Deciduous forests: They are a variety of temperate forest dominated by trees that lose their leaves each
year.
Coastal forests: They are terrestrial habitats which consists of different forms of plants that grow near
shores, ranging from creepers to tall trees.
Himalayan forests: They are a large subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion covering portions of Bhutan,
India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Thorny and bush type vegetation: They are found in regions where the rainfall is less than 70cm.
4 A. Question
Answer in short:
Differentiate between the forest types of Brazil and India.
Answer
4 B. Question
Answer in short:
Correlate wildlife and natural vegetation in India and Brazil.
Answer
Relation between the wildlife and natural vegetation in India and Brazil:
1. Vegetation: Both are highly diverse in terms of flora with common species like mahogany, orchids, thorny
shrubs etc. depending on the type of forests.
2. Wildlife: Both are Mega-diverse countries with common animals like monkeys, crocodiles, birds like
parrots, insects, fishes etc.
4 C. Question
Answer in short:
What environmental issues are faced by Brazil and India?
Answer
Environmental issues:
1. Commercial activities like poaching and habitat destruction has led to the extinction of many species.
Page 4


5. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Exercise
1. Question
On the basis of the information given in the chapter, figures and maps, complete the table below:
Answer
2 A. Question
Identify the odd man out
Forest type of Brazil-
A. thorny bush type vegetation
B. evergreen forests
C. the Himalayan Forests
D. Deciduous forests
Answer
The Himalayan Forests are found in the Himalayan mountain ranges found in India. They can further be
subdivided into three types of forests depending on their altitude.
2 B. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to India-
A. Mangrove forests
B. Mediterranean forests
C. Thorny bush-type vegetation
D. Equatorial forests
Answer
Mediterranean forests are found in places with the Mediterranean climate. India does not have Mediterranean
climate and therefore, does not have Mediterranean forests.
2 C. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to fauna of Brazil-
A. Anaconda
B. Tamairin
C. Red Panda
D. Lion
Answer
Red Panda is native to the Himalayan region in India and China. It is not found in Brazil. Lions are also not
found in Brazil. They are found majorly in Africa and Asian regions like India.
2 D. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to flora of India-
A. Deodar
B. Anjan
C. Orchid
D. Banyan
Answer
B
Deodar, Orchid and Banyan are all trees and plants that form the flora of India.
3. Question
Match the columns:
(a) Evergreen Forests
(b) Deciduous Forests
(c) Coastal Forests
(d) Himalayan Forests
(e) Thorny and bush type vegetation
(i) Sundar trees
(ii) Pine
(iii) Pau Brasil
(iv) Khejadi
(v) Teak
(vi) Orchid
(vii) Sal
Answer
a) Evergreen Forests – iii) Pau Brasil, vi) Orchid
b) Deciduous Forests – v) Teak
c) Coastal Forests – i) Sundar trees
d) Himalayan Forests – ii) Pine, vii) Sal
e) Thorny and bush type vegetation – iv) Khejadi
Note:
Evergreen forests: usually occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of
15 to 30 degrees Celsius.
Deciduous forests: They are a variety of temperate forest dominated by trees that lose their leaves each
year.
Coastal forests: They are terrestrial habitats which consists of different forms of plants that grow near
shores, ranging from creepers to tall trees.
Himalayan forests: They are a large subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion covering portions of Bhutan,
India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Thorny and bush type vegetation: They are found in regions where the rainfall is less than 70cm.
4 A. Question
Answer in short:
Differentiate between the forest types of Brazil and India.
Answer
4 B. Question
Answer in short:
Correlate wildlife and natural vegetation in India and Brazil.
Answer
Relation between the wildlife and natural vegetation in India and Brazil:
1. Vegetation: Both are highly diverse in terms of flora with common species like mahogany, orchids, thorny
shrubs etc. depending on the type of forests.
2. Wildlife: Both are Mega-diverse countries with common animals like monkeys, crocodiles, birds like
parrots, insects, fishes etc.
4 C. Question
Answer in short:
What environmental issues are faced by Brazil and India?
Answer
Environmental issues:
1. Commercial activities like poaching and habitat destruction has led to the extinction of many species.
2. Deforestation is the leading cause for the destruction of forests which in turn effects the environment
badly.
3. Other issues include deforestation in the Amazon basin, illegal wildlife trade, air and water pollution, land
degradation caused by mining activities, wetland degradation and severe oil spills, among others.
4 D. Question
Answer in short:
What are the major causes of degradation of forest in Brazil and India?
Answer
Causes of degradation of forests:
1. Deforestation is the major cause for degradation of forests. It is done for mining, building dams, expanding
agriculture etc.
2. Industrial development has caused degradation of forests through pollution, over-exploitation,
encroachments etc.
Rainforests have decreased in size primarily due to deforestation. Despite reductions in the deforestation
rate over the last ten years, the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% by 2030 at the current rate.
4 E. Question
Answer in short:
Why does the deciduous type of vegetation occupy most of India?
Answer
Deciduous forests require foll. conditions ot grow which are found in most parts of India:
1. Rainfall between 70-200 cm.
2. hot and humid climate.
Common trees are teak, mulberry, bamboo, sandal wood, etc. It is found majorly in Northern, Central and
Southern India.
5 A. Question
Give geographical reasons
The northern part of Brazil is covered by dense forests.
Answer
The northern part of Brazil is closest to the equator and therefore receives maximum rainfall. Evergreen
forests are found in this region around the Amazon basin as it rains throughout the year. These are highly
dense in terms of both vegetation and wildlife. Because of the deposition of sediments brought up by the
river amazon and as the amazon canal is 150km in width, it forms ideal conditions in terms of soil and water
for the growth of dense forests. Also, there is plenty of sunlight in Brazil as the Tropic of Capricorn passes
through it.
5 B. Question
Give geographical reasons
Vegetation is scarce in the high altitudes of Himalayas.
Answer
Vegetation is scarce in the high altitudes of Himalayas because of two reasons:
1. extremely cold weather.
2. top is covered with snow.
Only seasonally flowering trees are found in the high altitudes.
Page 5


5. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Exercise
1. Question
On the basis of the information given in the chapter, figures and maps, complete the table below:
Answer
2 A. Question
Identify the odd man out
Forest type of Brazil-
A. thorny bush type vegetation
B. evergreen forests
C. the Himalayan Forests
D. Deciduous forests
Answer
The Himalayan Forests are found in the Himalayan mountain ranges found in India. They can further be
subdivided into three types of forests depending on their altitude.
2 B. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to India-
A. Mangrove forests
B. Mediterranean forests
C. Thorny bush-type vegetation
D. Equatorial forests
Answer
Mediterranean forests are found in places with the Mediterranean climate. India does not have Mediterranean
climate and therefore, does not have Mediterranean forests.
2 C. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to fauna of Brazil-
A. Anaconda
B. Tamairin
C. Red Panda
D. Lion
Answer
Red Panda is native to the Himalayan region in India and China. It is not found in Brazil. Lions are also not
found in Brazil. They are found majorly in Africa and Asian regions like India.
2 D. Question
Identify the odd man out
With reference to flora of India-
A. Deodar
B. Anjan
C. Orchid
D. Banyan
Answer
B
Deodar, Orchid and Banyan are all trees and plants that form the flora of India.
3. Question
Match the columns:
(a) Evergreen Forests
(b) Deciduous Forests
(c) Coastal Forests
(d) Himalayan Forests
(e) Thorny and bush type vegetation
(i) Sundar trees
(ii) Pine
(iii) Pau Brasil
(iv) Khejadi
(v) Teak
(vi) Orchid
(vii) Sal
Answer
a) Evergreen Forests – iii) Pau Brasil, vi) Orchid
b) Deciduous Forests – v) Teak
c) Coastal Forests – i) Sundar trees
d) Himalayan Forests – ii) Pine, vii) Sal
e) Thorny and bush type vegetation – iv) Khejadi
Note:
Evergreen forests: usually occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of
15 to 30 degrees Celsius.
Deciduous forests: They are a variety of temperate forest dominated by trees that lose their leaves each
year.
Coastal forests: They are terrestrial habitats which consists of different forms of plants that grow near
shores, ranging from creepers to tall trees.
Himalayan forests: They are a large subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion covering portions of Bhutan,
India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Thorny and bush type vegetation: They are found in regions where the rainfall is less than 70cm.
4 A. Question
Answer in short:
Differentiate between the forest types of Brazil and India.
Answer
4 B. Question
Answer in short:
Correlate wildlife and natural vegetation in India and Brazil.
Answer
Relation between the wildlife and natural vegetation in India and Brazil:
1. Vegetation: Both are highly diverse in terms of flora with common species like mahogany, orchids, thorny
shrubs etc. depending on the type of forests.
2. Wildlife: Both are Mega-diverse countries with common animals like monkeys, crocodiles, birds like
parrots, insects, fishes etc.
4 C. Question
Answer in short:
What environmental issues are faced by Brazil and India?
Answer
Environmental issues:
1. Commercial activities like poaching and habitat destruction has led to the extinction of many species.
2. Deforestation is the leading cause for the destruction of forests which in turn effects the environment
badly.
3. Other issues include deforestation in the Amazon basin, illegal wildlife trade, air and water pollution, land
degradation caused by mining activities, wetland degradation and severe oil spills, among others.
4 D. Question
Answer in short:
What are the major causes of degradation of forest in Brazil and India?
Answer
Causes of degradation of forests:
1. Deforestation is the major cause for degradation of forests. It is done for mining, building dams, expanding
agriculture etc.
2. Industrial development has caused degradation of forests through pollution, over-exploitation,
encroachments etc.
Rainforests have decreased in size primarily due to deforestation. Despite reductions in the deforestation
rate over the last ten years, the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% by 2030 at the current rate.
4 E. Question
Answer in short:
Why does the deciduous type of vegetation occupy most of India?
Answer
Deciduous forests require foll. conditions ot grow which are found in most parts of India:
1. Rainfall between 70-200 cm.
2. hot and humid climate.
Common trees are teak, mulberry, bamboo, sandal wood, etc. It is found majorly in Northern, Central and
Southern India.
5 A. Question
Give geographical reasons
The northern part of Brazil is covered by dense forests.
Answer
The northern part of Brazil is closest to the equator and therefore receives maximum rainfall. Evergreen
forests are found in this region around the Amazon basin as it rains throughout the year. These are highly
dense in terms of both vegetation and wildlife. Because of the deposition of sediments brought up by the
river amazon and as the amazon canal is 150km in width, it forms ideal conditions in terms of soil and water
for the growth of dense forests. Also, there is plenty of sunlight in Brazil as the Tropic of Capricorn passes
through it.
5 B. Question
Give geographical reasons
Vegetation is scarce in the high altitudes of Himalayas.
Answer
Vegetation is scarce in the high altitudes of Himalayas because of two reasons:
1. extremely cold weather.
2. top is covered with snow.
Only seasonally flowering trees are found in the high altitudes.
5 C. Question
Give geographical reasons
A wide variety of species of insects is found in Brazil.
Answer
A wide variety of insects is found in Brazil because it has a high diversity and density of wildlife in the
Amazon rainforests. Evergreen forests are found in this region around the Amazon basin as it rains
throughout the year. Because of the deposition of sediments brought up by the river amazon and as the
amazon canal is 150km in width, it forms ideal conditions in terms of soil and water for the growth of dense
forests. Apart from the numerous species found in the tropical rainforests of north, they are also found in the
swamps, grasslands, deciduous forests etc.
5 D. Question
Give geographical reasons
Wildlife in India is decreasing day by day.
Answer
Wildlife in India is decreasing day by day due to many reasons which are as below:
1. habitat destruction through deforestation and pollution.
2. Illegal activities like poaching.
3. Human animal conflict
Government is taking various initiatives to protect the wildlife of India by bringing in laws against poaching
and creating awareness on animal protection like the ‘Project Tiger’, etc.
5 E. Question
Give geographical reasons
Like India, there is need of conservation of forests in Brazil too.
Answer
A wide variety of wildlife is found in Brazil because it has a high diversity especially in the Amazon
rainforests. Evergreen forests are found in this region around the Amazon basin as it rains throughout the
year. Because of the deposition of sediments brought up by the river amazon and as the amazon canal is
150km in width, it forms ideal conditions in terms of soil and water for the growth of dense forests. Apart
from the numerous species found in the tropical rainforests of north, they are also found in the swamps,
grasslands, deciduous forests etc.
Forests in Brazil also need conservation like India because they are under the threat of commercial activities
like deforestation and pollution. Traditional agricultural practice like slash and burn is also a cause of
destruction. In India, government is taking various initiatives to protect the wildlife of India by bringing in
laws against poaching and creating awareness on animal protection like the ‘Project Tiger’, etc.
Intext Questions
1. Question
Tiger is the national animal of India. The number of tigers is decreasing day by day. The situation is similar
to elephants. Find information about such plants and animals. Find about their habitats. What should be done
to conserve these animals? In which regions can this be done? Make a presentation of their possible places.
Answer
The animals and plants which are on the verge of extinction are called Endangered species.
Endangered animals: