Class 12 Sociology: CBSE Sample Question Papers (2025-26) | CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Humanities - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


1 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
SOCIOLOGY (039) 
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 
Class XII-2025-26 
 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                 Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:  
1. The question paper is divided into four sections. 
2. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. 
3. Section A includes question No. 1-16. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, 
there can be one answer. 
4. Section B includes question No.17-25. These are very short answer type questions carrying 
2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words. 
5. Section C includes question No. 26-32. They are short answer type questions carrying             
4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words. 
6. Section D includes question No. 33-35. They are long answer type questions carrying              
6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each. 
7. Question no. 33 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics.  
S No. 
 
SECTION-A Marks 
1.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Urban norms and standards are becoming well known even in the 
remote villages, creating new desires and aspirations for consumption.  
Reason (R):  Mass media and communication channels are now bringing images 
of urban life styles and patterns of consumption into the rural areas. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Some scholars have also argued that there is no coherent basis 
for treating tribes as “pristine”. 
Reason (R):  They propose instead that tribes should really be seen as 
“secondary” phenomena arising out of the non-exploitative and colonialist 
contact between pre-existing states and non-state groups like the tribals. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
Page 2


1 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
SOCIOLOGY (039) 
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 
Class XII-2025-26 
 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                 Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:  
1. The question paper is divided into four sections. 
2. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. 
3. Section A includes question No. 1-16. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, 
there can be one answer. 
4. Section B includes question No.17-25. These are very short answer type questions carrying 
2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words. 
5. Section C includes question No. 26-32. They are short answer type questions carrying             
4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words. 
6. Section D includes question No. 33-35. They are long answer type questions carrying              
6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each. 
7. Question no. 33 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics.  
S No. 
 
SECTION-A Marks 
1.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Urban norms and standards are becoming well known even in the 
remote villages, creating new desires and aspirations for consumption.  
Reason (R):  Mass media and communication channels are now bringing images 
of urban life styles and patterns of consumption into the rural areas. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Some scholars have also argued that there is no coherent basis 
for treating tribes as “pristine”. 
Reason (R):  They propose instead that tribes should really be seen as 
“secondary” phenomena arising out of the non-exploitative and colonialist 
contact between pre-existing states and non-state groups like the tribals. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
3.  Kerala’s TFR is below the replacement level. This can mean- 
I. Low population growth rate. 
II. Increase in population in the age group of 0-15. 
III. Decreased dependency ratio. 
IV. Ageing of population. 
Choose the correct option: 
a) I. and II. 
b) II. and III. 
c) III. and IV. 
d) I. and IV. 
 
1 
 
4.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(R):  Almost all companies, even government ones, now practice 
some form of outsourcing and contracting. 
Reason(R): Work conditions under the practice of outsourcing are very healthy 
and non-exploitative. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
5.  Which of the following is incorrect for Varna? 
a) Varna is a regional classification. 
b) There are four Varnas. 
c) Varna literally means colour. 
d) Panchamas is not a part of the Varna. 
 
1 
 
6.  Formation of linguistic states worked in the interest of India because- 
a) the then Prime Minister was convinced that language will unite the country. 
b) it allowed India to escape the identity-based conflicts and civil wars  
c) it created self-sufficient isolated provincial units. 
d) it did not transform the political and institutional life of the nation. 
 
1 
 
7.  Cultural diversity can present tough challenges because- 
a) cultural identities are not powerful. 
b) there are different ways to celebrate festivals 
c) cultural differences are not able to mobilise large number of people. 
d) steps taken to help one group may anger other communities 
 
1 
 
8.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A): As a student, Kumudtai, was never inclined towards the study of 
Sanskrit. 
Reason(R): Kumudtai believed that studying Sanskrit will enable her to read the 
original texts about women and Dalits. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
Page 3


1 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
SOCIOLOGY (039) 
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 
Class XII-2025-26 
 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                 Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:  
1. The question paper is divided into four sections. 
2. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. 
3. Section A includes question No. 1-16. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, 
there can be one answer. 
4. Section B includes question No.17-25. These are very short answer type questions carrying 
2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words. 
5. Section C includes question No. 26-32. They are short answer type questions carrying             
4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words. 
6. Section D includes question No. 33-35. They are long answer type questions carrying              
6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each. 
7. Question no. 33 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics.  
S No. 
 
SECTION-A Marks 
1.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Urban norms and standards are becoming well known even in the 
remote villages, creating new desires and aspirations for consumption.  
Reason (R):  Mass media and communication channels are now bringing images 
of urban life styles and patterns of consumption into the rural areas. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Some scholars have also argued that there is no coherent basis 
for treating tribes as “pristine”. 
Reason (R):  They propose instead that tribes should really be seen as 
“secondary” phenomena arising out of the non-exploitative and colonialist 
contact between pre-existing states and non-state groups like the tribals. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
3.  Kerala’s TFR is below the replacement level. This can mean- 
I. Low population growth rate. 
II. Increase in population in the age group of 0-15. 
III. Decreased dependency ratio. 
IV. Ageing of population. 
Choose the correct option: 
a) I. and II. 
b) II. and III. 
c) III. and IV. 
d) I. and IV. 
 
1 
 
4.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(R):  Almost all companies, even government ones, now practice 
some form of outsourcing and contracting. 
Reason(R): Work conditions under the practice of outsourcing are very healthy 
and non-exploitative. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
5.  Which of the following is incorrect for Varna? 
a) Varna is a regional classification. 
b) There are four Varnas. 
c) Varna literally means colour. 
d) Panchamas is not a part of the Varna. 
 
1 
 
6.  Formation of linguistic states worked in the interest of India because- 
a) the then Prime Minister was convinced that language will unite the country. 
b) it allowed India to escape the identity-based conflicts and civil wars  
c) it created self-sufficient isolated provincial units. 
d) it did not transform the political and institutional life of the nation. 
 
1 
 
7.  Cultural diversity can present tough challenges because- 
a) cultural identities are not powerful. 
b) there are different ways to celebrate festivals 
c) cultural differences are not able to mobilise large number of people. 
d) steps taken to help one group may anger other communities 
 
1 
 
8.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A): As a student, Kumudtai, was never inclined towards the study of 
Sanskrit. 
Reason(R): Kumudtai believed that studying Sanskrit will enable her to read the 
original texts about women and Dalits. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
3 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
9.     Legislation alone is unable to transform society or produce lasting social change 
because- 
a) the current legislations have completely solved the problem of social 
exclusion and discrimination. 
b) legislations have never been able to solve the problem of social exclusion and 
discrimination. 
c) despite legislations, new forms of discrimination and social exclusion emerge 
and a constant a social campaign to bring awareness is required. 
d) State alone can solve the problem of social exclusion.   
  
1 
 
10.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A): Since the 1990s, the government has followed a policy of 
liberalisation. 
Reason(R): Licenses are no longer required to open industries.  
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
Read the passage given below 
 
From the very beginning, the discipline of sociology has been interested in social movements. 
The French Revolution was the violent culmination of several movements aimed at overthrowing 
the monarchy and establishing ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’. In Britain, the industrial revolution 
was marked by great social upheaval.  
Based on the given passage answer Q11 and 12. 
 
11.  Why are Social Movements an important subject matter for Sociology? 
a) Social movements were initially not considered significant areas of study, 
and public protests were often excluded from their scope. 
b) Social movements did not bring lasting changes in society. 
c) Social movements are never directed against the State. 
d) Social movements were seen as forces that led to disorder which was an 
important subject matter for Sociology. 
 
1 
 
12.  Which of the following is not true for the type of social movements? 
a) There are three types of social movements. 
b) Most social movements have a mix of all the three types. 
c) The Bolshevik Revolution is a redemptive social movement. 
d) The Ezhava movement is an example of a Redemptive Social Movement. 
 
1 
 
Read the passage given below 
 
The Constitution of India recognises the possibility that there may be groups other than the 
Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes who suffer from social disadvantages. These groups – 
which need not be based on caste alone, but generally are identified by caste – were described 
as the ‘socially and educationally backward classes’. This is the constitutional basis of the popular 
term ‘Other Backward Classes’ (OBCs), which is in common use today. 
Based on the given passage, answer Q13 and 14. 
 
 
Page 4


1 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
SOCIOLOGY (039) 
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 
Class XII-2025-26 
 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                 Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:  
1. The question paper is divided into four sections. 
2. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. 
3. Section A includes question No. 1-16. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, 
there can be one answer. 
4. Section B includes question No.17-25. These are very short answer type questions carrying 
2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words. 
5. Section C includes question No. 26-32. They are short answer type questions carrying             
4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words. 
6. Section D includes question No. 33-35. They are long answer type questions carrying              
6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each. 
7. Question no. 33 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics.  
S No. 
 
SECTION-A Marks 
1.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Urban norms and standards are becoming well known even in the 
remote villages, creating new desires and aspirations for consumption.  
Reason (R):  Mass media and communication channels are now bringing images 
of urban life styles and patterns of consumption into the rural areas. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Some scholars have also argued that there is no coherent basis 
for treating tribes as “pristine”. 
Reason (R):  They propose instead that tribes should really be seen as 
“secondary” phenomena arising out of the non-exploitative and colonialist 
contact between pre-existing states and non-state groups like the tribals. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
3.  Kerala’s TFR is below the replacement level. This can mean- 
I. Low population growth rate. 
II. Increase in population in the age group of 0-15. 
III. Decreased dependency ratio. 
IV. Ageing of population. 
Choose the correct option: 
a) I. and II. 
b) II. and III. 
c) III. and IV. 
d) I. and IV. 
 
1 
 
4.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(R):  Almost all companies, even government ones, now practice 
some form of outsourcing and contracting. 
Reason(R): Work conditions under the practice of outsourcing are very healthy 
and non-exploitative. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
5.  Which of the following is incorrect for Varna? 
a) Varna is a regional classification. 
b) There are four Varnas. 
c) Varna literally means colour. 
d) Panchamas is not a part of the Varna. 
 
1 
 
6.  Formation of linguistic states worked in the interest of India because- 
a) the then Prime Minister was convinced that language will unite the country. 
b) it allowed India to escape the identity-based conflicts and civil wars  
c) it created self-sufficient isolated provincial units. 
d) it did not transform the political and institutional life of the nation. 
 
1 
 
7.  Cultural diversity can present tough challenges because- 
a) cultural identities are not powerful. 
b) there are different ways to celebrate festivals 
c) cultural differences are not able to mobilise large number of people. 
d) steps taken to help one group may anger other communities 
 
1 
 
8.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A): As a student, Kumudtai, was never inclined towards the study of 
Sanskrit. 
Reason(R): Kumudtai believed that studying Sanskrit will enable her to read the 
original texts about women and Dalits. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
3 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
9.     Legislation alone is unable to transform society or produce lasting social change 
because- 
a) the current legislations have completely solved the problem of social 
exclusion and discrimination. 
b) legislations have never been able to solve the problem of social exclusion and 
discrimination. 
c) despite legislations, new forms of discrimination and social exclusion emerge 
and a constant a social campaign to bring awareness is required. 
d) State alone can solve the problem of social exclusion.   
  
1 
 
10.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A): Since the 1990s, the government has followed a policy of 
liberalisation. 
Reason(R): Licenses are no longer required to open industries.  
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
Read the passage given below 
 
From the very beginning, the discipline of sociology has been interested in social movements. 
The French Revolution was the violent culmination of several movements aimed at overthrowing 
the monarchy and establishing ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’. In Britain, the industrial revolution 
was marked by great social upheaval.  
Based on the given passage answer Q11 and 12. 
 
11.  Why are Social Movements an important subject matter for Sociology? 
a) Social movements were initially not considered significant areas of study, 
and public protests were often excluded from their scope. 
b) Social movements did not bring lasting changes in society. 
c) Social movements are never directed against the State. 
d) Social movements were seen as forces that led to disorder which was an 
important subject matter for Sociology. 
 
1 
 
12.  Which of the following is not true for the type of social movements? 
a) There are three types of social movements. 
b) Most social movements have a mix of all the three types. 
c) The Bolshevik Revolution is a redemptive social movement. 
d) The Ezhava movement is an example of a Redemptive Social Movement. 
 
1 
 
Read the passage given below 
 
The Constitution of India recognises the possibility that there may be groups other than the 
Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes who suffer from social disadvantages. These groups – 
which need not be based on caste alone, but generally are identified by caste – were described 
as the ‘socially and educationally backward classes’. This is the constitutional basis of the popular 
term ‘Other Backward Classes’ (OBCs), which is in common use today. 
Based on the given passage, answer Q13 and 14. 
 
 
4 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
13.  Which of the following is not true about OBCs? 
a) They are neither part of the ‘forward’ castes at the upper end of the status 
spectrum, nor of the Dalits at the lower end. 
b) Upper OBCs are largely landed castes and enjoy dominance in rural society 
in many regions of India. 
c) OBCs are confined to Hinduism only. 
d) OBCs are a much more diverse group than the Dalits. 
 
1 
 
14.  Put the following statements in the correct order. 
I. The OBC issue returned to the central level. 
II. The Backward Classes Commission headed by Kaka Kalelkar submitted its 
report. 
III. Central government decided to implement the ten-year old Mandal 
Commission report. 
IV. The OBC issue became a major one in national politics. 
 
Identify the correct order. 
a) I., II., III., IV. 
b) IV., I., III., II. 
c) II., I., III., IV. 
d) III., IV., II., I. 
 
1 
 
15.  Colonialism introduced many structural changes such as the formation of nation-
states. 
Which of the following is true for nation-states? 
a) Nation states are closely associated with the rise of nationalism. 
b) Nation state pertains to a particular type of state, characteristic of the primitive 
world. 
c) People in nation-states do not exercise sovereign power. 
d) Nation-states are not associated with democratic ideas. 
 
1 
 
16.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A):  In the areas where tribal populations are concentrated, their 
economic and social conditions are usually much worse than those of non-
tribals. 
Reason(R):  The impoverished and exploited circumstances under which 
adivasis live can be traced historically to the pattern of accelerated resource 
extraction started by the colonial British government which was discontinued by 
the government of independent India. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
 SECTION-B  
17.  “The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce 
subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the 
human race. The vices of mankind are active and able ministers of 
depopulation.” 
Formulate, why Malthusian theory of population is a pessimistic one? 
2 
 
Page 5


1 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
SOCIOLOGY (039) 
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 
Class XII-2025-26 
 
Time: 3 hours                                                                                 Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:  
1. The question paper is divided into four sections. 
2. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. 
3. Section A includes question No. 1-16. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, 
there can be one answer. 
4. Section B includes question No.17-25. These are very short answer type questions carrying 
2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words. 
5. Section C includes question No. 26-32. They are short answer type questions carrying             
4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words. 
6. Section D includes question No. 33-35. They are long answer type questions carrying              
6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each. 
7. Question no. 33 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics.  
S No. 
 
SECTION-A Marks 
1.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Urban norms and standards are becoming well known even in the 
remote villages, creating new desires and aspirations for consumption.  
Reason (R):  Mass media and communication channels are now bringing images 
of urban life styles and patterns of consumption into the rural areas. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
 
Assertion (A):  Some scholars have also argued that there is no coherent basis 
for treating tribes as “pristine”. 
Reason (R):  They propose instead that tribes should really be seen as 
“secondary” phenomena arising out of the non-exploitative and colonialist 
contact between pre-existing states and non-state groups like the tribals. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
2 
Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
3.  Kerala’s TFR is below the replacement level. This can mean- 
I. Low population growth rate. 
II. Increase in population in the age group of 0-15. 
III. Decreased dependency ratio. 
IV. Ageing of population. 
Choose the correct option: 
a) I. and II. 
b) II. and III. 
c) III. and IV. 
d) I. and IV. 
 
1 
 
4.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(R):  Almost all companies, even government ones, now practice 
some form of outsourcing and contracting. 
Reason(R): Work conditions under the practice of outsourcing are very healthy 
and non-exploitative. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
1 
 
5.  Which of the following is incorrect for Varna? 
a) Varna is a regional classification. 
b) There are four Varnas. 
c) Varna literally means colour. 
d) Panchamas is not a part of the Varna. 
 
1 
 
6.  Formation of linguistic states worked in the interest of India because- 
a) the then Prime Minister was convinced that language will unite the country. 
b) it allowed India to escape the identity-based conflicts and civil wars  
c) it created self-sufficient isolated provincial units. 
d) it did not transform the political and institutional life of the nation. 
 
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7.  Cultural diversity can present tough challenges because- 
a) cultural identities are not powerful. 
b) there are different ways to celebrate festivals 
c) cultural differences are not able to mobilise large number of people. 
d) steps taken to help one group may anger other communities 
 
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8.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A): As a student, Kumudtai, was never inclined towards the study of 
Sanskrit. 
Reason(R): Kumudtai believed that studying Sanskrit will enable her to read the 
original texts about women and Dalits. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
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Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
9.     Legislation alone is unable to transform society or produce lasting social change 
because- 
a) the current legislations have completely solved the problem of social 
exclusion and discrimination. 
b) legislations have never been able to solve the problem of social exclusion and 
discrimination. 
c) despite legislations, new forms of discrimination and social exclusion emerge 
and a constant a social campaign to bring awareness is required. 
d) State alone can solve the problem of social exclusion.   
  
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10.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A): Since the 1990s, the government has followed a policy of 
liberalisation. 
Reason(R): Licenses are no longer required to open industries.  
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
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Read the passage given below 
 
From the very beginning, the discipline of sociology has been interested in social movements. 
The French Revolution was the violent culmination of several movements aimed at overthrowing 
the monarchy and establishing ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’. In Britain, the industrial revolution 
was marked by great social upheaval.  
Based on the given passage answer Q11 and 12. 
 
11.  Why are Social Movements an important subject matter for Sociology? 
a) Social movements were initially not considered significant areas of study, 
and public protests were often excluded from their scope. 
b) Social movements did not bring lasting changes in society. 
c) Social movements are never directed against the State. 
d) Social movements were seen as forces that led to disorder which was an 
important subject matter for Sociology. 
 
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12.  Which of the following is not true for the type of social movements? 
a) There are three types of social movements. 
b) Most social movements have a mix of all the three types. 
c) The Bolshevik Revolution is a redemptive social movement. 
d) The Ezhava movement is an example of a Redemptive Social Movement. 
 
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Read the passage given below 
 
The Constitution of India recognises the possibility that there may be groups other than the 
Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes who suffer from social disadvantages. These groups – 
which need not be based on caste alone, but generally are identified by caste – were described 
as the ‘socially and educationally backward classes’. This is the constitutional basis of the popular 
term ‘Other Backward Classes’ (OBCs), which is in common use today. 
Based on the given passage, answer Q13 and 14. 
 
 
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Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
13.  Which of the following is not true about OBCs? 
a) They are neither part of the ‘forward’ castes at the upper end of the status 
spectrum, nor of the Dalits at the lower end. 
b) Upper OBCs are largely landed castes and enjoy dominance in rural society 
in many regions of India. 
c) OBCs are confined to Hinduism only. 
d) OBCs are a much more diverse group than the Dalits. 
 
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14.  Put the following statements in the correct order. 
I. The OBC issue returned to the central level. 
II. The Backward Classes Commission headed by Kaka Kalelkar submitted its 
report. 
III. Central government decided to implement the ten-year old Mandal 
Commission report. 
IV. The OBC issue became a major one in national politics. 
 
Identify the correct order. 
a) I., II., III., IV. 
b) IV., I., III., II. 
c) II., I., III., IV. 
d) III., IV., II., I. 
 
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15.  Colonialism introduced many structural changes such as the formation of nation-
states. 
Which of the following is true for nation-states? 
a) Nation states are closely associated with the rise of nationalism. 
b) Nation state pertains to a particular type of state, characteristic of the primitive 
world. 
c) People in nation-states do not exercise sovereign power. 
d) Nation-states are not associated with democratic ideas. 
 
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16.  In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement 
of Reason(R). Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below as 
the correct answer:  
Assertion(A):  In the areas where tribal populations are concentrated, their 
economic and social conditions are usually much worse than those of non-
tribals. 
Reason(R):  The impoverished and exploited circumstances under which 
adivasis live can be traced historically to the pattern of accelerated resource 
extraction started by the colonial British government which was discontinued by 
the government of independent India. 
 
a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.  
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.  
c) A is true but R is false.  
d) A is false and R is true. 
 
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 SECTION-B  
17.  “The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce 
subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the 
human race. The vices of mankind are active and able ministers of 
depopulation.” 
Formulate, why Malthusian theory of population is a pessimistic one? 
2 
 
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Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 
18.  ‘Disabled-unfriendly’ Courts  
Describing the non-consideration of handicapped persons for the post of Judge 
as an “exclusive” policy of the higher judiciary, a senior jurist says by continuing 
to ignore the handicapped, the judiciary is violating a statutory mandate. “The 
High Court building itself is far from disabled-friendly.”  
The Hindu Wednesday 2 August 2006. 
“The disabled are rendered disabled not because they are biologically disabled 
but because society renders them so.” Do you agree with this statement? Give 
reasons. 
2 
 
 OR 
 
 
 “It is often assumed that social reform for women’s rights was entirely fought for 
by male reformers and that ideas of women’s equality are alien imports.” Is this 
assumption true? Give reasons for your answer. 
 
2 
19.  “Some traditional occupations in the rural society have declined. But increasing 
interconnection of the rural and urban economies have led to diverse 
occupations.” Is this statement valid? Give reasons for your answer. 
 
2 
 
20.  Provide two reasons to support the claim that India has successfully established 
itself as a democratic nation-state. 
 
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21.  “Social stratification is supported by patterns of belief, or ideology.” State in your 
own words the meaning of this statement. 
 
2 
 
22.  Who are minorities in the sociological sense? 
 
2 
 
 OR 
 
 
 What is the dominant trend that marks Indian nationalism? 
 
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23.  “Often we discuss social exclusion and discrimination as though they pertain to 
differential economic resources alone.”  
How would you prove this statement false? 
 
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24.  “The more mechanised an industry gets, the fewer people are employed, but 
they too have to work at the pace of the machine.” 
What would happen if workers began to work at the pace of the machine? 
 
2 
 
25.  “How a social movement is perceived and classified is always a matter of 
interpretation. It differs from one section to another.” 
Illustrate with an example. 
 
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 SECTION-C 
 
 
26.  “The large-scale circulation of labour has had several significant effects on rural 
society, in both the receiving and the supplying regions.” 
State two effects each for the receiving and supplying region. 
 
4 
 
27.  “Indian independence in 1947 marked a big, but ultimately only partial break with 
the colonial past”. Justify the statement. 
 
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