NCERT Textbook: Water Audit for Water Management | Vocational Education (Kaushal Bodh) Class 8 - New NCERT PDF Download

 Page 1


Work in 
Human Services
Part 3
Project 5.indd   107 6/16/2025   3:41:04 PM
Page 2


Work in 
Human Services
Part 3
Project 5.indd   107 6/16/2025   3:41:04 PM
Kaushal Bodh — Grade 8 108
Human Services are about serving people 
and interacting with them in di??erent ways. 
Projects on Work in Human Services will 
help you learn how to work with people. 
You can take up projects related to taking 
care of your health and that of your family 
and others, you can make interesting videos 
and audio clips on various topics, or take up 
making a budget for your family, applying 
Mehndi on people’s hands, or developing a 
comic book; it is up to you to imagine all that 
you can do with your peers.
Two examples of projects are given in this 
section, which are Water Audit for Water 
Management and Creating Advertisements. 
You must take up only one project. You can 
either choose one of these projects or you 
can design a project of your own choice with 
the help of your teacher.
Project 5.indd   108 6/16/2025   3:41:05 PM
Page 3


Work in 
Human Services
Part 3
Project 5.indd   107 6/16/2025   3:41:04 PM
Kaushal Bodh — Grade 8 108
Human Services are about serving people 
and interacting with them in di??erent ways. 
Projects on Work in Human Services will 
help you learn how to work with people. 
You can take up projects related to taking 
care of your health and that of your family 
and others, you can make interesting videos 
and audio clips on various topics, or take up 
making a budget for your family, applying 
Mehndi on people’s hands, or developing a 
comic book; it is up to you to imagine all that 
you can do with your peers.
Two examples of projects are given in this 
section, which are Water Audit for Water 
Management and Creating Advertisements. 
You must take up only one project. You can 
either choose one of these projects or you 
can design a project of your own choice with 
the help of your teacher.
Project 5.indd   108 6/16/2025   3:41:05 PM
Water Audit for Water Management 109
School Kitchen Garden
Project 1:
A water audit is a systematic process through which data about 
water usage and wastage within a building or household is 
examined. This project is about collecting and analysing data 
using different tools for water audit. 
As part of the project, you will be able to:
Collect data 
for tracking 
water use and 
wastage
Analyse data 
to estimate 
water use
Apply simple 
strategies to 
reduce water 
use and 
wastage
Apply simple Apply simple 
Use data to 
predict future 
needs for water
Project 5
Water Audit for Water 
Management
Figure 5.1: Carrying out a water audit in the community
Project 5.indd   109 6/16/2025   3:41:06 PM
Page 4


Work in 
Human Services
Part 3
Project 5.indd   107 6/16/2025   3:41:04 PM
Kaushal Bodh — Grade 8 108
Human Services are about serving people 
and interacting with them in di??erent ways. 
Projects on Work in Human Services will 
help you learn how to work with people. 
You can take up projects related to taking 
care of your health and that of your family 
and others, you can make interesting videos 
and audio clips on various topics, or take up 
making a budget for your family, applying 
Mehndi on people’s hands, or developing a 
comic book; it is up to you to imagine all that 
you can do with your peers.
Two examples of projects are given in this 
section, which are Water Audit for Water 
Management and Creating Advertisements. 
You must take up only one project. You can 
either choose one of these projects or you 
can design a project of your own choice with 
the help of your teacher.
Project 5.indd   108 6/16/2025   3:41:05 PM
Water Audit for Water Management 109
School Kitchen Garden
Project 1:
A water audit is a systematic process through which data about 
water usage and wastage within a building or household is 
examined. This project is about collecting and analysing data 
using different tools for water audit. 
As part of the project, you will be able to:
Collect data 
for tracking 
water use and 
wastage
Analyse data 
to estimate 
water use
Apply simple 
strategies to 
reduce water 
use and 
wastage
Apply simple Apply simple 
Use data to 
predict future 
needs for water
Project 5
Water Audit for Water 
Management
Figure 5.1: Carrying out a water audit in the community
Project 5.indd   109 6/16/2025   3:41:06 PM
Kaushal Bodh — Grade 8 110
Have you ever wondered how the meteorological department 
predicts the arrival of the monsoon or warns us about upcoming 
cyclones, rainfall, heat waves, and snowstorms? They make these 
predictions based on past data, 
assuming that similar trends will 
continue. 
Data is any information 
collected for a specific purpose 
in the form of facts, figures, 
photographs, videos, and so 
on (Figures 5.1 and 5.2). After 
collection, the data is organised so 
that we can interpret it and draw 
conclusions. For example, suppose 
we have data about temperature, 
humidity, and rainfall over a 
period of time. In that case, we can 
predict the chances of rain, given 
specific conditions of temperature 
and humidity. 
Imagine a village where 
farmers usually grow crops that 
need water. However, if past data 
on temperature and humidity show that a particular summer will 
be hotter and the rains will arrive late, the weather forecast can 
help them plan better. Instead of planting the usual crops, they 
can either delay sowing or choose crops that need less water. This 
way, they can avoid losses and better use their resources. 
In today’s age of information technology, data is considered 
an essential asset since it provides crucial information to make 
informed decisions.
Data helps us in everyday life, for example, by estimating 
travel time or finding an allergy to some food in our diet. It enables 
government departments to plan water release schedules from 
dams, or prepare for traffic control during significant events.  
Figure 5.2: Data is information in many 
forms collected for a speci??c purpose
Project 5.indd   110 6/16/2025   3:41:07 PM
Page 5


Work in 
Human Services
Part 3
Project 5.indd   107 6/16/2025   3:41:04 PM
Kaushal Bodh — Grade 8 108
Human Services are about serving people 
and interacting with them in di??erent ways. 
Projects on Work in Human Services will 
help you learn how to work with people. 
You can take up projects related to taking 
care of your health and that of your family 
and others, you can make interesting videos 
and audio clips on various topics, or take up 
making a budget for your family, applying 
Mehndi on people’s hands, or developing a 
comic book; it is up to you to imagine all that 
you can do with your peers.
Two examples of projects are given in this 
section, which are Water Audit for Water 
Management and Creating Advertisements. 
You must take up only one project. You can 
either choose one of these projects or you 
can design a project of your own choice with 
the help of your teacher.
Project 5.indd   108 6/16/2025   3:41:05 PM
Water Audit for Water Management 109
School Kitchen Garden
Project 1:
A water audit is a systematic process through which data about 
water usage and wastage within a building or household is 
examined. This project is about collecting and analysing data 
using different tools for water audit. 
As part of the project, you will be able to:
Collect data 
for tracking 
water use and 
wastage
Analyse data 
to estimate 
water use
Apply simple 
strategies to 
reduce water 
use and 
wastage
Apply simple Apply simple 
Use data to 
predict future 
needs for water
Project 5
Water Audit for Water 
Management
Figure 5.1: Carrying out a water audit in the community
Project 5.indd   109 6/16/2025   3:41:06 PM
Kaushal Bodh — Grade 8 110
Have you ever wondered how the meteorological department 
predicts the arrival of the monsoon or warns us about upcoming 
cyclones, rainfall, heat waves, and snowstorms? They make these 
predictions based on past data, 
assuming that similar trends will 
continue. 
Data is any information 
collected for a specific purpose 
in the form of facts, figures, 
photographs, videos, and so 
on (Figures 5.1 and 5.2). After 
collection, the data is organised so 
that we can interpret it and draw 
conclusions. For example, suppose 
we have data about temperature, 
humidity, and rainfall over a 
period of time. In that case, we can 
predict the chances of rain, given 
specific conditions of temperature 
and humidity. 
Imagine a village where 
farmers usually grow crops that 
need water. However, if past data 
on temperature and humidity show that a particular summer will 
be hotter and the rains will arrive late, the weather forecast can 
help them plan better. Instead of planting the usual crops, they 
can either delay sowing or choose crops that need less water. This 
way, they can avoid losses and better use their resources. 
In today’s age of information technology, data is considered 
an essential asset since it provides crucial information to make 
informed decisions.
Data helps us in everyday life, for example, by estimating 
travel time or finding an allergy to some food in our diet. It enables 
government departments to plan water release schedules from 
dams, or prepare for traffic control during significant events.  
Figure 5.2: Data is information in many 
forms collected for a speci??c purpose
Project 5.indd   110 6/16/2025   3:41:07 PM
Water Audit for Water Management 111
In this project, you will collect data on water usage in 
your locality. You will conduct a water audit by systematically 
examining its uses and identifying sources of wastage. The data 
collected on water usage will be used to estimate water usage in 
different scenarios.  
To get accurate results, the data collected has to be correct 
and authentic (e.g., if you are collecting data on red cars passing 
a traffic signal in one hour, then a car of any other colour will not 
be included), reliable (e.g., even if two people are collecting data 
on red cars, they must come up with the same data), and obtained 
by experiment or from a source that can be trusted (e.g., before 
data collection, observers decide the colour will be considered 
red). This process will also prepare you to analyse different kinds 
of data. 
Water in India: A big challenge
India has only four per cent of the world’s freshwater but nearly 
eighteen per cent of the world’s population. At the same time, 
water is not available equally everywhere in the country; some 
places face floods, while others experience droughts. 
Droughts are often seen as natural disasters, but in reality, 
they are primarily caused by human activities, such as 
deforestation, poor agricultural practices, and over-extraction 
of groundwater. They are also due to mismanagement and 
misuse of water at the micro (household) and macro (district/
state) levels. 
Did you know that leaving a tap running for five minutes 
can waste 45 litres of water? Are we using our water carefully? 
Or are some of us using water irresponsibly and wasting others’ 
share of water?  Some people struggle to get water, depending 
on water tankers or walking long distances to fill a single 
bucket. At the same time, thousands of litres are wasted due to
leaks and careless use. 
Project 5.indd   111 6/16/2025   3:41:07 PM