Textbook Solutions: Social and Political Movements | History and Political Science Class 10 (Maharashtra Board) PDF Download

 Page 1


Social & Political Movements 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
............ is the main demand of farmers movement. 
A. Right to cultivate on the forest land 
 
B. To get the right price for agricultural product 
C. Protection of consumers 
D. Building of dams 
Answer : Note: To get the right price for agricultural product is the main demand of 
farmers’ movement. Shetkari Sanghatana, Bharatiya Kisan Union, All India Kisan Sabha 
are some of the important farmers organisations that fight for the rights of farmers in 
India. 
Q. 1. B. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to 
food grains ............ was initiated. 
A. Water revolution 
 
B. Green revolution 
C. Industrial revolution 
D. White revolution 
Answer : Note: To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with 
regard to food grains Green revolution was initiated. In took place in 1960’s under the 
leadership of agricultural scientist MS Swaminathan. 
Q. 2. A. Write notes on: 
 
Tribal movement 
Answer : The origin of Tribal movement dates back to the pre-independence days. The 
British government had deprived tribal people of their rights to livelihood on forest 
resources and as a result of that, a tribal uprising took place in various parts of the 
country. It included tribes like Kolam (Chota Nagpur), Gond (Orissa), Koli Bhilla 
Ramoshi (Maharashtra), Santhal and Munda (Bihar). 
The main demand of the tribal movement is for the government to accept their rights 
over forests, they should be allowed to collect forest produce and cultivate forest land. 
Page 2


Social & Political Movements 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
............ is the main demand of farmers movement. 
A. Right to cultivate on the forest land 
 
B. To get the right price for agricultural product 
C. Protection of consumers 
D. Building of dams 
Answer : Note: To get the right price for agricultural product is the main demand of 
farmers’ movement. Shetkari Sanghatana, Bharatiya Kisan Union, All India Kisan Sabha 
are some of the important farmers organisations that fight for the rights of farmers in 
India. 
Q. 1. B. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to 
food grains ............ was initiated. 
A. Water revolution 
 
B. Green revolution 
C. Industrial revolution 
D. White revolution 
Answer : Note: To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with 
regard to food grains Green revolution was initiated. In took place in 1960’s under the 
leadership of agricultural scientist MS Swaminathan. 
Q. 2. A. Write notes on: 
 
Tribal movement 
Answer : The origin of Tribal movement dates back to the pre-independence days. The 
British government had deprived tribal people of their rights to livelihood on forest 
resources and as a result of that, a tribal uprising took place in various parts of the 
country. It included tribes like Kolam (Chota Nagpur), Gond (Orissa), Koli Bhilla 
Ramoshi (Maharashtra), Santhal and Munda (Bihar). 
The main demand of the tribal movement is for the government to accept their rights 
over forests, they should be allowed to collect forest produce and cultivate forest land. 
Q. 2. B. Write notes on: 
 
Workers movement 
Answer : Workers movement in India was organized under Trade unions that saw its 
birth in the background of industrialization in British India. Industrial workers frequently 
went on strike for their demands of better wages and improved working hours. One 
such incident was reported as the railway workers’ strike in 1899. The first organization 
for resolving workers’ issues was established in 1920, known as the All India Trade 
Union Congress. In the post-independence era, trade unions got more effective in 
1960s and 1970s, organizing several agitations but saw its disintegration in 1980s and 
its steady decline in the face of globalization in 1990s. Some of the concerns of the 
workers’ movements are: 
• Unstable employment conditions 
• Contract labour and financial insecurities of workers 
• Absence of legal protection for workers 
• Long working hours 
• Insecurities at workplace 
• Health hazards at work place, etc. 
Q. 3. A. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
Explain the activities/role/functions of environmental movement. 
Answer : The environmental movement is an important step towards environmental 
protection which is recognized as a global concern. Its working is organized on several 
levels (local, national, international) to prevent environmental degradation. It aims to 
create awareness and drive policy making on issues like sustainable energy, protection 
of forest and biodiversity, severe effects of pollution and degradation of air, water, soil 
etc. 
Q. 3. B. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
Explain the nature of farmers’ movement in India. 
Answer : The history of farmers’ movement in India dates to the time of our 
independence struggle. It was inspired by the thoughts of Mahatma Phule, Justice 
Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi against the anti-agriculturist policies of the British. It has 
continued to be active and became more effective after the Green Revolution which 
Page 3


Social & Political Movements 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
............ is the main demand of farmers movement. 
A. Right to cultivate on the forest land 
 
B. To get the right price for agricultural product 
C. Protection of consumers 
D. Building of dams 
Answer : Note: To get the right price for agricultural product is the main demand of 
farmers’ movement. Shetkari Sanghatana, Bharatiya Kisan Union, All India Kisan Sabha 
are some of the important farmers organisations that fight for the rights of farmers in 
India. 
Q. 1. B. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to 
food grains ............ was initiated. 
A. Water revolution 
 
B. Green revolution 
C. Industrial revolution 
D. White revolution 
Answer : Note: To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with 
regard to food grains Green revolution was initiated. In took place in 1960’s under the 
leadership of agricultural scientist MS Swaminathan. 
Q. 2. A. Write notes on: 
 
Tribal movement 
Answer : The origin of Tribal movement dates back to the pre-independence days. The 
British government had deprived tribal people of their rights to livelihood on forest 
resources and as a result of that, a tribal uprising took place in various parts of the 
country. It included tribes like Kolam (Chota Nagpur), Gond (Orissa), Koli Bhilla 
Ramoshi (Maharashtra), Santhal and Munda (Bihar). 
The main demand of the tribal movement is for the government to accept their rights 
over forests, they should be allowed to collect forest produce and cultivate forest land. 
Q. 2. B. Write notes on: 
 
Workers movement 
Answer : Workers movement in India was organized under Trade unions that saw its 
birth in the background of industrialization in British India. Industrial workers frequently 
went on strike for their demands of better wages and improved working hours. One 
such incident was reported as the railway workers’ strike in 1899. The first organization 
for resolving workers’ issues was established in 1920, known as the All India Trade 
Union Congress. In the post-independence era, trade unions got more effective in 
1960s and 1970s, organizing several agitations but saw its disintegration in 1980s and 
its steady decline in the face of globalization in 1990s. Some of the concerns of the 
workers’ movements are: 
• Unstable employment conditions 
• Contract labour and financial insecurities of workers 
• Absence of legal protection for workers 
• Long working hours 
• Insecurities at workplace 
• Health hazards at work place, etc. 
Q. 3. A. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
Explain the activities/role/functions of environmental movement. 
Answer : The environmental movement is an important step towards environmental 
protection which is recognized as a global concern. Its working is organized on several 
levels (local, national, international) to prevent environmental degradation. It aims to 
create awareness and drive policy making on issues like sustainable energy, protection 
of forest and biodiversity, severe effects of pollution and degradation of air, water, soil 
etc. 
Q. 3. B. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
Explain the nature of farmers’ movement in India. 
Answer : The history of farmers’ movement in India dates to the time of our 
independence struggle. It was inspired by the thoughts of Mahatma Phule, Justice 
Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi against the anti-agriculturist policies of the British. It has 
continued to be active and became more effective after the Green Revolution which 
increased the economic gap between rich farmers and poor farmers. Some of the 
demands of the farmers’ movements are: 
• Appropriate prices for agricultural goods 
• Industry status for Agriculture 
• Implementations of the recommendations of the Swami Nathan Commission report 
• Debt relief and debt cancellation 
• National policy for Agriculture 
Q. 3. C. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
For which reforms were the women’s movements in the pre-independence period 
fighting? 
Answer : The women’s movements in the pre-independence period were fighting for 
eliminating injustice and exploitation against women, helping them lead a respectful and 
socially active life. Some of the reforms it demanded were: 
• Widow re-marriage 
• Women education 
• Right to vote 
After Independence, women were granted equal political rights by the constitution, 
however the social struggle for equality continued. 
Q. 4. A. Explain the following statements by giving reasons. 
 
Movements are important in a democracy. 
Answer : Movements are important in a democracy because: 
1. Different social problems are discussed through these movements. 
2. It is a way of attracting the attention of Government towards a cause. 
3. The Government & common people get more necessary information about the issues 
through leaders and activists. 
4. It helps the government take an informed decision on the subject. 
Page 4


Social & Political Movements 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
............ is the main demand of farmers movement. 
A. Right to cultivate on the forest land 
 
B. To get the right price for agricultural product 
C. Protection of consumers 
D. Building of dams 
Answer : Note: To get the right price for agricultural product is the main demand of 
farmers’ movement. Shetkari Sanghatana, Bharatiya Kisan Union, All India Kisan Sabha 
are some of the important farmers organisations that fight for the rights of farmers in 
India. 
Q. 1. B. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to 
food grains ............ was initiated. 
A. Water revolution 
 
B. Green revolution 
C. Industrial revolution 
D. White revolution 
Answer : Note: To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with 
regard to food grains Green revolution was initiated. In took place in 1960’s under the 
leadership of agricultural scientist MS Swaminathan. 
Q. 2. A. Write notes on: 
 
Tribal movement 
Answer : The origin of Tribal movement dates back to the pre-independence days. The 
British government had deprived tribal people of their rights to livelihood on forest 
resources and as a result of that, a tribal uprising took place in various parts of the 
country. It included tribes like Kolam (Chota Nagpur), Gond (Orissa), Koli Bhilla 
Ramoshi (Maharashtra), Santhal and Munda (Bihar). 
The main demand of the tribal movement is for the government to accept their rights 
over forests, they should be allowed to collect forest produce and cultivate forest land. 
Q. 2. B. Write notes on: 
 
Workers movement 
Answer : Workers movement in India was organized under Trade unions that saw its 
birth in the background of industrialization in British India. Industrial workers frequently 
went on strike for their demands of better wages and improved working hours. One 
such incident was reported as the railway workers’ strike in 1899. The first organization 
for resolving workers’ issues was established in 1920, known as the All India Trade 
Union Congress. In the post-independence era, trade unions got more effective in 
1960s and 1970s, organizing several agitations but saw its disintegration in 1980s and 
its steady decline in the face of globalization in 1990s. Some of the concerns of the 
workers’ movements are: 
• Unstable employment conditions 
• Contract labour and financial insecurities of workers 
• Absence of legal protection for workers 
• Long working hours 
• Insecurities at workplace 
• Health hazards at work place, etc. 
Q. 3. A. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
Explain the activities/role/functions of environmental movement. 
Answer : The environmental movement is an important step towards environmental 
protection which is recognized as a global concern. Its working is organized on several 
levels (local, national, international) to prevent environmental degradation. It aims to 
create awareness and drive policy making on issues like sustainable energy, protection 
of forest and biodiversity, severe effects of pollution and degradation of air, water, soil 
etc. 
Q. 3. B. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
Explain the nature of farmers’ movement in India. 
Answer : The history of farmers’ movement in India dates to the time of our 
independence struggle. It was inspired by the thoughts of Mahatma Phule, Justice 
Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi against the anti-agriculturist policies of the British. It has 
continued to be active and became more effective after the Green Revolution which 
increased the economic gap between rich farmers and poor farmers. Some of the 
demands of the farmers’ movements are: 
• Appropriate prices for agricultural goods 
• Industry status for Agriculture 
• Implementations of the recommendations of the Swami Nathan Commission report 
• Debt relief and debt cancellation 
• National policy for Agriculture 
Q. 3. C. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
For which reforms were the women’s movements in the pre-independence period 
fighting? 
Answer : The women’s movements in the pre-independence period were fighting for 
eliminating injustice and exploitation against women, helping them lead a respectful and 
socially active life. Some of the reforms it demanded were: 
• Widow re-marriage 
• Women education 
• Right to vote 
After Independence, women were granted equal political rights by the constitution, 
however the social struggle for equality continued. 
Q. 4. A. Explain the following statements by giving reasons. 
 
Movements are important in a democracy. 
Answer : Movements are important in a democracy because: 
1. Different social problems are discussed through these movements. 
2. It is a way of attracting the attention of Government towards a cause. 
3. The Government & common people get more necessary information about the issues 
through leaders and activists. 
4. It helps the government take an informed decision on the subject. 
5. Right to protest is an important democratic right, hence social movements strengthen 
democratic processes. 
Q. 4. B. Explain the following statements by giving reasons. 
 
Movements do not need a strong leadership. 
Answer : 
Movements need a strong leadership to keep it active and effective. A Movement is a 
collective struggle, people need a strong leader for right guidance to reach their 
objective. 
For instance, India’s freedom struggle was marked with emergence of a strong political 
leadership in the twentieth century (1900s), prior to that the independence efforts were 
scattered in regions and divided in their political stances. It found a direction in non-
violence and political non-cooperation under the leadership of Gandhi. While multiple 
groups continued to fight for India’s freedom in their respective ways, the common 
masses found their aspirations aligned with the Gandhian movement for his charismatic 
leadership. 
Q. 4. C. Explain the following statements by giving reasons. 
 
Consumer movement came into existence. 
Answer : The consumer movement came into existence in 1986 with the Consumer 
Protection Act to address cases of frauds in the economic exchanges. It takes each 
citizen to be a consumer and has a broader objective is to protect the consumer against 
adulteration and frauds, understanding the changing nature of consumer grievances. 
The Consumer Protection Act proved its importance with the economic liberalization of 
India in 1990s. The consumer forums proved to be a good system of check and balance 
into quality control and after sales services in the market place. 
 
Project 
Q. 1. Collect the news in the newspapers about various activities of social 
movements. 
Answer : The below images are the various activities of the social movements that took 
place before the independence by various leaders of the country. 
Page 5


Social & Political Movements 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
............ is the main demand of farmers movement. 
A. Right to cultivate on the forest land 
 
B. To get the right price for agricultural product 
C. Protection of consumers 
D. Building of dams 
Answer : Note: To get the right price for agricultural product is the main demand of 
farmers’ movement. Shetkari Sanghatana, Bharatiya Kisan Union, All India Kisan Sabha 
are some of the important farmers organisations that fight for the rights of farmers in 
India. 
Q. 1. B. Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the 
sentences. 
 
To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to 
food grains ............ was initiated. 
A. Water revolution 
 
B. Green revolution 
C. Industrial revolution 
D. White revolution 
Answer : Note: To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with 
regard to food grains Green revolution was initiated. In took place in 1960’s under the 
leadership of agricultural scientist MS Swaminathan. 
Q. 2. A. Write notes on: 
 
Tribal movement 
Answer : The origin of Tribal movement dates back to the pre-independence days. The 
British government had deprived tribal people of their rights to livelihood on forest 
resources and as a result of that, a tribal uprising took place in various parts of the 
country. It included tribes like Kolam (Chota Nagpur), Gond (Orissa), Koli Bhilla 
Ramoshi (Maharashtra), Santhal and Munda (Bihar). 
The main demand of the tribal movement is for the government to accept their rights 
over forests, they should be allowed to collect forest produce and cultivate forest land. 
Q. 2. B. Write notes on: 
 
Workers movement 
Answer : Workers movement in India was organized under Trade unions that saw its 
birth in the background of industrialization in British India. Industrial workers frequently 
went on strike for their demands of better wages and improved working hours. One 
such incident was reported as the railway workers’ strike in 1899. The first organization 
for resolving workers’ issues was established in 1920, known as the All India Trade 
Union Congress. In the post-independence era, trade unions got more effective in 
1960s and 1970s, organizing several agitations but saw its disintegration in 1980s and 
its steady decline in the face of globalization in 1990s. Some of the concerns of the 
workers’ movements are: 
• Unstable employment conditions 
• Contract labour and financial insecurities of workers 
• Absence of legal protection for workers 
• Long working hours 
• Insecurities at workplace 
• Health hazards at work place, etc. 
Q. 3. A. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
Explain the activities/role/functions of environmental movement. 
Answer : The environmental movement is an important step towards environmental 
protection which is recognized as a global concern. Its working is organized on several 
levels (local, national, international) to prevent environmental degradation. It aims to 
create awareness and drive policy making on issues like sustainable energy, protection 
of forest and biodiversity, severe effects of pollution and degradation of air, water, soil 
etc. 
Q. 3. B. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
Explain the nature of farmers’ movement in India. 
Answer : The history of farmers’ movement in India dates to the time of our 
independence struggle. It was inspired by the thoughts of Mahatma Phule, Justice 
Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi against the anti-agriculturist policies of the British. It has 
continued to be active and became more effective after the Green Revolution which 
increased the economic gap between rich farmers and poor farmers. Some of the 
demands of the farmers’ movements are: 
• Appropriate prices for agricultural goods 
• Industry status for Agriculture 
• Implementations of the recommendations of the Swami Nathan Commission report 
• Debt relief and debt cancellation 
• National policy for Agriculture 
Q. 3. C. Answer the following questions in brief. 
 
For which reforms were the women’s movements in the pre-independence period 
fighting? 
Answer : The women’s movements in the pre-independence period were fighting for 
eliminating injustice and exploitation against women, helping them lead a respectful and 
socially active life. Some of the reforms it demanded were: 
• Widow re-marriage 
• Women education 
• Right to vote 
After Independence, women were granted equal political rights by the constitution, 
however the social struggle for equality continued. 
Q. 4. A. Explain the following statements by giving reasons. 
 
Movements are important in a democracy. 
Answer : Movements are important in a democracy because: 
1. Different social problems are discussed through these movements. 
2. It is a way of attracting the attention of Government towards a cause. 
3. The Government & common people get more necessary information about the issues 
through leaders and activists. 
4. It helps the government take an informed decision on the subject. 
5. Right to protest is an important democratic right, hence social movements strengthen 
democratic processes. 
Q. 4. B. Explain the following statements by giving reasons. 
 
Movements do not need a strong leadership. 
Answer : 
Movements need a strong leadership to keep it active and effective. A Movement is a 
collective struggle, people need a strong leader for right guidance to reach their 
objective. 
For instance, India’s freedom struggle was marked with emergence of a strong political 
leadership in the twentieth century (1900s), prior to that the independence efforts were 
scattered in regions and divided in their political stances. It found a direction in non-
violence and political non-cooperation under the leadership of Gandhi. While multiple 
groups continued to fight for India’s freedom in their respective ways, the common 
masses found their aspirations aligned with the Gandhian movement for his charismatic 
leadership. 
Q. 4. C. Explain the following statements by giving reasons. 
 
Consumer movement came into existence. 
Answer : The consumer movement came into existence in 1986 with the Consumer 
Protection Act to address cases of frauds in the economic exchanges. It takes each 
citizen to be a consumer and has a broader objective is to protect the consumer against 
adulteration and frauds, understanding the changing nature of consumer grievances. 
The Consumer Protection Act proved its importance with the economic liberalization of 
India in 1990s. The consumer forums proved to be a good system of check and balance 
into quality control and after sales services in the market place. 
 
Project 
Q. 1. Collect the news in the newspapers about various activities of social 
movements. 
Answer : The below images are the various activities of the social movements that took 
place before the independence by various leaders of the country.