ICSI Notes: Indian Economy | Economics for CSEET PDF Download

 Page 1


522
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
INDIAN ECONOMY
LESSON 5
Page 2


522
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
INDIAN ECONOMY
LESSON 5
523
Economic and  
Business Environment
INTRODUCTION
The Indian economy is one of the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world, characterized 
by its diverse sectors, significant population, and ongoing economic reforms. India has transitioned 
from being a primarily agrarian economy to a more diversified one, with significant contributions from 
sectors such as services, industry, and manufacturing. India has undertaken significant economic 
reforms since the early 1990s to liberalize its economy, promote private sector participation, attract 
foreign investment, and enhance competitiveness. Key reforms include the dismantling of the license 
raj, reduction of trade barriers, privatization of state-owned enterprises, deregulation of industries, and 
simplification of tax and regulatory frameworks.
Dividing an economy into different sectors helps economists analyse the economic activity within those 
sectors. A sector is an area of the economy in which businesses share the same or related business 
activity, product, or service. We can divide the economy into the following three sectors:
	 l	 Primary sector companies are directly engaged in activities utilizing natural resources, such as 
mining and agriculture.
	 l	Secondary sector companies produce goods derived from the products within the primary 
sector and include manufacturing.
	 l	 Tertiary and quaternary sectors represent the services and knowledge-based economy and 
include retail and information technology.
Now, we will discuss all the three sectors in detail.
PRIMARY (AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES)
The primary sector is that which is involved in obtaining raw materials or natural resources from the 
planet. The kind of economic activities that can exist in a location depend on its characteristics. This 
industry produces goods that are offered or sold to the general population. Utilising the Earth’s natural 
resources, like water, minerals, vegetation, etc., it is able to carry out its economic activities. Despite 
its declining share in GDP, agriculture remains a vital sector, employing a significant portion of the 
population and contributing to food security and rural livelihoods.
There are two categories of primary industries:
Genetic Industry
This industry involved the extraction or gathering of raw materials, which can then be enhanced 
through labour-intensive manufacture. Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and livestock management are a 
few examples of the primary sector’s genetic industry. These industries are susceptible to advances in 
renewable resource technology and science.
Extractive Industry
This category includes the extraction or manufacture of finite raw materials that cannot be replaced 
or replenished by agriculture. In the extractive industries, stone is quarried, mineral fuels are extracted, 
and mineral ores are mined.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
Page 3


522
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
INDIAN ECONOMY
LESSON 5
523
Economic and  
Business Environment
INTRODUCTION
The Indian economy is one of the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world, characterized 
by its diverse sectors, significant population, and ongoing economic reforms. India has transitioned 
from being a primarily agrarian economy to a more diversified one, with significant contributions from 
sectors such as services, industry, and manufacturing. India has undertaken significant economic 
reforms since the early 1990s to liberalize its economy, promote private sector participation, attract 
foreign investment, and enhance competitiveness. Key reforms include the dismantling of the license 
raj, reduction of trade barriers, privatization of state-owned enterprises, deregulation of industries, and 
simplification of tax and regulatory frameworks.
Dividing an economy into different sectors helps economists analyse the economic activity within those 
sectors. A sector is an area of the economy in which businesses share the same or related business 
activity, product, or service. We can divide the economy into the following three sectors:
	 l	 Primary sector companies are directly engaged in activities utilizing natural resources, such as 
mining and agriculture.
	 l	Secondary sector companies produce goods derived from the products within the primary 
sector and include manufacturing.
	 l	 Tertiary and quaternary sectors represent the services and knowledge-based economy and 
include retail and information technology.
Now, we will discuss all the three sectors in detail.
PRIMARY (AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES)
The primary sector is that which is involved in obtaining raw materials or natural resources from the 
planet. The kind of economic activities that can exist in a location depend on its characteristics. This 
industry produces goods that are offered or sold to the general population. Utilising the Earth’s natural 
resources, like water, minerals, vegetation, etc., it is able to carry out its economic activities. Despite 
its declining share in GDP, agriculture remains a vital sector, employing a significant portion of the 
population and contributing to food security and rural livelihoods.
There are two categories of primary industries:
Genetic Industry
This industry involved the extraction or gathering of raw materials, which can then be enhanced 
through labour-intensive manufacture. Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and livestock management are a 
few examples of the primary sector’s genetic industry. These industries are susceptible to advances in 
renewable resource technology and science.
Extractive Industry
This category includes the extraction or manufacture of finite raw materials that cannot be replaced 
or replenished by agriculture. In the extractive industries, stone is quarried, mineral fuels are extracted, 
and mineral ores are mined.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
524
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
Primary Sector Classifications
Primary industries include the following:
Farming: Farmers cultivate plants and raise animals that may be utilised to produce food or other 
items on their property. Agriculture is a primary-sector industry. It is the ability to make raw food using 
agricultural methods.
Rough materials and textiles are separated from food and fuel to form four distinct product groups. The 
food category includes egg yolks, milk, vegetables, meats, and oils. Cotton is a raw material used in 
agriculture to produce clothes.
Mining: The extraction of raw materials from the ground, such as rock, sand, metals, clay, gemstones, and 
minerals, is known as mining. A mining company’s most valuable assets are its reserves and resources. 
Ore resources are located, the profit potential is assessed, and precious metals are extracted.
Mining is also a significant source of raw materials for the secondary sector, used to manufacture 
and create various imported goods. Natural gas, petrol, and water are examples of non-renewable 
resources included in the concept of mining.
Fishing: Fishing is one of the world’s most critical primary businesses. You’ll be responsible for everything 
from shipping and promoting fish goods to preserving them and processing them. Industrial fish farming 
is the fastest-growing food production technology globally, and fish farms presently provide about half 
of the world’s seafood.
Forestry: The forest products business makes a substantial contribution to world economies. For various 
sectors, forestry is a crucial supplier of raw materials. All forms of forest sector goods help address some 
of the needs of contemporary civilization while also improving worldwide human well-being.
However, Indian forests are facing a silent crisis. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall and deforestation 
are weakening their ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), a vital role in combating global warming. 
This poses a major threat to the country’s ambitious climate goal of creating “an additional carbon sink 
of 2.5-3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030”, as per its 
Nationally Determined Contributions, updated in August 2022.
Difference between Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors
Primary Secondary Tertiary
The agricultural and allied 
sector services are known as 
the Primary Sector.
The  manufacturing  sector 
is known as the Secondary 
Sector.
The service sector is known as 
the Tertiary Sector.
Raw materials for goods and 
services are provided for the 
Primary Sector.
Secondary sector changes 
one goods into another by 
building more from it
This sector provides services to 
both the primary and secondary 
sector
The primary sector uses 
traditional techniques and is 
mostly unorganised.
The secondary sector uses 
more reliable methods of 
production and is organised.
This sector uses modern-day 
logistics methods to execute its 
functions and is well organised.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
Page 4


522
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
INDIAN ECONOMY
LESSON 5
523
Economic and  
Business Environment
INTRODUCTION
The Indian economy is one of the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world, characterized 
by its diverse sectors, significant population, and ongoing economic reforms. India has transitioned 
from being a primarily agrarian economy to a more diversified one, with significant contributions from 
sectors such as services, industry, and manufacturing. India has undertaken significant economic 
reforms since the early 1990s to liberalize its economy, promote private sector participation, attract 
foreign investment, and enhance competitiveness. Key reforms include the dismantling of the license 
raj, reduction of trade barriers, privatization of state-owned enterprises, deregulation of industries, and 
simplification of tax and regulatory frameworks.
Dividing an economy into different sectors helps economists analyse the economic activity within those 
sectors. A sector is an area of the economy in which businesses share the same or related business 
activity, product, or service. We can divide the economy into the following three sectors:
	 l	 Primary sector companies are directly engaged in activities utilizing natural resources, such as 
mining and agriculture.
	 l	Secondary sector companies produce goods derived from the products within the primary 
sector and include manufacturing.
	 l	 Tertiary and quaternary sectors represent the services and knowledge-based economy and 
include retail and information technology.
Now, we will discuss all the three sectors in detail.
PRIMARY (AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES)
The primary sector is that which is involved in obtaining raw materials or natural resources from the 
planet. The kind of economic activities that can exist in a location depend on its characteristics. This 
industry produces goods that are offered or sold to the general population. Utilising the Earth’s natural 
resources, like water, minerals, vegetation, etc., it is able to carry out its economic activities. Despite 
its declining share in GDP, agriculture remains a vital sector, employing a significant portion of the 
population and contributing to food security and rural livelihoods.
There are two categories of primary industries:
Genetic Industry
This industry involved the extraction or gathering of raw materials, which can then be enhanced 
through labour-intensive manufacture. Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and livestock management are a 
few examples of the primary sector’s genetic industry. These industries are susceptible to advances in 
renewable resource technology and science.
Extractive Industry
This category includes the extraction or manufacture of finite raw materials that cannot be replaced 
or replenished by agriculture. In the extractive industries, stone is quarried, mineral fuels are extracted, 
and mineral ores are mined.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
524
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
Primary Sector Classifications
Primary industries include the following:
Farming: Farmers cultivate plants and raise animals that may be utilised to produce food or other 
items on their property. Agriculture is a primary-sector industry. It is the ability to make raw food using 
agricultural methods.
Rough materials and textiles are separated from food and fuel to form four distinct product groups. The 
food category includes egg yolks, milk, vegetables, meats, and oils. Cotton is a raw material used in 
agriculture to produce clothes.
Mining: The extraction of raw materials from the ground, such as rock, sand, metals, clay, gemstones, and 
minerals, is known as mining. A mining company’s most valuable assets are its reserves and resources. 
Ore resources are located, the profit potential is assessed, and precious metals are extracted.
Mining is also a significant source of raw materials for the secondary sector, used to manufacture 
and create various imported goods. Natural gas, petrol, and water are examples of non-renewable 
resources included in the concept of mining.
Fishing: Fishing is one of the world’s most critical primary businesses. You’ll be responsible for everything 
from shipping and promoting fish goods to preserving them and processing them. Industrial fish farming 
is the fastest-growing food production technology globally, and fish farms presently provide about half 
of the world’s seafood.
Forestry: The forest products business makes a substantial contribution to world economies. For various 
sectors, forestry is a crucial supplier of raw materials. All forms of forest sector goods help address some 
of the needs of contemporary civilization while also improving worldwide human well-being.
However, Indian forests are facing a silent crisis. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall and deforestation 
are weakening their ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), a vital role in combating global warming. 
This poses a major threat to the country’s ambitious climate goal of creating “an additional carbon sink 
of 2.5-3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030”, as per its 
Nationally Determined Contributions, updated in August 2022.
Difference between Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors
Primary Secondary Tertiary
The agricultural and allied 
sector services are known as 
the Primary Sector.
The  manufacturing  sector 
is known as the Secondary 
Sector.
The service sector is known as 
the Tertiary Sector.
Raw materials for goods and 
services are provided for the 
Primary Sector.
Secondary sector changes 
one goods into another by 
building more from it
This sector provides services to 
both the primary and secondary 
sector
The primary sector uses 
traditional techniques and is 
mostly unorganised.
The secondary sector uses 
more reliable methods of 
production and is organised.
This sector uses modern-day 
logistics methods to execute its 
functions and is well organised.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
525
Economic and  
Business Environment
Primary Secondary Tertiary
This sector consists of forestry, 
agriculture and mining 
activities.
It involves manufacturing units, 
large firms, small scale units and 
multinational organisations.
Insurance trade, Banking and 
communications come under 
this sector.
In comparison to other 
developed nations, India has a 
large workforce employed.
The employment rate is in 
balance, as a specific set 
of skills is needed to find a 
workforce in this sector
This sector’s employment share 
has developed in the ensuing 
years.
Major Investments 
The highlights of the Union Budget 2025 – 2026 are summarized below:
	 l	 An outlay of `1.5 lakh crore proposed for the 50-year interest free loans to states for capital 
expenditure and incentives for reforms.
	 l	 A plan for 2025-30 to plough back capital of `10 lakh crore in new projects announced.
	 l	 Urban Challenge Fund: An Urban Challenge Fund of ` 1 lakh crore announced to implement 
the proposals for ‘Cities as Growth Hubs’, ‘Creative Redevelopment of Cities’ and ‘Water and 
Sanitation’, allocation of ` 10,000 crore proposed for 2025-26.
	 l	 Nuclear Energy Mission for research & development of Small Modular Reactors (SMR) with an 
outlay of `20,000 crore to be set up, 5 indigenously developed SMRs to be operational by 2033.
	 l	 A Maritime Development Fund with a corpus of ` 25,000 crore to be set up, with up to 49 per 
cent contribution by the Government, and the balance from ports and private sector.
	 l	`20,000 crore to be allocated to implement private sector driven Research, Development and 
Innovation initiative announced in the July Budget.
	 l	 FDI in Insurance Sector: The FDI limit for the insurance sector to be raised from 74 to 100 per cent, 
for those companies which invest the entire premium in India.
Agriculture Sector Union Budget 2025-26 
Government of India is committed to the welfare of farmers. This is evident from the fact that in the fiscal 
year 2013-14, when the Ministry of Cooperation, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, and 
Department of Fisheries were integral parts of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, the total 
budget allocation was a mere Rs. 27662.67 crore. In the Union Budget 2025, the Ministry of Consumer 
Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution received Rs 2.16 lakh crore. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers 
Welfare was allocated Rs 1.38 lakh crore. The Ministry of Rural Development was allocated Rs 1.90 lakh 
crore.
Some of the recent changes are as follows:
	 l	 The Union Cabinet approved the Revised National Program for Dairy Development (NPDD) with 
an additional budget of `1,000 crore.
	 l	 The Union Cabinet has also approved the Revised Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) to boost the 
livestock sector, with an additional outlay of `1,000 crore.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
Page 5


522
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
INDIAN ECONOMY
LESSON 5
523
Economic and  
Business Environment
INTRODUCTION
The Indian economy is one of the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world, characterized 
by its diverse sectors, significant population, and ongoing economic reforms. India has transitioned 
from being a primarily agrarian economy to a more diversified one, with significant contributions from 
sectors such as services, industry, and manufacturing. India has undertaken significant economic 
reforms since the early 1990s to liberalize its economy, promote private sector participation, attract 
foreign investment, and enhance competitiveness. Key reforms include the dismantling of the license 
raj, reduction of trade barriers, privatization of state-owned enterprises, deregulation of industries, and 
simplification of tax and regulatory frameworks.
Dividing an economy into different sectors helps economists analyse the economic activity within those 
sectors. A sector is an area of the economy in which businesses share the same or related business 
activity, product, or service. We can divide the economy into the following three sectors:
	 l	 Primary sector companies are directly engaged in activities utilizing natural resources, such as 
mining and agriculture.
	 l	Secondary sector companies produce goods derived from the products within the primary 
sector and include manufacturing.
	 l	 Tertiary and quaternary sectors represent the services and knowledge-based economy and 
include retail and information technology.
Now, we will discuss all the three sectors in detail.
PRIMARY (AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES)
The primary sector is that which is involved in obtaining raw materials or natural resources from the 
planet. The kind of economic activities that can exist in a location depend on its characteristics. This 
industry produces goods that are offered or sold to the general population. Utilising the Earth’s natural 
resources, like water, minerals, vegetation, etc., it is able to carry out its economic activities. Despite 
its declining share in GDP, agriculture remains a vital sector, employing a significant portion of the 
population and contributing to food security and rural livelihoods.
There are two categories of primary industries:
Genetic Industry
This industry involved the extraction or gathering of raw materials, which can then be enhanced 
through labour-intensive manufacture. Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and livestock management are a 
few examples of the primary sector’s genetic industry. These industries are susceptible to advances in 
renewable resource technology and science.
Extractive Industry
This category includes the extraction or manufacture of finite raw materials that cannot be replaced 
or replenished by agriculture. In the extractive industries, stone is quarried, mineral fuels are extracted, 
and mineral ores are mined.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
524
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
Primary Sector Classifications
Primary industries include the following:
Farming: Farmers cultivate plants and raise animals that may be utilised to produce food or other 
items on their property. Agriculture is a primary-sector industry. It is the ability to make raw food using 
agricultural methods.
Rough materials and textiles are separated from food and fuel to form four distinct product groups. The 
food category includes egg yolks, milk, vegetables, meats, and oils. Cotton is a raw material used in 
agriculture to produce clothes.
Mining: The extraction of raw materials from the ground, such as rock, sand, metals, clay, gemstones, and 
minerals, is known as mining. A mining company’s most valuable assets are its reserves and resources. 
Ore resources are located, the profit potential is assessed, and precious metals are extracted.
Mining is also a significant source of raw materials for the secondary sector, used to manufacture 
and create various imported goods. Natural gas, petrol, and water are examples of non-renewable 
resources included in the concept of mining.
Fishing: Fishing is one of the world’s most critical primary businesses. You’ll be responsible for everything 
from shipping and promoting fish goods to preserving them and processing them. Industrial fish farming 
is the fastest-growing food production technology globally, and fish farms presently provide about half 
of the world’s seafood.
Forestry: The forest products business makes a substantial contribution to world economies. For various 
sectors, forestry is a crucial supplier of raw materials. All forms of forest sector goods help address some 
of the needs of contemporary civilization while also improving worldwide human well-being.
However, Indian forests are facing a silent crisis. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall and deforestation 
are weakening their ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), a vital role in combating global warming. 
This poses a major threat to the country’s ambitious climate goal of creating “an additional carbon sink 
of 2.5-3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030”, as per its 
Nationally Determined Contributions, updated in August 2022.
Difference between Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors
Primary Secondary Tertiary
The agricultural and allied 
sector services are known as 
the Primary Sector.
The  manufacturing  sector 
is known as the Secondary 
Sector.
The service sector is known as 
the Tertiary Sector.
Raw materials for goods and 
services are provided for the 
Primary Sector.
Secondary sector changes 
one goods into another by 
building more from it
This sector provides services to 
both the primary and secondary 
sector
The primary sector uses 
traditional techniques and is 
mostly unorganised.
The secondary sector uses 
more reliable methods of 
production and is organised.
This sector uses modern-day 
logistics methods to execute its 
functions and is well organised.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
525
Economic and  
Business Environment
Primary Secondary Tertiary
This sector consists of forestry, 
agriculture and mining 
activities.
It involves manufacturing units, 
large firms, small scale units and 
multinational organisations.
Insurance trade, Banking and 
communications come under 
this sector.
In comparison to other 
developed nations, India has a 
large workforce employed.
The employment rate is in 
balance, as a specific set 
of skills is needed to find a 
workforce in this sector
This sector’s employment share 
has developed in the ensuing 
years.
Major Investments 
The highlights of the Union Budget 2025 – 2026 are summarized below:
	 l	 An outlay of `1.5 lakh crore proposed for the 50-year interest free loans to states for capital 
expenditure and incentives for reforms.
	 l	 A plan for 2025-30 to plough back capital of `10 lakh crore in new projects announced.
	 l	 Urban Challenge Fund: An Urban Challenge Fund of ` 1 lakh crore announced to implement 
the proposals for ‘Cities as Growth Hubs’, ‘Creative Redevelopment of Cities’ and ‘Water and 
Sanitation’, allocation of ` 10,000 crore proposed for 2025-26.
	 l	 Nuclear Energy Mission for research & development of Small Modular Reactors (SMR) with an 
outlay of `20,000 crore to be set up, 5 indigenously developed SMRs to be operational by 2033.
	 l	 A Maritime Development Fund with a corpus of ` 25,000 crore to be set up, with up to 49 per 
cent contribution by the Government, and the balance from ports and private sector.
	 l	`20,000 crore to be allocated to implement private sector driven Research, Development and 
Innovation initiative announced in the July Budget.
	 l	 FDI in Insurance Sector: The FDI limit for the insurance sector to be raised from 74 to 100 per cent, 
for those companies which invest the entire premium in India.
Agriculture Sector Union Budget 2025-26 
Government of India is committed to the welfare of farmers. This is evident from the fact that in the fiscal 
year 2013-14, when the Ministry of Cooperation, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, and 
Department of Fisheries were integral parts of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, the total 
budget allocation was a mere Rs. 27662.67 crore. In the Union Budget 2025, the Ministry of Consumer 
Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution received Rs 2.16 lakh crore. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers 
Welfare was allocated Rs 1.38 lakh crore. The Ministry of Rural Development was allocated Rs 1.90 lakh 
crore.
Some of the recent changes are as follows:
	 l	 The Union Cabinet approved the Revised National Program for Dairy Development (NPDD) with 
an additional budget of `1,000 crore.
	 l	 The Union Cabinet has also approved the Revised Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) to boost the 
livestock sector, with an additional outlay of `1,000 crore.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy
526
CSEET Reference Reading Material - I
Economic and  
Business Environment
	 l	The Union Budget 2025-26 has emphasized agriculture as the foremost engine of India’s 
development.
	 l	 On January 1, 2025, the Union Cabinet approved continuation of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal 
Bima Yojana and Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme till 2025-26.
	 l	 On January 1, 2025, the Union Cabinet approved the extension of One-time Special Package 
on Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) for the period from 01.01.2025 till further orders.
	 l	 The Union Cabinet, on November 25, 2024, approved the launching of the National Mission on 
Natural Farming (NMNF) with a total outlay of Rs.2481 crore.
	 l	 On October 3, 2024, the Union Cabinet approved the rationalization of all Centrally Sponsored 
Schemes (CSS) operating under Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s into two-umbrella Schemes 
viz. Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY), and Krishonnati Yojana (KY).
	 l	 On October 3, 2024, the Union Cabinet approved the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds 
with a financial outlay of Rs 10,103 crore. 
The Government planned to implement a comprehensive range of central sector as well as centrally 
sponsored schemes and programmes for the welfare of farmers in the country. These schemes 
encompass entire spectrum of agriculture including credit, insurance, income support, infrastructure, 
crops including horticulture, seeds, mechanization, marketing, organic and natural farming, farmer 
collectives, irrigation, extension, procurement of crops from farmers at minimum support prices, digital 
agriculture etc.
The details of list of Missions / Schemes implemented by the Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare 
can be accessed from the following link: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2113351#
Current Scenario of Agriculture and allied activities in India 
AGRICULTURE HAS BEEN CONSIDERED AS THE 1ST ENGINE OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNION BUDGET 2025-
2026
	 l	 Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana - Developing Agri Districts Programme: The 
programme to be launched in partnership with the states, covering 100 districts with low 
productivity, moderate crop intensity and below-average credit parameters, to benefit 1.7 
crore farmers.
	 l	Building Rural Prosperity and Resilience: A comprehensive multi-sectoral programme to be 
launched in partnership with states to address under-employment in agriculture through skilling, 
investment, technology, and invigorating the rural economy. Phase-1 to cover 100 developing 
agri-districts.
	 l	 Aatmanirbharta in Pulses: Government to launch a 6-year “Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses” 
with focus on Tur, Urad and Masoor. NAFED and NCCF to procure these pulses from farmers 
during the next 4 years.
	 l	 Comprehensive Programme for Vegetables & Fruits: A comprehensive programme to promote 
production, efficient supplies, processing, and remunerative prices for farmers to be launched 
in partnership with states.
Lesson 5 - Indian Economy