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1. What were the main reasons behind India's struggle for independence?
Ans. The struggle for India's independence was driven by several factors, including the desire for self-governance, opposition to British colonial rule, and the demand for civil rights. Key events, such as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the imposition of repressive laws, fueled public outrage. Additionally, the influence of leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated for non-violent resistance, played a crucial role in mobilizing masses against colonial authorities.
2. Who were the prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement?
Ans. The Indian independence movement featured several prominent leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi, who promoted non-violent resistance; Jawaharlal Nehru, who played a significant role in political negotiations; and Subhas Chandra Bose, who sought to achieve freedom through armed struggle. Other notable figures included Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and Rani Lakshmibai, each contributing uniquely to the fight for independence.
3. What role did the Civil Disobedience Movement play in India's independence?
Ans. The Civil Disobedience Movement, launched in 1930 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, was a significant campaign against British laws and policies. It involved the refusal to pay taxes, boycotting British goods, and peaceful protests. This movement galvanized widespread participation across different sections of society, showcased the unity among Indians, and intensified the demand for independence, thereby pressuring the British government to reconsider its stance.
4. How did World War II impact India's struggle for independence?
Ans. World War II had a profound impact on India's struggle for independence. The British decision to involve India in the war without consulting Indian leaders led to widespread discontent. The Quit India Movement, launched in 1942, called for an end to British rule. The war also weakened Britain's economy, making it harder for them to maintain control over India, ultimately accelerating the push towards independence.
5. What were the key outcomes of India's independence in 1947?
Ans. The key outcomes of India's independence in 1947 included the end of British colonial rule and the establishment of India as a sovereign nation. However, independence was accompanied by the partition of India into two separate states, India and Pakistan, leading to significant communal violence and mass migrations. The adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of democratic governance were also crucial outcomes, laying the foundation for India's future as a republic.
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