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1. What were the main events that led to the last phase of the struggle for independence in India?
Ans. The last phase of the struggle for independence in India was marked by several significant events, including the Quit India Movement of 1942, where the Indian National Congress called for an end to British rule. Other important events included the formation of the Indian National Army led by Subhas Chandra Bose, the naval mutiny in 1946, and the widespread protests and civil disobedience campaigns. These events highlighted the growing discontent among Indians and their unified demand for freedom.
2. How did the role of Mahatma Gandhi influence the last phase of the independence movement?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi played a crucial role in the last phase of the independence movement by promoting non-violent resistance and mass mobilization. His leadership during the Quit India Movement galvanized the nation, encouraging millions to participate in protests and strikes. Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha inspired many leaders and ordinary citizens to join the struggle, emphasizing the importance of unity and peaceful resistance against colonial rule.
3. What was the significance of the Quit India Movement in the context of India's independence?
Ans. The Quit India Movement was a pivotal moment in India's quest for independence. Launched in August 1942, it called for immediate British withdrawal from India. The movement led to widespread protests, strikes, and acts of civil disobedience across the country. Although it faced severe repression, the movement demonstrated the Indian people's determination for freedom and significantly weakened British authority, contributing to the eventual negotiations for independence.
4. Who were some key leaders in the last phase of the struggle for independence, apart from Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans. Apart from Mahatma Gandhi, several key leaders played vital roles in the last phase of the independence struggle. These included Jawaharlal Nehru, who was a prominent figure in the Indian National Congress and later became the first Prime Minister of India. Subhas Chandra Bose, who led the Indian National Army, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was instrumental in uniting the princely states post-independence, were also significant in shaping the movement.
5. How did World War II impact India's struggle for independence?
Ans. World War II had a profound impact on India's struggle for independence. The war strained British resources and exposed their inability to maintain control over India. The British decision to involve India in the war without consulting Indian leaders led to widespread resentment and the rise of nationalist sentiments. The war also created economic hardships, prompting many Indians to join the independence movement, ultimately accelerating the demand for freedom.
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