Textbook Solutions: Tourism, Transport and Communication | Geography Class 10 (Maharashtra SSC Board) PDF Download

 Page 1


9. Tourism, Transport and Communication
Exercise
1 A. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The future of tourism is bright in India due to its natural diversity.
Answer
Yes, the statement is right. The future of tourism is bright in India not just because of its natural diversity
but also due to the cultural heritage of the country. The number of both foreign as well as Indian tourists
visiting different parts of the country is steadily increasing. People visit the country for its natural, scenic
beauty, heritage, culture, civilisations and healthy nourishment. Tourism is strongly being promoted by the
government and is an important component of the country’s national income.
1 B. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer
Yes, the statement is correct. An invisible trade is a business transaction that occurs with no physical
exchange of goods. The transfer of services occurs in invisible trade. In such a case, tourism is an invisible
trade. It involves the exchange of services in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and concerned financial
institution. It involves the flow of money even if there is no direct transfer of commodities. Also, many people
are connected by the tourism industry. It leads to the generation of income with no physical trade. Thus,
tourism can be called an invisible trade.
1 C. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. The development of the transport network is not an indicator of development in
a country. Transport facilities also play an important role in development, but it is not the ultimate indicator.
Factors such as national income and per capita income are the main determinant of development in a
country. Brazil, a county having less developed transport network has a higher per capita income than India,
a country having much better transportation network. Thus, the development of transportation is not an
important determinant of development.
1 D. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Brazil’s time is ahead of India’s time.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. India is 8 hours 30 minutes ahead of BRT. Brazil itself has 5 time zones, while
India considers 82.5 ° E longitude as the Indian Standard Time. IST is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich
Meridian Time, while Brazilin time is 3 hours behind GMT. That makes India’s time ahead of Brazil’s time.
1 E. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The development of tourism in India has begun recently.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. Tourism has been the subject of India’s five-year plans from the early days. The
first effort to promote tourism was made in 1945 when the British Government constituted a committee
under Sir John Sargent for the growth of tourism. After independence, tourism development was considered
in an organised manner from the second five-year plan. National policy on tourism was formulated from
Page 2


9. Tourism, Transport and Communication
Exercise
1 A. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The future of tourism is bright in India due to its natural diversity.
Answer
Yes, the statement is right. The future of tourism is bright in India not just because of its natural diversity
but also due to the cultural heritage of the country. The number of both foreign as well as Indian tourists
visiting different parts of the country is steadily increasing. People visit the country for its natural, scenic
beauty, heritage, culture, civilisations and healthy nourishment. Tourism is strongly being promoted by the
government and is an important component of the country’s national income.
1 B. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer
Yes, the statement is correct. An invisible trade is a business transaction that occurs with no physical
exchange of goods. The transfer of services occurs in invisible trade. In such a case, tourism is an invisible
trade. It involves the exchange of services in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and concerned financial
institution. It involves the flow of money even if there is no direct transfer of commodities. Also, many people
are connected by the tourism industry. It leads to the generation of income with no physical trade. Thus,
tourism can be called an invisible trade.
1 C. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. The development of the transport network is not an indicator of development in
a country. Transport facilities also play an important role in development, but it is not the ultimate indicator.
Factors such as national income and per capita income are the main determinant of development in a
country. Brazil, a county having less developed transport network has a higher per capita income than India,
a country having much better transportation network. Thus, the development of transportation is not an
important determinant of development.
1 D. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Brazil’s time is ahead of India’s time.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. India is 8 hours 30 minutes ahead of BRT. Brazil itself has 5 time zones, while
India considers 82.5 ° E longitude as the Indian Standard Time. IST is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich
Meridian Time, while Brazilin time is 3 hours behind GMT. That makes India’s time ahead of Brazil’s time.
1 E. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The development of tourism in India has begun recently.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. Tourism has been the subject of India’s five-year plans from the early days. The
first effort to promote tourism was made in 1945 when the British Government constituted a committee
under Sir John Sargent for the growth of tourism. After independence, tourism development was considered
in an organised manner from the second five-year plan. National policy on tourism was formulated from
1982. After the 1980s, development of tourism is an integral part of the policies and programmes of the
government.
2 A. Question
Answer in short:
Which factors attract most tourists in Brazil?
Answer
Tourism is one of the largest growing service industries in Brazil. Tourism rates are rising steeply in Brazil
from the 2000s. There was a setback in the tourism industry between 2006 and 2008, but the economy is
back on track from then. Today, Brazil is one of the most visited countries in South America.
1. Brazil’s cultural integrity and natural beauty are not the only factors that draw tourists. Brazil is also a very
popular business destination. Many MNCs have their headquarters in Brazil.
2. The Amazon River basin and the impenetrable forests, widespread beaches and bays in the coast,
attractive islands and the innumerable species of flora and fauna makes Brazil an attractive tourist
destination.
3. Many places are tagged by the UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. Besides the capital city of Brasilia, cities
like Rio-de-Janeiro and Sao Paulo also attract vast tourist traffic.
4. Because of the abundance of natural resources in the country, ecotourism is also being promoted with the
participation of local people.
Most of the visitors are from Argentina, the United States, and Italy. To promote tourism, tourist VISA
requirements have been renounced for many countries including Greece, Italy, Hong Kong, Poland, Turkey,
and many others. Thus, tourism is a largely developing industry in Brazil.
2 B. Question
Answer in short:
What are the difficulties in the development of the railway system in Brazil’s internal areas?
Answer
Rail transport started in Brazil from the 19
th
 century. Still, the most common means of transportation in
Brazil is the roadways or the waterways. The extent of railways in much smaller in Brazil. It is nearly five
times smaller than the extent of roadways in Brazil.
The density of the rail network is concentrated in the eastern part of the country. The internal region is
actually devoid of the rail network. There are many difficulties in the development of the rail network in the
internal areas. The dense, impenetrable Amazon forests and the vast tributaries that form the Amazon basin
are the main reason for the lack of a rail network in the internal regions compared to the eastern side of the
country. Some areas may be defined by certain tribal groups. The acquisition of land for commencing rail
network is also a big issue. The use of the rail network for transportation is highly restricted in the country.
The government has initiated many projects for the development of rail networks across the country and also
for the upkeep of the existing ones.
2 C. Question
Answer in short:
Which means of communication has expedited the field of communications?
Answer
Communication is the process of sending or receiving information from others through different means of
communication. In the earlier days, letters and word-of-mouth were the only means of communication.
Newspapers became a wide-spread mode with the development of the printing press. But the development
of technology has accelerated the communication process in the world.
1. Internet and satellites are the harbingers of today’s fast-expanding digital communication network.
Information and Communication Technology (IT) is an important driving force for the success of today’s
communication.
2. Telecommunication facilities, especially the internet has significantly contributed to the development of
Page 3


9. Tourism, Transport and Communication
Exercise
1 A. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The future of tourism is bright in India due to its natural diversity.
Answer
Yes, the statement is right. The future of tourism is bright in India not just because of its natural diversity
but also due to the cultural heritage of the country. The number of both foreign as well as Indian tourists
visiting different parts of the country is steadily increasing. People visit the country for its natural, scenic
beauty, heritage, culture, civilisations and healthy nourishment. Tourism is strongly being promoted by the
government and is an important component of the country’s national income.
1 B. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer
Yes, the statement is correct. An invisible trade is a business transaction that occurs with no physical
exchange of goods. The transfer of services occurs in invisible trade. In such a case, tourism is an invisible
trade. It involves the exchange of services in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and concerned financial
institution. It involves the flow of money even if there is no direct transfer of commodities. Also, many people
are connected by the tourism industry. It leads to the generation of income with no physical trade. Thus,
tourism can be called an invisible trade.
1 C. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. The development of the transport network is not an indicator of development in
a country. Transport facilities also play an important role in development, but it is not the ultimate indicator.
Factors such as national income and per capita income are the main determinant of development in a
country. Brazil, a county having less developed transport network has a higher per capita income than India,
a country having much better transportation network. Thus, the development of transportation is not an
important determinant of development.
1 D. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Brazil’s time is ahead of India’s time.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. India is 8 hours 30 minutes ahead of BRT. Brazil itself has 5 time zones, while
India considers 82.5 ° E longitude as the Indian Standard Time. IST is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich
Meridian Time, while Brazilin time is 3 hours behind GMT. That makes India’s time ahead of Brazil’s time.
1 E. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The development of tourism in India has begun recently.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. Tourism has been the subject of India’s five-year plans from the early days. The
first effort to promote tourism was made in 1945 when the British Government constituted a committee
under Sir John Sargent for the growth of tourism. After independence, tourism development was considered
in an organised manner from the second five-year plan. National policy on tourism was formulated from
1982. After the 1980s, development of tourism is an integral part of the policies and programmes of the
government.
2 A. Question
Answer in short:
Which factors attract most tourists in Brazil?
Answer
Tourism is one of the largest growing service industries in Brazil. Tourism rates are rising steeply in Brazil
from the 2000s. There was a setback in the tourism industry between 2006 and 2008, but the economy is
back on track from then. Today, Brazil is one of the most visited countries in South America.
1. Brazil’s cultural integrity and natural beauty are not the only factors that draw tourists. Brazil is also a very
popular business destination. Many MNCs have their headquarters in Brazil.
2. The Amazon River basin and the impenetrable forests, widespread beaches and bays in the coast,
attractive islands and the innumerable species of flora and fauna makes Brazil an attractive tourist
destination.
3. Many places are tagged by the UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. Besides the capital city of Brasilia, cities
like Rio-de-Janeiro and Sao Paulo also attract vast tourist traffic.
4. Because of the abundance of natural resources in the country, ecotourism is also being promoted with the
participation of local people.
Most of the visitors are from Argentina, the United States, and Italy. To promote tourism, tourist VISA
requirements have been renounced for many countries including Greece, Italy, Hong Kong, Poland, Turkey,
and many others. Thus, tourism is a largely developing industry in Brazil.
2 B. Question
Answer in short:
What are the difficulties in the development of the railway system in Brazil’s internal areas?
Answer
Rail transport started in Brazil from the 19
th
 century. Still, the most common means of transportation in
Brazil is the roadways or the waterways. The extent of railways in much smaller in Brazil. It is nearly five
times smaller than the extent of roadways in Brazil.
The density of the rail network is concentrated in the eastern part of the country. The internal region is
actually devoid of the rail network. There are many difficulties in the development of the rail network in the
internal areas. The dense, impenetrable Amazon forests and the vast tributaries that form the Amazon basin
are the main reason for the lack of a rail network in the internal regions compared to the eastern side of the
country. Some areas may be defined by certain tribal groups. The acquisition of land for commencing rail
network is also a big issue. The use of the rail network for transportation is highly restricted in the country.
The government has initiated many projects for the development of rail networks across the country and also
for the upkeep of the existing ones.
2 C. Question
Answer in short:
Which means of communication has expedited the field of communications?
Answer
Communication is the process of sending or receiving information from others through different means of
communication. In the earlier days, letters and word-of-mouth were the only means of communication.
Newspapers became a wide-spread mode with the development of the printing press. But the development
of technology has accelerated the communication process in the world.
1. Internet and satellites are the harbingers of today’s fast-expanding digital communication network.
Information and Communication Technology (IT) is an important driving force for the success of today’s
communication.
2. Telecommunication facilities, especially the internet has significantly contributed to the development of
communication between countries in different continents.
3. The development of services like e-banking has increased the pace in which transactions are carried out
around the world. Today, the world is just a click away. Information is being transmitted in seconds, and the
world has shrunk inside our hands.
4. Any information can be accessed via the internet and communication has become highly centralised
though satellites. Information revolution through digital means like mobile phones and social media has also
expanded the communication network between counties.
Thus the development of highly sophisticated technology has expedited the field of communication.
3. Question
A plane leaves Brasilia at 11 am on 31 December. The plane crosses 0 ° meridian and reaches Vladivostok via
New Delhi. Tell the local time, date and day at New Delhi and Vladivostok when the plane leaves Brasilia.
Answer
Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Thus sun moves from east to west as the earth rotates from west
to east. Earth can be seen as a sphere of 360 °. Earth rotates this 360 ° in 24 hours.
Rotation of earth in 1 hour = 360/24 = 15 ° The plane takes off from Brasilia on 31 December, Sunday at morning at 11.00 AM. The longitudinal
coordinates that determine the time of Brasilia are 47.52 ° W. The next stopover of the flight is New Delhi that
has the longitudinal time zone in the coordinates 82.5 ° E.
The difference in longitude between Brasilia and New Delhi = 47.52 ° W + 82.5 ° E
= 130.02 ° E
Difference in time = 130.02/15 = 8.6 hours
= 8 hours + (0.6*60) minutes
= 8 hours 36 minutes (approx.)
Since the earth rotates from west to east, time zone at 82.5 ° E will be ahead of 47.52 ° W. Thus time would be
lead in India by 8 hours 36 minutes.
Time in India when the flight takes off = 7.36 PM
The destination of the flight is Vladivostok that has the longitudinal time zone in the coordinates 131.88 ° E.
The longitudinal difference of Brasilia and New Delhi = 47.52 ° W + 131.88 ° E
= 179.4 ° E
Difference in time = 179.4/15 = 11.96 hours
= 11 hours + (0.96*60) minutes
= 11 hours 57 minutes (approx.)
Since the earth rotates from west to east, time zone at 131.88 ° E will be ahead of 47.52 ° W. Thus time would
be ahead in Vladivostok by 11 hours 57 minutes.
Time in Vladivostok when the flight takes off = 10.57 PM
4. Question
Page 4


9. Tourism, Transport and Communication
Exercise
1 A. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The future of tourism is bright in India due to its natural diversity.
Answer
Yes, the statement is right. The future of tourism is bright in India not just because of its natural diversity
but also due to the cultural heritage of the country. The number of both foreign as well as Indian tourists
visiting different parts of the country is steadily increasing. People visit the country for its natural, scenic
beauty, heritage, culture, civilisations and healthy nourishment. Tourism is strongly being promoted by the
government and is an important component of the country’s national income.
1 B. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer
Yes, the statement is correct. An invisible trade is a business transaction that occurs with no physical
exchange of goods. The transfer of services occurs in invisible trade. In such a case, tourism is an invisible
trade. It involves the exchange of services in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and concerned financial
institution. It involves the flow of money even if there is no direct transfer of commodities. Also, many people
are connected by the tourism industry. It leads to the generation of income with no physical trade. Thus,
tourism can be called an invisible trade.
1 C. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. The development of the transport network is not an indicator of development in
a country. Transport facilities also play an important role in development, but it is not the ultimate indicator.
Factors such as national income and per capita income are the main determinant of development in a
country. Brazil, a county having less developed transport network has a higher per capita income than India,
a country having much better transportation network. Thus, the development of transportation is not an
important determinant of development.
1 D. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Brazil’s time is ahead of India’s time.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. India is 8 hours 30 minutes ahead of BRT. Brazil itself has 5 time zones, while
India considers 82.5 ° E longitude as the Indian Standard Time. IST is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich
Meridian Time, while Brazilin time is 3 hours behind GMT. That makes India’s time ahead of Brazil’s time.
1 E. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The development of tourism in India has begun recently.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. Tourism has been the subject of India’s five-year plans from the early days. The
first effort to promote tourism was made in 1945 when the British Government constituted a committee
under Sir John Sargent for the growth of tourism. After independence, tourism development was considered
in an organised manner from the second five-year plan. National policy on tourism was formulated from
1982. After the 1980s, development of tourism is an integral part of the policies and programmes of the
government.
2 A. Question
Answer in short:
Which factors attract most tourists in Brazil?
Answer
Tourism is one of the largest growing service industries in Brazil. Tourism rates are rising steeply in Brazil
from the 2000s. There was a setback in the tourism industry between 2006 and 2008, but the economy is
back on track from then. Today, Brazil is one of the most visited countries in South America.
1. Brazil’s cultural integrity and natural beauty are not the only factors that draw tourists. Brazil is also a very
popular business destination. Many MNCs have their headquarters in Brazil.
2. The Amazon River basin and the impenetrable forests, widespread beaches and bays in the coast,
attractive islands and the innumerable species of flora and fauna makes Brazil an attractive tourist
destination.
3. Many places are tagged by the UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. Besides the capital city of Brasilia, cities
like Rio-de-Janeiro and Sao Paulo also attract vast tourist traffic.
4. Because of the abundance of natural resources in the country, ecotourism is also being promoted with the
participation of local people.
Most of the visitors are from Argentina, the United States, and Italy. To promote tourism, tourist VISA
requirements have been renounced for many countries including Greece, Italy, Hong Kong, Poland, Turkey,
and many others. Thus, tourism is a largely developing industry in Brazil.
2 B. Question
Answer in short:
What are the difficulties in the development of the railway system in Brazil’s internal areas?
Answer
Rail transport started in Brazil from the 19
th
 century. Still, the most common means of transportation in
Brazil is the roadways or the waterways. The extent of railways in much smaller in Brazil. It is nearly five
times smaller than the extent of roadways in Brazil.
The density of the rail network is concentrated in the eastern part of the country. The internal region is
actually devoid of the rail network. There are many difficulties in the development of the rail network in the
internal areas. The dense, impenetrable Amazon forests and the vast tributaries that form the Amazon basin
are the main reason for the lack of a rail network in the internal regions compared to the eastern side of the
country. Some areas may be defined by certain tribal groups. The acquisition of land for commencing rail
network is also a big issue. The use of the rail network for transportation is highly restricted in the country.
The government has initiated many projects for the development of rail networks across the country and also
for the upkeep of the existing ones.
2 C. Question
Answer in short:
Which means of communication has expedited the field of communications?
Answer
Communication is the process of sending or receiving information from others through different means of
communication. In the earlier days, letters and word-of-mouth were the only means of communication.
Newspapers became a wide-spread mode with the development of the printing press. But the development
of technology has accelerated the communication process in the world.
1. Internet and satellites are the harbingers of today’s fast-expanding digital communication network.
Information and Communication Technology (IT) is an important driving force for the success of today’s
communication.
2. Telecommunication facilities, especially the internet has significantly contributed to the development of
communication between countries in different continents.
3. The development of services like e-banking has increased the pace in which transactions are carried out
around the world. Today, the world is just a click away. Information is being transmitted in seconds, and the
world has shrunk inside our hands.
4. Any information can be accessed via the internet and communication has become highly centralised
though satellites. Information revolution through digital means like mobile phones and social media has also
expanded the communication network between counties.
Thus the development of highly sophisticated technology has expedited the field of communication.
3. Question
A plane leaves Brasilia at 11 am on 31 December. The plane crosses 0 ° meridian and reaches Vladivostok via
New Delhi. Tell the local time, date and day at New Delhi and Vladivostok when the plane leaves Brasilia.
Answer
Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Thus sun moves from east to west as the earth rotates from west
to east. Earth can be seen as a sphere of 360 °. Earth rotates this 360 ° in 24 hours.
Rotation of earth in 1 hour = 360/24 = 15 ° The plane takes off from Brasilia on 31 December, Sunday at morning at 11.00 AM. The longitudinal
coordinates that determine the time of Brasilia are 47.52 ° W. The next stopover of the flight is New Delhi that
has the longitudinal time zone in the coordinates 82.5 ° E.
The difference in longitude between Brasilia and New Delhi = 47.52 ° W + 82.5 ° E
= 130.02 ° E
Difference in time = 130.02/15 = 8.6 hours
= 8 hours + (0.6*60) minutes
= 8 hours 36 minutes (approx.)
Since the earth rotates from west to east, time zone at 82.5 ° E will be ahead of 47.52 ° W. Thus time would be
lead in India by 8 hours 36 minutes.
Time in India when the flight takes off = 7.36 PM
The destination of the flight is Vladivostok that has the longitudinal time zone in the coordinates 131.88 ° E.
The longitudinal difference of Brasilia and New Delhi = 47.52 ° W + 131.88 ° E
= 179.4 ° E
Difference in time = 179.4/15 = 11.96 hours
= 11 hours + (0.96*60) minutes
= 11 hours 57 minutes (approx.)
Since the earth rotates from west to east, time zone at 131.88 ° E will be ahead of 47.52 ° W. Thus time would
be ahead in Vladivostok by 11 hours 57 minutes.
Time in Vladivostok when the flight takes off = 10.57 PM
4. Question
Match the following:
Answer
Explanation
a. Trans-Amazonian is an important highway in Brazil. It was inaugurated on 27 September 1972. It is 4000
km long. It is the third largest highway in Brazil. It was commissioned to integrate the interior northern parts
of Brazil with the rest of the country.
b. Golden quadrilateral is an important national highway network of India. It connects the major centers of
India and the four metros- Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. It is maintained by the National Highway
Authority of India. It was completed in 2012. It is the largest highway project undertaken in India.
c. Rio de Janeiro is an important tourist place in Brazil situated in the 40 ° W Meridian. Its proper coordinates
are 22 ° 54 S, 43 ° 12 W. It has the second largest economy of Brazil.
d. Manmad is a major railway station of the Central railway zone. It is located in Nasik district of Maharashtra,
India. It was opened in 1886.
5 A. Question
Give geographical reasons:
Ecotourism is being developed more in Brazil.
Answer
Ecotourism is the tourist activities mainly engaged towards the inherent natural environment to support
preservation and conservation of the exquisite flora and fauna. Ecotourism is being developed more in Brazil
because of its richness in natural resources. The Amazon River basin and the impenetrable forests,
widespread beaches and bays in the coast, attractive islands and the innumerable species of flora and fauna
makes Brazil an attractive tourist destination. Because of the abundance of natural resources in the country,
ecotourism is also being promoted with the participation of local people.
5 B. Question
Give geographical reasons:
The waterways are not developed in Brazil.
Answer
Brazil has the potential to be the country using waterways as an important means of transportation. Sea
transportation is mostly used in Brazil, and the inland river transportation is not highly utilised. Inland river
transportation network is only 13% of the total transportation network of Brazil. The waterways are not
highly developed especially in the interior regions because of the occurrence of many waterfalls and the
difficulty in navigation in these areas having strong currents. Also, these areas are far from the other major
centers making its development highly uneconomical.
5 C. Question
Give geographical reasons:
A dense network of railways has developed in the North Indian Plains.
Answer
As compared to the north-eastern and hilly regions of the country, the railway network is highly dense in the
Page 5


9. Tourism, Transport and Communication
Exercise
1 A. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The future of tourism is bright in India due to its natural diversity.
Answer
Yes, the statement is right. The future of tourism is bright in India not just because of its natural diversity
but also due to the cultural heritage of the country. The number of both foreign as well as Indian tourists
visiting different parts of the country is steadily increasing. People visit the country for its natural, scenic
beauty, heritage, culture, civilisations and healthy nourishment. Tourism is strongly being promoted by the
government and is an important component of the country’s national income.
1 B. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Tourism is an invisible trade.
Answer
Yes, the statement is correct. An invisible trade is a business transaction that occurs with no physical
exchange of goods. The transfer of services occurs in invisible trade. In such a case, tourism is an invisible
trade. It involves the exchange of services in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and concerned financial
institution. It involves the flow of money even if there is no direct transfer of commodities. Also, many people
are connected by the tourism industry. It leads to the generation of income with no physical trade. Thus,
tourism can be called an invisible trade.
1 C. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The indicator of development in a country is the development of transport in that country.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. The development of the transport network is not an indicator of development in
a country. Transport facilities also play an important role in development, but it is not the ultimate indicator.
Factors such as national income and per capita income are the main determinant of development in a
country. Brazil, a county having less developed transport network has a higher per capita income than India,
a country having much better transportation network. Thus, the development of transportation is not an
important determinant of development.
1 D. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
Brazil’s time is ahead of India’s time.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. India is 8 hours 30 minutes ahead of BRT. Brazil itself has 5 time zones, while
India considers 82.5 ° E longitude as the Indian Standard Time. IST is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich
Meridian Time, while Brazilin time is 3 hours behind GMT. That makes India’s time ahead of Brazil’s time.
1 E. Question
State whether right or wrong with reasons:
The development of tourism in India has begun recently.
Answer
No, the statement is wrong. Tourism has been the subject of India’s five-year plans from the early days. The
first effort to promote tourism was made in 1945 when the British Government constituted a committee
under Sir John Sargent for the growth of tourism. After independence, tourism development was considered
in an organised manner from the second five-year plan. National policy on tourism was formulated from
1982. After the 1980s, development of tourism is an integral part of the policies and programmes of the
government.
2 A. Question
Answer in short:
Which factors attract most tourists in Brazil?
Answer
Tourism is one of the largest growing service industries in Brazil. Tourism rates are rising steeply in Brazil
from the 2000s. There was a setback in the tourism industry between 2006 and 2008, but the economy is
back on track from then. Today, Brazil is one of the most visited countries in South America.
1. Brazil’s cultural integrity and natural beauty are not the only factors that draw tourists. Brazil is also a very
popular business destination. Many MNCs have their headquarters in Brazil.
2. The Amazon River basin and the impenetrable forests, widespread beaches and bays in the coast,
attractive islands and the innumerable species of flora and fauna makes Brazil an attractive tourist
destination.
3. Many places are tagged by the UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. Besides the capital city of Brasilia, cities
like Rio-de-Janeiro and Sao Paulo also attract vast tourist traffic.
4. Because of the abundance of natural resources in the country, ecotourism is also being promoted with the
participation of local people.
Most of the visitors are from Argentina, the United States, and Italy. To promote tourism, tourist VISA
requirements have been renounced for many countries including Greece, Italy, Hong Kong, Poland, Turkey,
and many others. Thus, tourism is a largely developing industry in Brazil.
2 B. Question
Answer in short:
What are the difficulties in the development of the railway system in Brazil’s internal areas?
Answer
Rail transport started in Brazil from the 19
th
 century. Still, the most common means of transportation in
Brazil is the roadways or the waterways. The extent of railways in much smaller in Brazil. It is nearly five
times smaller than the extent of roadways in Brazil.
The density of the rail network is concentrated in the eastern part of the country. The internal region is
actually devoid of the rail network. There are many difficulties in the development of the rail network in the
internal areas. The dense, impenetrable Amazon forests and the vast tributaries that form the Amazon basin
are the main reason for the lack of a rail network in the internal regions compared to the eastern side of the
country. Some areas may be defined by certain tribal groups. The acquisition of land for commencing rail
network is also a big issue. The use of the rail network for transportation is highly restricted in the country.
The government has initiated many projects for the development of rail networks across the country and also
for the upkeep of the existing ones.
2 C. Question
Answer in short:
Which means of communication has expedited the field of communications?
Answer
Communication is the process of sending or receiving information from others through different means of
communication. In the earlier days, letters and word-of-mouth were the only means of communication.
Newspapers became a wide-spread mode with the development of the printing press. But the development
of technology has accelerated the communication process in the world.
1. Internet and satellites are the harbingers of today’s fast-expanding digital communication network.
Information and Communication Technology (IT) is an important driving force for the success of today’s
communication.
2. Telecommunication facilities, especially the internet has significantly contributed to the development of
communication between countries in different continents.
3. The development of services like e-banking has increased the pace in which transactions are carried out
around the world. Today, the world is just a click away. Information is being transmitted in seconds, and the
world has shrunk inside our hands.
4. Any information can be accessed via the internet and communication has become highly centralised
though satellites. Information revolution through digital means like mobile phones and social media has also
expanded the communication network between counties.
Thus the development of highly sophisticated technology has expedited the field of communication.
3. Question
A plane leaves Brasilia at 11 am on 31 December. The plane crosses 0 ° meridian and reaches Vladivostok via
New Delhi. Tell the local time, date and day at New Delhi and Vladivostok when the plane leaves Brasilia.
Answer
Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Thus sun moves from east to west as the earth rotates from west
to east. Earth can be seen as a sphere of 360 °. Earth rotates this 360 ° in 24 hours.
Rotation of earth in 1 hour = 360/24 = 15 ° The plane takes off from Brasilia on 31 December, Sunday at morning at 11.00 AM. The longitudinal
coordinates that determine the time of Brasilia are 47.52 ° W. The next stopover of the flight is New Delhi that
has the longitudinal time zone in the coordinates 82.5 ° E.
The difference in longitude between Brasilia and New Delhi = 47.52 ° W + 82.5 ° E
= 130.02 ° E
Difference in time = 130.02/15 = 8.6 hours
= 8 hours + (0.6*60) minutes
= 8 hours 36 minutes (approx.)
Since the earth rotates from west to east, time zone at 82.5 ° E will be ahead of 47.52 ° W. Thus time would be
lead in India by 8 hours 36 minutes.
Time in India when the flight takes off = 7.36 PM
The destination of the flight is Vladivostok that has the longitudinal time zone in the coordinates 131.88 ° E.
The longitudinal difference of Brasilia and New Delhi = 47.52 ° W + 131.88 ° E
= 179.4 ° E
Difference in time = 179.4/15 = 11.96 hours
= 11 hours + (0.96*60) minutes
= 11 hours 57 minutes (approx.)
Since the earth rotates from west to east, time zone at 131.88 ° E will be ahead of 47.52 ° W. Thus time would
be ahead in Vladivostok by 11 hours 57 minutes.
Time in Vladivostok when the flight takes off = 10.57 PM
4. Question
Match the following:
Answer
Explanation
a. Trans-Amazonian is an important highway in Brazil. It was inaugurated on 27 September 1972. It is 4000
km long. It is the third largest highway in Brazil. It was commissioned to integrate the interior northern parts
of Brazil with the rest of the country.
b. Golden quadrilateral is an important national highway network of India. It connects the major centers of
India and the four metros- Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. It is maintained by the National Highway
Authority of India. It was completed in 2012. It is the largest highway project undertaken in India.
c. Rio de Janeiro is an important tourist place in Brazil situated in the 40 ° W Meridian. Its proper coordinates
are 22 ° 54 S, 43 ° 12 W. It has the second largest economy of Brazil.
d. Manmad is a major railway station of the Central railway zone. It is located in Nasik district of Maharashtra,
India. It was opened in 1886.
5 A. Question
Give geographical reasons:
Ecotourism is being developed more in Brazil.
Answer
Ecotourism is the tourist activities mainly engaged towards the inherent natural environment to support
preservation and conservation of the exquisite flora and fauna. Ecotourism is being developed more in Brazil
because of its richness in natural resources. The Amazon River basin and the impenetrable forests,
widespread beaches and bays in the coast, attractive islands and the innumerable species of flora and fauna
makes Brazil an attractive tourist destination. Because of the abundance of natural resources in the country,
ecotourism is also being promoted with the participation of local people.
5 B. Question
Give geographical reasons:
The waterways are not developed in Brazil.
Answer
Brazil has the potential to be the country using waterways as an important means of transportation. Sea
transportation is mostly used in Brazil, and the inland river transportation is not highly utilised. Inland river
transportation network is only 13% of the total transportation network of Brazil. The waterways are not
highly developed especially in the interior regions because of the occurrence of many waterfalls and the
difficulty in navigation in these areas having strong currents. Also, these areas are far from the other major
centers making its development highly uneconomical.
5 C. Question
Give geographical reasons:
A dense network of railways has developed in the North Indian Plains.
Answer
As compared to the north-eastern and hilly regions of the country, the railway network is highly dense in the
northern plains. It is an important place opted for human settlement because of the fertility of the land.
Farming and dairying are the important occupations of the people. The main crop grown is paddy and wheat
along with maize, millets, and gram. Many highly populated cities like Allahabad, Lucknow, and Varanasi is
located in the region. Because of this, the transportation network, communication facilities, and the
infrastructure is highly developed resulting in a very dense railway network in the region.
5 D. Question
Give geographical reasons:
Development of transport is important for the country’s progress.
Answer
The transport system is the service by which persons and goods move from one place to the other using
humans, animals or vehicles. Transport system establishes the links between producing centers and
consuming centers. Transport provides the link through which trade takes place. Transport system also acts
as an artery for communication within the nation and among the nations. The principal modes of
transportation are land ways, waterways, airways and through pipelines. To be established as a major
trading center, the country must have a well-connected transit network. The integrated operation of all the
means of transportation is essential for its effective functioning. Thus the development of transport is very
important for a country’s progress.
5 E. Question
Give geographical reasons:
We rely on sea route for international trade.
Answer
Foreign trade or international trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. It is an
important component of the economy. Waterways have been the most common means of transport from
earlier days. Waterways are the cheapest and easiest way of carrying bulky goods over long distances. One
of its greatest benefits is that it does not require any route construction or maintenance. Sea routes and
oceanic routes are most beneficial for transporting bulky goods from one country to another. Waterways is a
major means of domestic and foreign trade. But, to establish as a major trading center, the port must have a
well-connected rail and road transit network.
6 A. Question
Differentiate between:
Water transport in Amazon and the Ganga river
Answer