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FAQs on Textbook: Non-co-operation Movement - History and Civics Class 8 (Maharashtra Board)

1. What was the Non-co-operation Movement and what were its main objectives?
Ans. The Non-co-operation Movement was a significant phase in the Indian struggle for independence from British rule, initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in the early 1920s. Its main objectives were to protest against the oppressive British policies and to promote self-reliance among Indians. The movement aimed to encourage Indians to withdraw from British institutions, such as schools, courts, and government jobs, and to promote the use of indigenous products, thereby fostering a sense of national pride and unity.
2. What were the key events that led to the launch of the Non-co-operation Movement?
Ans. Several key events led to the launch of the Non-co-operation Movement, including the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indians, and the repressive Rowlatt Act, which allowed for the arrest and detention of Indians without trial. These events incited widespread outrage and galvanized public support for the movement. Gandhi's call for non-violent resistance became a rallying point for various sections of Indian society to unite against colonial rule.
3. How did the Non-co-operation Movement impact Indian society?
Ans. The Non-co-operation Movement had a profound impact on Indian society by fostering a sense of national identity and unity among people of different backgrounds. It encouraged widespread participation in the independence struggle, with various groups, including students, farmers, and professionals, taking part in protests and boycotts. The movement also promoted the idea of self-sufficiency, leading to the revival of traditional industries and handicrafts, which further empowered local communities.
4. What were the challenges faced during the Non-co-operation Movement?
Ans. The Non-co-operation Movement faced several challenges, including the British government's repressive measures to suppress dissent, such as arrests and violence against protesters. Additionally, the movement was marked by internal disagreements among Indian leaders regarding the approach and strategies to be adopted. The unexpected outbreak of violence at Chauri Chaura, where protestors clashed with police, led Gandhi to call off the movement, highlighting the difficulties in maintaining non-violence in the face of provocation.
5. What were the long-term effects of the Non-co-operation Movement on India's freedom struggle?
Ans. The Non-co-operation Movement laid the groundwork for future movements in the Indian independence struggle, such as the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement. It significantly raised political awareness among the masses and demonstrated the effectiveness of mass mobilization against colonial rule. The movement also solidified Gandhi's role as a leader and strategist in the freedom struggle, promoting the philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience as powerful tools for social and political change.
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