PPT: The Amazing World of Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions | Science Curiosity Class 8 - New NCERT PDF Download

 Page 1


The Amazing World of
Solutes, Solvents, and
Solutions
Page 2


The Amazing World of
Solutes, Solvents, and
Solutions
What Are Solute, Solvent, and Solution?
S o l u t e
The substance that
dissolves (usually in smaller
amount)
Examples: salt, sugar,
oxygen in air
S o l v e n t
The substance that does the
dissolving (usually in larger
amount)
Examples: water, nitrogen in
air
S o l u t i o n
The uniform mixture formed when solute dissolves in
solvent
Examples: salt water, sugar water, air
Page 3


The Amazing World of
Solutes, Solvents, and
Solutions
What Are Solute, Solvent, and Solution?
S o l u t e
The substance that
dissolves (usually in smaller
amount)
Examples: salt, sugar,
oxygen in air
S o l v e n t
The substance that does the
dissolving (usually in larger
amount)
Examples: water, nitrogen in
air
S o l u t i o n
The uniform mixture formed when solute dissolves in
solvent
Examples: salt water, sugar water, air
How Much Solute Can a Fixed Amount of Solvent Dissolve?
When you keep adding salt to water, eventually it stops
dissolving and settles at the bottom. This happens because
the solvent has reached its limit to dissolve the solute at that
temperature.
Unsaturated Solution
More solute can still be dissolved at a given temperature
Saturated Solution
No more solute can be dissolved at that temperature;
additional solute settles at the bottom
Page 4


The Amazing World of
Solutes, Solvents, and
Solutions
What Are Solute, Solvent, and Solution?
S o l u t e
The substance that
dissolves (usually in smaller
amount)
Examples: salt, sugar,
oxygen in air
S o l v e n t
The substance that does the
dissolving (usually in larger
amount)
Examples: water, nitrogen in
air
S o l u t i o n
The uniform mixture formed when solute dissolves in
solvent
Examples: salt water, sugar water, air
How Much Solute Can a Fixed Amount of Solvent Dissolve?
When you keep adding salt to water, eventually it stops
dissolving and settles at the bottom. This happens because
the solvent has reached its limit to dissolve the solute at that
temperature.
Unsaturated Solution
More solute can still be dissolved at a given temperature
Saturated Solution
No more solute can be dissolved at that temperature;
additional solute settles at the bottom
Concentration of Solutions
The amount of solute present in a fixed quantity of solution (or solvent) is termed as its c o n c e n t r a t i o n.
Dilute Solution
Contains a relatively small amount of solute in
the solvent
Example: 1 spoon of salt in 100 mL water
Concentrated Solution
Contains a relatively large amount of solute in
the solvent
Example: 4 spoons of salt in 50 mL water
Page 5


The Amazing World of
Solutes, Solvents, and
Solutions
What Are Solute, Solvent, and Solution?
S o l u t e
The substance that
dissolves (usually in smaller
amount)
Examples: salt, sugar,
oxygen in air
S o l v e n t
The substance that does the
dissolving (usually in larger
amount)
Examples: water, nitrogen in
air
S o l u t i o n
The uniform mixture formed when solute dissolves in
solvent
Examples: salt water, sugar water, air
How Much Solute Can a Fixed Amount of Solvent Dissolve?
When you keep adding salt to water, eventually it stops
dissolving and settles at the bottom. This happens because
the solvent has reached its limit to dissolve the solute at that
temperature.
Unsaturated Solution
More solute can still be dissolved at a given temperature
Saturated Solution
No more solute can be dissolved at that temperature;
additional solute settles at the bottom
Concentration of Solutions
The amount of solute present in a fixed quantity of solution (or solvent) is termed as its c o n c e n t r a t i o n.
Dilute Solution
Contains a relatively small amount of solute in
the solvent
Example: 1 spoon of salt in 100 mL water
Concentrated Solution
Contains a relatively large amount of solute in
the solvent
Example: 4 spoons of salt in 50 mL water
Solubility and Temperature
S o l u b i l i t y is defined as the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a fixed
quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.
For most solid substances:
For most solids, solubility typically increases with rising temperature.
This means a saturated solution at a lower temperature can dissolve more solute if heated, becoming
unsaturated.
For instance, baking soda dissolves more readily in water at 70°C than at 50°C, and even
less at 20°C, demonstrating this principle.