Class 12 Political Science: CBSE Marking Scheme (2025-26) | CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Humanities - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


1 
 
MARKING SCHEME 
POLITICAL SCIENCE (028) 
CLASS-XII (2025-26) 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                                 MaximumMarks:80 
Q. No.                                 Answers 
 
Marks 
 SECTION-A (12x1=12Marks)  
1 C)  Multilateral diplomacy and co-operation 1 
2 A) Rio Summit 1 
3 C) Both statements I and II are correct. 1 
4 A) Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia 1 
5 D) 1990s 1 
6 B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1 
7 C) National security and economic development 1 
8 B) Atal Behari Vajpayee 1 
9 C) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya 1 
10   A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
11 C) Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq 1 
12 A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
 
SECTION –B (6x2=12MARKS) 
 
13 First Five Year Plan: The First Five Year Plan emphasised on agricultural 
sector, dams and irrigation facilities. It also focused to increase the literacy rate. 
It focused on saving; therefore, the per capita income was increased. 
Candidates may include the steps taken in the Second Five Year Plan also.  
(OR Any Other relevant point/s) 
2 
    14 i) The Maldives, an island nation was a sultanate till 1968. It was transformed 
into a republic with a presidential form of government. 
ii) In June 2005 the Parliament of Maldives voted unanimously for multiparty 
system. MDP dominates the political affairs of the island. Democracy 
strengthened in the Maldives after the 2005 elections when some opposition 
parties were legalized.                                                           (Both the points) 
2 
    15 
i) Disarmament: It bounds states to give up certain kinds of weapons to avoid 
mass destruction such as chemical weapons. 
ii) Confidence Building: Cooperative security accepts confidence building as 
means of avoiding violence. It is the process, designed to ensure that rivals do 
not go to war through misunderstanding or misperception. 
iii) Arms Control: It regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. The 
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 1972 tried to stop United States and Soviet Union 
from using ballistic missiles as a defensive shield to launch a nuclear attack.                                                                                 
(Any two points) 
 
2 
Page 2


1 
 
MARKING SCHEME 
POLITICAL SCIENCE (028) 
CLASS-XII (2025-26) 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                                 MaximumMarks:80 
Q. No.                                 Answers 
 
Marks 
 SECTION-A (12x1=12Marks)  
1 C)  Multilateral diplomacy and co-operation 1 
2 A) Rio Summit 1 
3 C) Both statements I and II are correct. 1 
4 A) Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia 1 
5 D) 1990s 1 
6 B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1 
7 C) National security and economic development 1 
8 B) Atal Behari Vajpayee 1 
9 C) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya 1 
10   A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
11 C) Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq 1 
12 A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
 
SECTION –B (6x2=12MARKS) 
 
13 First Five Year Plan: The First Five Year Plan emphasised on agricultural 
sector, dams and irrigation facilities. It also focused to increase the literacy rate. 
It focused on saving; therefore, the per capita income was increased. 
Candidates may include the steps taken in the Second Five Year Plan also.  
(OR Any Other relevant point/s) 
2 
    14 i) The Maldives, an island nation was a sultanate till 1968. It was transformed 
into a republic with a presidential form of government. 
ii) In June 2005 the Parliament of Maldives voted unanimously for multiparty 
system. MDP dominates the political affairs of the island. Democracy 
strengthened in the Maldives after the 2005 elections when some opposition 
parties were legalized.                                                           (Both the points) 
2 
    15 
i) Disarmament: It bounds states to give up certain kinds of weapons to avoid 
mass destruction such as chemical weapons. 
ii) Confidence Building: Cooperative security accepts confidence building as 
means of avoiding violence. It is the process, designed to ensure that rivals do 
not go to war through misunderstanding or misperception. 
iii) Arms Control: It regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. The 
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 1972 tried to stop United States and Soviet Union 
from using ballistic missiles as a defensive shield to launch a nuclear attack.                                                                                 
(Any two points) 
 
2 
2 
 
   16 i) Mandal Commission was appointed to investigate the extent of educational 
and social backwardness among various sections of Indian society. 
ii) To recommend ways of identifying the backward classes and the ways to end 
this backwardness.                                      (or Any other relevant point/s) 
2 
   17 One-party dominance means one party remains politically dominant in a 
competitive democratic system, while a one-party system refers to a system 
where only one legal political party exists, with no competition (e.g., China).  
2 
18 
i) Global poverty means the poverty spread in the different parts of the World.   
It is likely to rise up to 9-10 billion in upcoming decades. Currently, half of the 
world’s population growth occurs in just six countries India, China, Pakistan, 
Nigeria, Bangladesh and Indonesia. Among the world’s poorest countries, 
population is expected to triple in the next 50 years, whereas population is 
shrinking in many rich countries. 
ii) High per capita income and low population growth make rich state or rich 
social groups get richer, whereas low incomes and high population growth 
reinforce each other to make poor states and poor groups get poorer. Globally, 
this disparity contributes to the gap between the Northern and Southern 
countries of world.                                (or Any other relevant point/s) 
2 
 SECTION-C (5x4=20MARKS)  
19 i) Due to India’s size, location and power potential, Nehru dreamt of major role 
for India world affairs, especially in Asia. 
 ii) Under Nehru’s leadership, India made contact with other newly emerged 
Independent nations of Asia and Africa. 
iii) During the 1940s and 1950s, Nehru advocated with great enthusiasm to 
support the Asian unit /. Under his leadership, India hosted the Asian relations 
conference in March 1947, five months before India’s independence. 
 iv) India even made efforts to support the liberation movement of Indonesia to 
free it from the clutches of Dutch colonial rule by convening an international 
conference in 1949. 
 v) Afro-Asian meeting held in the Indonesian city of Bandung in 1955 
commonly known as the Bandung Conference was a watershed in India’s 
engagement with the newly liberated nations of Asia and Africa. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
4 
20 (i) India is a big country where different parts have different culture and 
language.  It is the diversity. 
(ii) Different demands are to be addressed in a democratic way. 
(iii) Union Government accommodates all such demands. 
It reflects the unity in diversity – as people of different religion expect the Union 
Government to fulfill their demands.  
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
4 
21 A i)   Indo-Russian relation is an important segment of India’s foreign policy. The 
relations between these two countries are embedded in a history of trust 
and common interests. 
ii)    Both countries share a vision of a multipolar world. 
iii)  From this relationship, India gets benefits on issues like Kashmir, energy 
supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to Central 
Asia and balancing its relations with China.   
4 
Page 3


1 
 
MARKING SCHEME 
POLITICAL SCIENCE (028) 
CLASS-XII (2025-26) 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                                 MaximumMarks:80 
Q. No.                                 Answers 
 
Marks 
 SECTION-A (12x1=12Marks)  
1 C)  Multilateral diplomacy and co-operation 1 
2 A) Rio Summit 1 
3 C) Both statements I and II are correct. 1 
4 A) Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia 1 
5 D) 1990s 1 
6 B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1 
7 C) National security and economic development 1 
8 B) Atal Behari Vajpayee 1 
9 C) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya 1 
10   A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
11 C) Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq 1 
12 A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
 
SECTION –B (6x2=12MARKS) 
 
13 First Five Year Plan: The First Five Year Plan emphasised on agricultural 
sector, dams and irrigation facilities. It also focused to increase the literacy rate. 
It focused on saving; therefore, the per capita income was increased. 
Candidates may include the steps taken in the Second Five Year Plan also.  
(OR Any Other relevant point/s) 
2 
    14 i) The Maldives, an island nation was a sultanate till 1968. It was transformed 
into a republic with a presidential form of government. 
ii) In June 2005 the Parliament of Maldives voted unanimously for multiparty 
system. MDP dominates the political affairs of the island. Democracy 
strengthened in the Maldives after the 2005 elections when some opposition 
parties were legalized.                                                           (Both the points) 
2 
    15 
i) Disarmament: It bounds states to give up certain kinds of weapons to avoid 
mass destruction such as chemical weapons. 
ii) Confidence Building: Cooperative security accepts confidence building as 
means of avoiding violence. It is the process, designed to ensure that rivals do 
not go to war through misunderstanding or misperception. 
iii) Arms Control: It regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. The 
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 1972 tried to stop United States and Soviet Union 
from using ballistic missiles as a defensive shield to launch a nuclear attack.                                                                                 
(Any two points) 
 
2 
2 
 
   16 i) Mandal Commission was appointed to investigate the extent of educational 
and social backwardness among various sections of Indian society. 
ii) To recommend ways of identifying the backward classes and the ways to end 
this backwardness.                                      (or Any other relevant point/s) 
2 
   17 One-party dominance means one party remains politically dominant in a 
competitive democratic system, while a one-party system refers to a system 
where only one legal political party exists, with no competition (e.g., China).  
2 
18 
i) Global poverty means the poverty spread in the different parts of the World.   
It is likely to rise up to 9-10 billion in upcoming decades. Currently, half of the 
world’s population growth occurs in just six countries India, China, Pakistan, 
Nigeria, Bangladesh and Indonesia. Among the world’s poorest countries, 
population is expected to triple in the next 50 years, whereas population is 
shrinking in many rich countries. 
ii) High per capita income and low population growth make rich state or rich 
social groups get richer, whereas low incomes and high population growth 
reinforce each other to make poor states and poor groups get poorer. Globally, 
this disparity contributes to the gap between the Northern and Southern 
countries of world.                                (or Any other relevant point/s) 
2 
 SECTION-C (5x4=20MARKS)  
19 i) Due to India’s size, location and power potential, Nehru dreamt of major role 
for India world affairs, especially in Asia. 
 ii) Under Nehru’s leadership, India made contact with other newly emerged 
Independent nations of Asia and Africa. 
iii) During the 1940s and 1950s, Nehru advocated with great enthusiasm to 
support the Asian unit /. Under his leadership, India hosted the Asian relations 
conference in March 1947, five months before India’s independence. 
 iv) India even made efforts to support the liberation movement of Indonesia to 
free it from the clutches of Dutch colonial rule by convening an international 
conference in 1949. 
 v) Afro-Asian meeting held in the Indonesian city of Bandung in 1955 
commonly known as the Bandung Conference was a watershed in India’s 
engagement with the newly liberated nations of Asia and Africa. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
4 
20 (i) India is a big country where different parts have different culture and 
language.  It is the diversity. 
(ii) Different demands are to be addressed in a democratic way. 
(iii) Union Government accommodates all such demands. 
It reflects the unity in diversity – as people of different religion expect the Union 
Government to fulfill their demands.  
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
4 
21 A i)   Indo-Russian relation is an important segment of India’s foreign policy. The 
relations between these two countries are embedded in a history of trust 
and common interests. 
ii)    Both countries share a vision of a multipolar world. 
iii)  From this relationship, India gets benefits on issues like Kashmir, energy 
supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to Central 
Asia and balancing its relations with China.   
4 
3 
 
iv)  On the other hand, Russia stands to benefit from this relationship because 
India is the second largest arms market for Russia. The Indian military gets 
most of its hardware from Russia. 
v)   Russia is vital for India as it has repeatedly come to the assistance of India 
during its oil crisis. India is trying to increase its energy imports from Russia 
and the republics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.  
vi)  Russia supports India’s nuclear energy plants and assisted India’s space 
industry. For example, Russia has provided the cryogenic rocket when India 
needed it. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
 
OR 
 
21 B The two positive features of the Soviet system were: 
i) A minimum standard of living for all citizens was ensured by the Soviet state. 
ii) Subsidised basic necessities including health, education, child care and other 
welfare schemes. 
iii) State ownership was given more importance. Land and productive assets 
were owned and controlled by the Soviet state. 
The two negative features of the Soviet system were: 
i) The Soviet system was very bureaucratised and authoritarian in nature. 
ii) Authoritarianism meant the absence of democracy and freedom of speech 
which angered the people. 
iii) The Soviet economy witnessed economic stagnation.  
iv) State Treasury had spent a huge fortune on building and maintaining 
nuclear arsenals and in developing its satellite states in East Europe and within 
the Soviet system. It turned into a large economic burden and the facilities to 
the people were reduced. 
(Any two each  or other relevant point/s) 
 
22 A Globalisation means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across 
different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept. It has political, 
economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately 
distinguished. 
i) Globalization is caused by new modern technology both communication and 
transport.  It facilitates the easy flow of ideas, commodities and people from one 
country to other country. 
ii) Inter-Connectedness: Nowadays the happenings in one part of the World are 
not limited to that part only but affects the people of to their countries. Inter-
Connectedness enhances globalisation. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
2x2=4 
 
OR 
 
 
Page 4


1 
 
MARKING SCHEME 
POLITICAL SCIENCE (028) 
CLASS-XII (2025-26) 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                                 MaximumMarks:80 
Q. No.                                 Answers 
 
Marks 
 SECTION-A (12x1=12Marks)  
1 C)  Multilateral diplomacy and co-operation 1 
2 A) Rio Summit 1 
3 C) Both statements I and II are correct. 1 
4 A) Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia 1 
5 D) 1990s 1 
6 B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1 
7 C) National security and economic development 1 
8 B) Atal Behari Vajpayee 1 
9 C) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya 1 
10   A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
11 C) Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq 1 
12 A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
 
SECTION –B (6x2=12MARKS) 
 
13 First Five Year Plan: The First Five Year Plan emphasised on agricultural 
sector, dams and irrigation facilities. It also focused to increase the literacy rate. 
It focused on saving; therefore, the per capita income was increased. 
Candidates may include the steps taken in the Second Five Year Plan also.  
(OR Any Other relevant point/s) 
2 
    14 i) The Maldives, an island nation was a sultanate till 1968. It was transformed 
into a republic with a presidential form of government. 
ii) In June 2005 the Parliament of Maldives voted unanimously for multiparty 
system. MDP dominates the political affairs of the island. Democracy 
strengthened in the Maldives after the 2005 elections when some opposition 
parties were legalized.                                                           (Both the points) 
2 
    15 
i) Disarmament: It bounds states to give up certain kinds of weapons to avoid 
mass destruction such as chemical weapons. 
ii) Confidence Building: Cooperative security accepts confidence building as 
means of avoiding violence. It is the process, designed to ensure that rivals do 
not go to war through misunderstanding or misperception. 
iii) Arms Control: It regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. The 
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 1972 tried to stop United States and Soviet Union 
from using ballistic missiles as a defensive shield to launch a nuclear attack.                                                                                 
(Any two points) 
 
2 
2 
 
   16 i) Mandal Commission was appointed to investigate the extent of educational 
and social backwardness among various sections of Indian society. 
ii) To recommend ways of identifying the backward classes and the ways to end 
this backwardness.                                      (or Any other relevant point/s) 
2 
   17 One-party dominance means one party remains politically dominant in a 
competitive democratic system, while a one-party system refers to a system 
where only one legal political party exists, with no competition (e.g., China).  
2 
18 
i) Global poverty means the poverty spread in the different parts of the World.   
It is likely to rise up to 9-10 billion in upcoming decades. Currently, half of the 
world’s population growth occurs in just six countries India, China, Pakistan, 
Nigeria, Bangladesh and Indonesia. Among the world’s poorest countries, 
population is expected to triple in the next 50 years, whereas population is 
shrinking in many rich countries. 
ii) High per capita income and low population growth make rich state or rich 
social groups get richer, whereas low incomes and high population growth 
reinforce each other to make poor states and poor groups get poorer. Globally, 
this disparity contributes to the gap between the Northern and Southern 
countries of world.                                (or Any other relevant point/s) 
2 
 SECTION-C (5x4=20MARKS)  
19 i) Due to India’s size, location and power potential, Nehru dreamt of major role 
for India world affairs, especially in Asia. 
 ii) Under Nehru’s leadership, India made contact with other newly emerged 
Independent nations of Asia and Africa. 
iii) During the 1940s and 1950s, Nehru advocated with great enthusiasm to 
support the Asian unit /. Under his leadership, India hosted the Asian relations 
conference in March 1947, five months before India’s independence. 
 iv) India even made efforts to support the liberation movement of Indonesia to 
free it from the clutches of Dutch colonial rule by convening an international 
conference in 1949. 
 v) Afro-Asian meeting held in the Indonesian city of Bandung in 1955 
commonly known as the Bandung Conference was a watershed in India’s 
engagement with the newly liberated nations of Asia and Africa. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
4 
20 (i) India is a big country where different parts have different culture and 
language.  It is the diversity. 
(ii) Different demands are to be addressed in a democratic way. 
(iii) Union Government accommodates all such demands. 
It reflects the unity in diversity – as people of different religion expect the Union 
Government to fulfill their demands.  
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
4 
21 A i)   Indo-Russian relation is an important segment of India’s foreign policy. The 
relations between these two countries are embedded in a history of trust 
and common interests. 
ii)    Both countries share a vision of a multipolar world. 
iii)  From this relationship, India gets benefits on issues like Kashmir, energy 
supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to Central 
Asia and balancing its relations with China.   
4 
3 
 
iv)  On the other hand, Russia stands to benefit from this relationship because 
India is the second largest arms market for Russia. The Indian military gets 
most of its hardware from Russia. 
v)   Russia is vital for India as it has repeatedly come to the assistance of India 
during its oil crisis. India is trying to increase its energy imports from Russia 
and the republics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.  
vi)  Russia supports India’s nuclear energy plants and assisted India’s space 
industry. For example, Russia has provided the cryogenic rocket when India 
needed it. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
 
OR 
 
21 B The two positive features of the Soviet system were: 
i) A minimum standard of living for all citizens was ensured by the Soviet state. 
ii) Subsidised basic necessities including health, education, child care and other 
welfare schemes. 
iii) State ownership was given more importance. Land and productive assets 
were owned and controlled by the Soviet state. 
The two negative features of the Soviet system were: 
i) The Soviet system was very bureaucratised and authoritarian in nature. 
ii) Authoritarianism meant the absence of democracy and freedom of speech 
which angered the people. 
iii) The Soviet economy witnessed economic stagnation.  
iv) State Treasury had spent a huge fortune on building and maintaining 
nuclear arsenals and in developing its satellite states in East Europe and within 
the Soviet system. It turned into a large economic burden and the facilities to 
the people were reduced. 
(Any two each  or other relevant point/s) 
 
22 A Globalisation means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across 
different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept. It has political, 
economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately 
distinguished. 
i) Globalization is caused by new modern technology both communication and 
transport.  It facilitates the easy flow of ideas, commodities and people from one 
country to other country. 
ii) Inter-Connectedness: Nowadays the happenings in one part of the World are 
not limited to that part only but affects the people of to their countries. Inter-
Connectedness enhances globalisation. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
2x2=4 
 
OR 
 
 
4 
 
22 B i) Globalisation results in erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of 
government to do what they do.  
ii) The old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that 
performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and 
the security of its citizens.  
iii) It is the market that becomes prime determinant of economic and social 
priorities.  
iv)The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the 
world lead to a reduction in the capacity of governments to take decisions on 
their own. 
 (Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
 
23 i) In March 1977 elections, for the first time, Congress lost elections with winning 
154 seats only. 
ii) Janata Party and its allies won 330 seats out of 542 seats. 
iii) Congress lost from all the States of Bihar, U.P., Haryana, Delhi and Madhya 
Pradesh. 
iv) Janata Party was formed The Government. 
v)  Opposition party realized the use of not to divide the votes to enjoy the 
power. 
(Any four or Any other relevant point/s)        
                   
      4 
 SECTION-D (3x4=12MARKS) 
 
 
24 I)  B) Earth summit 
II)  A) The First World and the Third World countries 
III)  D) Earth 
IV)  B) Europe and North America 
Following questions are for the visually Challenged candidates in lieu of 
question number 24 
I) Global North reflects rich and developed countries of the First World and the 
Global South reflects the poor and under developed countries of the Third 
World. 
II) India and China. 
III) Antarctic  
IV) Outer space. 
1+1+1
+1=4 
25  
Sr. Number for the 
Information used 
Concerned 
alphabet given 
in the map 
Name of the State 
I C Bihar 
II D Rajasthan 
III A Haryana 
IV B Madras(Tamil Nadu 
 
Note: Following questions are for the Visually Challenged Candidates in 
lieu of question number 25. 
1+1+1
+1=4 
Page 5


1 
 
MARKING SCHEME 
POLITICAL SCIENCE (028) 
CLASS-XII (2025-26) 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                                 MaximumMarks:80 
Q. No.                                 Answers 
 
Marks 
 SECTION-A (12x1=12Marks)  
1 C)  Multilateral diplomacy and co-operation 1 
2 A) Rio Summit 1 
3 C) Both statements I and II are correct. 1 
4 A) Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia 1 
5 D) 1990s 1 
6 B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1 
7 C) National security and economic development 1 
8 B) Atal Behari Vajpayee 1 
9 C) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya 1 
10   A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
11 C) Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq 1 
12 A) (III), (II), (IV), (I) 1 
 
SECTION –B (6x2=12MARKS) 
 
13 First Five Year Plan: The First Five Year Plan emphasised on agricultural 
sector, dams and irrigation facilities. It also focused to increase the literacy rate. 
It focused on saving; therefore, the per capita income was increased. 
Candidates may include the steps taken in the Second Five Year Plan also.  
(OR Any Other relevant point/s) 
2 
    14 i) The Maldives, an island nation was a sultanate till 1968. It was transformed 
into a republic with a presidential form of government. 
ii) In June 2005 the Parliament of Maldives voted unanimously for multiparty 
system. MDP dominates the political affairs of the island. Democracy 
strengthened in the Maldives after the 2005 elections when some opposition 
parties were legalized.                                                           (Both the points) 
2 
    15 
i) Disarmament: It bounds states to give up certain kinds of weapons to avoid 
mass destruction such as chemical weapons. 
ii) Confidence Building: Cooperative security accepts confidence building as 
means of avoiding violence. It is the process, designed to ensure that rivals do 
not go to war through misunderstanding or misperception. 
iii) Arms Control: It regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. The 
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 1972 tried to stop United States and Soviet Union 
from using ballistic missiles as a defensive shield to launch a nuclear attack.                                                                                 
(Any two points) 
 
2 
2 
 
   16 i) Mandal Commission was appointed to investigate the extent of educational 
and social backwardness among various sections of Indian society. 
ii) To recommend ways of identifying the backward classes and the ways to end 
this backwardness.                                      (or Any other relevant point/s) 
2 
   17 One-party dominance means one party remains politically dominant in a 
competitive democratic system, while a one-party system refers to a system 
where only one legal political party exists, with no competition (e.g., China).  
2 
18 
i) Global poverty means the poverty spread in the different parts of the World.   
It is likely to rise up to 9-10 billion in upcoming decades. Currently, half of the 
world’s population growth occurs in just six countries India, China, Pakistan, 
Nigeria, Bangladesh and Indonesia. Among the world’s poorest countries, 
population is expected to triple in the next 50 years, whereas population is 
shrinking in many rich countries. 
ii) High per capita income and low population growth make rich state or rich 
social groups get richer, whereas low incomes and high population growth 
reinforce each other to make poor states and poor groups get poorer. Globally, 
this disparity contributes to the gap between the Northern and Southern 
countries of world.                                (or Any other relevant point/s) 
2 
 SECTION-C (5x4=20MARKS)  
19 i) Due to India’s size, location and power potential, Nehru dreamt of major role 
for India world affairs, especially in Asia. 
 ii) Under Nehru’s leadership, India made contact with other newly emerged 
Independent nations of Asia and Africa. 
iii) During the 1940s and 1950s, Nehru advocated with great enthusiasm to 
support the Asian unit /. Under his leadership, India hosted the Asian relations 
conference in March 1947, five months before India’s independence. 
 iv) India even made efforts to support the liberation movement of Indonesia to 
free it from the clutches of Dutch colonial rule by convening an international 
conference in 1949. 
 v) Afro-Asian meeting held in the Indonesian city of Bandung in 1955 
commonly known as the Bandung Conference was a watershed in India’s 
engagement with the newly liberated nations of Asia and Africa. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
4 
20 (i) India is a big country where different parts have different culture and 
language.  It is the diversity. 
(ii) Different demands are to be addressed in a democratic way. 
(iii) Union Government accommodates all such demands. 
It reflects the unity in diversity – as people of different religion expect the Union 
Government to fulfill their demands.  
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
4 
21 A i)   Indo-Russian relation is an important segment of India’s foreign policy. The 
relations between these two countries are embedded in a history of trust 
and common interests. 
ii)    Both countries share a vision of a multipolar world. 
iii)  From this relationship, India gets benefits on issues like Kashmir, energy 
supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to Central 
Asia and balancing its relations with China.   
4 
3 
 
iv)  On the other hand, Russia stands to benefit from this relationship because 
India is the second largest arms market for Russia. The Indian military gets 
most of its hardware from Russia. 
v)   Russia is vital for India as it has repeatedly come to the assistance of India 
during its oil crisis. India is trying to increase its energy imports from Russia 
and the republics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.  
vi)  Russia supports India’s nuclear energy plants and assisted India’s space 
industry. For example, Russia has provided the cryogenic rocket when India 
needed it. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
 
OR 
 
21 B The two positive features of the Soviet system were: 
i) A minimum standard of living for all citizens was ensured by the Soviet state. 
ii) Subsidised basic necessities including health, education, child care and other 
welfare schemes. 
iii) State ownership was given more importance. Land and productive assets 
were owned and controlled by the Soviet state. 
The two negative features of the Soviet system were: 
i) The Soviet system was very bureaucratised and authoritarian in nature. 
ii) Authoritarianism meant the absence of democracy and freedom of speech 
which angered the people. 
iii) The Soviet economy witnessed economic stagnation.  
iv) State Treasury had spent a huge fortune on building and maintaining 
nuclear arsenals and in developing its satellite states in East Europe and within 
the Soviet system. It turned into a large economic burden and the facilities to 
the people were reduced. 
(Any two each  or other relevant point/s) 
 
22 A Globalisation means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across 
different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept. It has political, 
economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately 
distinguished. 
i) Globalization is caused by new modern technology both communication and 
transport.  It facilitates the easy flow of ideas, commodities and people from one 
country to other country. 
ii) Inter-Connectedness: Nowadays the happenings in one part of the World are 
not limited to that part only but affects the people of to their countries. Inter-
Connectedness enhances globalisation. 
(Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
2x2=4 
 
OR 
 
 
4 
 
22 B i) Globalisation results in erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of 
government to do what they do.  
ii) The old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that 
performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and 
the security of its citizens.  
iii) It is the market that becomes prime determinant of economic and social 
priorities.  
iv)The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the 
world lead to a reduction in the capacity of governments to take decisions on 
their own. 
 (Or  Any other relevant point/s) 
 
23 i) In March 1977 elections, for the first time, Congress lost elections with winning 
154 seats only. 
ii) Janata Party and its allies won 330 seats out of 542 seats. 
iii) Congress lost from all the States of Bihar, U.P., Haryana, Delhi and Madhya 
Pradesh. 
iv) Janata Party was formed The Government. 
v)  Opposition party realized the use of not to divide the votes to enjoy the 
power. 
(Any four or Any other relevant point/s)        
                   
      4 
 SECTION-D (3x4=12MARKS) 
 
 
24 I)  B) Earth summit 
II)  A) The First World and the Third World countries 
III)  D) Earth 
IV)  B) Europe and North America 
Following questions are for the visually Challenged candidates in lieu of 
question number 24 
I) Global North reflects rich and developed countries of the First World and the 
Global South reflects the poor and under developed countries of the Third 
World. 
II) India and China. 
III) Antarctic  
IV) Outer space. 
1+1+1
+1=4 
25  
Sr. Number for the 
Information used 
Concerned 
alphabet given 
in the map 
Name of the State 
I C Bihar 
II D Rajasthan 
III A Haryana 
IV B Madras(Tamil Nadu 
 
Note: Following questions are for the Visually Challenged Candidates in 
lieu of question number 25. 
1+1+1
+1=4 
5 
 
Name the following: 
 
I) Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) 
II) Grand Alliance 
III) S.Nijalingappa 
IV) N.Sanjeeva Reddy 
 
26  I)  C) USA and China 
II)  C) India and China 
III) China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan is a major irritant for India 
because it is causing problems in the normalisation of diplomatic relations 
between the two countries.  
                     
1+1+2
=4 
 SECTION-E(4X6=24MARKS) 
 
 
27 A Following steps should be taken to strengthen the UNO: - 
a) To increase the permanent and non-permanent member in the UN Security 
Council so that it can represent contemporary world politics effective and better 
way. 
b) UN’s budgetary procedure and its administration should be strengthened. 
c) Limiting the role of UN to development and humanitarian work. 
India should be given a permanent membership in the UN Security 
Council due to following reasons: 
i) Greater role of UN in maintaining world peace and security. 
ii) India is the most populous country which constitutes l/5th of the population of 
the world. 
iii) India is also the world’s largest democracy. 
iv) India actively participated in UN’s programmes and played a material role in 
keeping and managing peace and cooperation. 
v) The regular financial aid to UN and evolution of its economy also support 
India’s desire to be the permanent member.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
6 
 
OR 
 
27 B The United Nations was established in 1945 after the end of Second World War 
as a successor to the League of Nations. The United Nations Charter was 
signed by 51 states for setting up of UN. The basic aim was to achieve what 
League of Nations was not able to achieve during the first World Wars. The 
other objectives of UN are:  
1. Prevention of conflicts and facilitating cooperation among nations. 
2. To stop conflicts among states resulting into war and if it takes the shape 
of war, to limit the effects of war. 
3. To reduce the reasons for conflict by bringing the countries together for 
improving social and economic- development all over the world. 
UN Structures and Agencies 
UN includes many different structures for dealing with different issues. The 
issue relating to war and peace, and differences between member states are