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FAQs on Textbook: Beginning of Freedom Movement - History and Civics Class 8 (Maharashtra Board)

1. What were the main causes of the Freedom Movement in India?
Ans. The main causes of the Freedom Movement in India included the oppressive policies of British rule, economic exploitation, social injustice, and the desire for self-governance. The British imposed heavy taxes, restricted Indian industries, and created widespread poverty. Additionally, the cultural and social reforms introduced by the British were often met with resistance, leading to a growing sense of nationalism among Indians.
2. Who were some key leaders of the Freedom Movement and what roles did they play?
Ans. Key leaders of the Freedom Movement included Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated for non-violent resistance and civil disobedience; Jawaharlal Nehru, who played a significant role in the Indian National Congress and articulated the vision for an independent India; and Subhas Chandra Bose, who sought to gain independence through armed struggle. Each leader had a unique approach, contributing to the movement's diversity and strength.
3. What was the significance of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Ans. The Non-Cooperation Movement, initiated in the 1920s, was significant as it marked a mass mobilization of Indian society against British rule. It encouraged people to withdraw from British institutions, including schools and courts, and aimed to promote self-reliance. This movement brought together people from various backgrounds and laid the groundwork for future protests and movements in the struggle for independence.
4. How did the partition of India relate to the Freedom Movement?
Ans. The partition of India in 1947 was a direct consequence of the Freedom Movement, reflecting the deep divisions between Hindus and Muslims. The demand for a separate Muslim state, led by the All-India Muslim League, culminated in the creation of Pakistan. The partition was marked by significant violence and displacement, highlighting the complexities and challenges faced during the struggle for independence.
5. What role did the Indian National Congress play in the Freedom Movement?
Ans. The Indian National Congress played a crucial role in the Freedom Movement as a platform for political activism and mobilization. Founded in the late 19th century, it became the principal organization advocating for Indian rights and self-rule. The Congress organized various movements, such as the Salt March and Quit India Movement, and united diverse groups under the common goal of independence from British rule.
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