PPT: Interior of the Earth | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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Interior of the Earth
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Interior of the Earth
I n t r o d u c t i o n
We can't physically reach the Earth's center, but we've found smart 
ways to explore it. By examining rocks from deep mines, magma from 
volcanoes, and data from drilling projects, scientists are uncovering 
what lies beneath the surface.
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Interior of the Earth
I n t r o d u c t i o n
We can't physically reach the Earth's center, but we've found smart 
ways to explore it. By examining rocks from deep mines, magma from 
volcanoes, and data from drilling projects, scientists are uncovering 
what lies beneath the surface.
Sources of Information about The Interior
There are two sources for information about the interior of the earth:
Direct Sources
Include rock materials from mining areas and molten 
magma from volcanic eruptions
Indirect Sources
Include meteors that at times reach the earth, 
gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity
Page 4


Interior of the Earth
I n t r o d u c t i o n
We can't physically reach the Earth's center, but we've found smart 
ways to explore it. By examining rocks from deep mines, magma from 
volcanoes, and data from drilling projects, scientists are uncovering 
what lies beneath the surface.
Sources of Information about The Interior
There are two sources for information about the interior of the earth:
Direct Sources
Include rock materials from mining areas and molten 
magma from volcanic eruptions
Indirect Sources
Include meteors that at times reach the earth, 
gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity
Direct Sources
Mining
Surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas. Gold 
mines in South Africa reach depths of 3-4 km.
Drilling Projects
Scientists are working on major projects such as the "Deep 
Ocean Drilling Project" and the "Integrated Ocean Drilling 
Project." The deepest drill at Kola in the Arctic Ocean has 
reached 12 km.
Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic eruptions provide direct information as magma is 
available for laboratory analysis.
Page 5


Interior of the Earth
I n t r o d u c t i o n
We can't physically reach the Earth's center, but we've found smart 
ways to explore it. By examining rocks from deep mines, magma from 
volcanoes, and data from drilling projects, scientists are uncovering 
what lies beneath the surface.
Sources of Information about The Interior
There are two sources for information about the interior of the earth:
Direct Sources
Include rock materials from mining areas and molten 
magma from volcanic eruptions
Indirect Sources
Include meteors that at times reach the earth, 
gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity
Direct Sources
Mining
Surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas. Gold 
mines in South Africa reach depths of 3-4 km.
Drilling Projects
Scientists are working on major projects such as the "Deep 
Ocean Drilling Project" and the "Integrated Ocean Drilling 
Project." The deepest drill at Kola in the Arctic Ocean has 
reached 12 km.
Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic eruptions provide direct information as magma is 
available for laboratory analysis.
Indirect Sources
Temperature and Pressure
Mining reveals that temperature, pressure, and 
material density increase with depth
Scientists estimate these properties using the total 
thickness of the Earth
Meteors
Meteors provide indirect information, as their 
materials and structures are similar to Earth's
Gravitation
Gravitation varies with latitude, being greater at the 
poles and less at the equator
Gravity values differ according to the mass of the 
material
Other Sources
Magnetic surveys provide information about magnetic 
materials in the crust
Seismic activity offers crucial insights into Earth's 
interior