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FAQs on Textbook: Fulfillment of Struggle for Independence - History and Civics Class 8 (Maharashtra Board)

1. What were the main reasons for the struggle for independence in the context of colonial rule?
Ans. The struggle for independence was primarily driven by several factors, including economic exploitation, social discrimination, and political repression. Colonial powers imposed heavy taxes, exploited natural resources, and suppressed local industries, leading to widespread poverty and resentment among the local populace. Moreover, the lack of political representation and the imposition of foreign laws created a sense of injustice and a desire for self-governance among the people.
2. Who were some key figures in the independence movement, and what roles did they play?
Ans. Key figures in the independence movement included leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated for non-violent resistance and civil disobedience; Jawaharlal Nehru, who pushed for political reforms and modernization; and Subhas Chandra Bose, who took a more militant approach to achieving independence. Each of these leaders played a significant role in mobilizing the masses and articulating the aspirations of the people for freedom.
3. How did the First and Second World Wars impact the struggle for independence?
Ans. The First and Second World Wars had a profound impact on the struggle for independence. The wars weakened European powers economically and politically, which led to a decline in their ability to maintain control over colonies. Additionally, the participation of colonized nations in the wars fostered a sense of nationalism and unity among various groups within the colonies, ultimately accelerating demands for independence.
4. What strategies were employed by independence leaders to mobilize public support?
Ans. Independence leaders employed a variety of strategies to mobilize public support, including mass protests, non-cooperation movements, and boycotts of British goods. They utilized print media, speeches, and public gatherings to raise awareness and inspire collective action. The leaders also united diverse groups by emphasizing common grievances against colonial rule and advocating for a shared vision of freedom and self-determination.
5. What were the outcomes of the struggle for independence, and how did they shape the future of the nation?
Ans. The outcomes of the struggle for independence included the establishment of a sovereign nation and the formulation of a constitution that aimed to uphold democratic values and human rights. This struggle led to the end of colonial rule and inspired subsequent movements for freedom and justice around the world. The new government faced the challenges of nation-building, addressing social inequalities, and ensuring economic development, which have continued to shape the nation’s trajectory in the years following independence.
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