Class 12 Psychology: CBSE Marking Scheme (2025-26) | CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Humanities - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


 
PSYCHOLOGY (037) 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-2026) 
Marking Scheme 
 
Time – 3 Hours                                                                                                     Max Marks – 70  
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are mandatory unless specified otherwise. 
? Section A (Q1-14): Each question carries 1 mark. Answer as directed. 
? Section B (Q15-19): Very Short Answer Type-I questions, 2 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 30 words. 
? Section C (Q20-23): Short Answer Type-II questions, 3 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 60 words. 
? Section D (Q24-27): Long Answer Type-I questions, 4 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 120 words. 
? Section E (Q28-29): Long Answer Type-II questions, 6 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 200 words. 
? Section F (Q30-33): Case-based questions. One-mark questions: Word limit for each 
question is 20 words; Two-mark questions: Word limit for each question is 30 words. 
? There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. 
A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.  
 
S. No SECTION A 
Chapter Marks 
Q1 Answer: c. It ensures all candidates are assessed using the structured interview. 2 1 
Q2 Answer: b. By fostering social connection and positive reinforcement.  2 1 
Q3 Answer: a. Convergent thinking 1 1 
Q4 Ans: b. Finding a personal sense of meaning or purpose, even in difficult 
situations 
5 1 
Q5 Ans. c. Differential reinforcement 5 1 
Q6 Ans: d. A therapist carefully listens to the client’s experiences and expresses 
understanding of the client’s emotions, allowing the client to feel heard and 
valued. 
5 1 
Q7 Answer: d. Not only maintenance and survival but also growth and fulfilment 4 1 
Q8 Answer: a. Compulsive behaviour 4 1 
Page 2


 
PSYCHOLOGY (037) 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-2026) 
Marking Scheme 
 
Time – 3 Hours                                                                                                     Max Marks – 70  
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are mandatory unless specified otherwise. 
? Section A (Q1-14): Each question carries 1 mark. Answer as directed. 
? Section B (Q15-19): Very Short Answer Type-I questions, 2 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 30 words. 
? Section C (Q20-23): Short Answer Type-II questions, 3 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 60 words. 
? Section D (Q24-27): Long Answer Type-I questions, 4 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 120 words. 
? Section E (Q28-29): Long Answer Type-II questions, 6 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 200 words. 
? Section F (Q30-33): Case-based questions. One-mark questions: Word limit for each 
question is 20 words; Two-mark questions: Word limit for each question is 30 words. 
? There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. 
A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.  
 
S. No SECTION A 
Chapter Marks 
Q1 Answer: c. It ensures all candidates are assessed using the structured interview. 2 1 
Q2 Answer: b. By fostering social connection and positive reinforcement.  2 1 
Q3 Answer: a. Convergent thinking 1 1 
Q4 Ans: b. Finding a personal sense of meaning or purpose, even in difficult 
situations 
5 1 
Q5 Ans. c. Differential reinforcement 5 1 
Q6 Ans: d. A therapist carefully listens to the client’s experiences and expresses 
understanding of the client’s emotions, allowing the client to feel heard and 
valued. 
5 1 
Q7 Answer: d. Not only maintenance and survival but also growth and fulfilment 4 1 
Q8 Answer: a. Compulsive behaviour 4 1 
 
Q9 Answer: d. A is false but R is true 4 1 
Q10 Answer: c. A is true but R is false 7 1 
Q11 Answer b. Cohesiveness 7 1 
Q12 Answer: b. Enhance his security 7 1 
Q13 Answer: b. i and iii 6 1 
Q14 Answer: c. They are warm, emotional, and face-to-face 7 1 
 SECTION B   
Q 15 Answer: 
Life Events: They include changes, both big and small, sudden and gradual that 
affect our life from the moment we are born. Examples: moving into a new house, 
break-up of a long-term relationship) etc. 
  
Hassles: These are the personal stresses we endure as individuals, due to the 
happenings in our daily life, such as noisy surroundings, commuting, quarrelsome 
neighbours, electricity and water shortage, traffic snarls, and so on.  
3 2 
Q16 Answer:  
The features of projective techniques are as follows: (any two) 
? The stimuli are relatively or fully unstructured and poorly defined. 
? The person being assessed is usually not told the purpose of assessment and 
the method of scoring and interpretation. 
? The person is informed that there are no correct or incorrect responses. 
? Each response is considered to reveal a significant aspect of personality. 
? Scoring and interpretation are lengthy and sometimes subjective. 
2 2 
Q17 Answer: Yes 
Reasons: 
? It classifies individuals into personality types and simplifies human 
behaviour into fixed categories. This is not possible as people do not fit 
into such simple categorisation. 
? Ignores the complexity and variability amongst people.  
2 2 
Q18 Answer:  
 -The non-verbal tests use pictures or illustrations as test items. Here the subject 
examines an incomplete pattern and chooses the correct figure from the alternative 
to complete the figure. Raven’s Progressive Matrices is an example of a non-verbal 
test.  
1 2 
Page 3


 
PSYCHOLOGY (037) 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-2026) 
Marking Scheme 
 
Time – 3 Hours                                                                                                     Max Marks – 70  
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are mandatory unless specified otherwise. 
? Section A (Q1-14): Each question carries 1 mark. Answer as directed. 
? Section B (Q15-19): Very Short Answer Type-I questions, 2 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 30 words. 
? Section C (Q20-23): Short Answer Type-II questions, 3 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 60 words. 
? Section D (Q24-27): Long Answer Type-I questions, 4 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 120 words. 
? Section E (Q28-29): Long Answer Type-II questions, 6 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 200 words. 
? Section F (Q30-33): Case-based questions. One-mark questions: Word limit for each 
question is 20 words; Two-mark questions: Word limit for each question is 30 words. 
? There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. 
A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.  
 
S. No SECTION A 
Chapter Marks 
Q1 Answer: c. It ensures all candidates are assessed using the structured interview. 2 1 
Q2 Answer: b. By fostering social connection and positive reinforcement.  2 1 
Q3 Answer: a. Convergent thinking 1 1 
Q4 Ans: b. Finding a personal sense of meaning or purpose, even in difficult 
situations 
5 1 
Q5 Ans. c. Differential reinforcement 5 1 
Q6 Ans: d. A therapist carefully listens to the client’s experiences and expresses 
understanding of the client’s emotions, allowing the client to feel heard and 
valued. 
5 1 
Q7 Answer: d. Not only maintenance and survival but also growth and fulfilment 4 1 
Q8 Answer: a. Compulsive behaviour 4 1 
 
Q9 Answer: d. A is false but R is true 4 1 
Q10 Answer: c. A is true but R is false 7 1 
Q11 Answer b. Cohesiveness 7 1 
Q12 Answer: b. Enhance his security 7 1 
Q13 Answer: b. i and iii 6 1 
Q14 Answer: c. They are warm, emotional, and face-to-face 7 1 
 SECTION B   
Q 15 Answer: 
Life Events: They include changes, both big and small, sudden and gradual that 
affect our life from the moment we are born. Examples: moving into a new house, 
break-up of a long-term relationship) etc. 
  
Hassles: These are the personal stresses we endure as individuals, due to the 
happenings in our daily life, such as noisy surroundings, commuting, quarrelsome 
neighbours, electricity and water shortage, traffic snarls, and so on.  
3 2 
Q16 Answer:  
The features of projective techniques are as follows: (any two) 
? The stimuli are relatively or fully unstructured and poorly defined. 
? The person being assessed is usually not told the purpose of assessment and 
the method of scoring and interpretation. 
? The person is informed that there are no correct or incorrect responses. 
? Each response is considered to reveal a significant aspect of personality. 
? Scoring and interpretation are lengthy and sometimes subjective. 
2 2 
Q17 Answer: Yes 
Reasons: 
? It classifies individuals into personality types and simplifies human 
behaviour into fixed categories. This is not possible as people do not fit 
into such simple categorisation. 
? Ignores the complexity and variability amongst people.  
2 2 
Q18 Answer:  
 -The non-verbal tests use pictures or illustrations as test items. Here the subject 
examines an incomplete pattern and chooses the correct figure from the alternative 
to complete the figure. Raven’s Progressive Matrices is an example of a non-verbal 
test.  
1 2 
 
-Performance tests require subjects to manipulate objects and other materials to 
perform a task. Eg Koh’s Block Design Test.  
Q19 A) Answer:  
Social loafing can be reduced by the following (any two) 
•    Making the efforts of each person identifiable. 
•   Increasing the pressure to work hard (making group members committed to 
successful task performance).  
•     Increasing the apparent importance or value of a task.  
•     Making people feel that their individual contribution is important.  
•      Strengthening group cohesiveness which increases the motivation for successful 
group outcome. 
7 2 
 OR   
Q19 B) Answer : (any two of the following) 
•     In the company of like-minded people, you are likely to hear newer arguments 
favouring your viewpoints. This will make you more favourable towards capital 
punishment.  
•      When you find others also favouring capital punishment, you feel that this view 
is validated by the public. This is a sort of bandwagon effect.  
•     When you find people having similar views, you are likely to perceive them as 
an ingroup. You start identifying with the group, begin showing conformity, 
and as a consequence your views become strengthened. 
7 2 
Q20  Answer: 
Target characteristics:(any three) 
1. Persuasibility- People, who have a more open and flexible personality,  
2. Self-esteem-Persons who have a low self-esteem, and do not have sufficient 
confidence in themselves, 
3. Prejudices- People with strong prejudices are less prone to any attitude change 
than those who do not hold strong prejudices. 
4. Intelligence-More intelligent people may change their attitudes less easily than 
those with lower intelligence.  
6 3 
Q21 Answer: 
? Improving the level of functioning or quality of life. 
? Helping patients become self-sufficient.  
? Empowering the patient to become a productive member of society to the 
extent possible. 
5 3 
Q22 
Answer:  
Rational Emotive Therapy by Albert Ellis:  
The first step in RET is the antecedent belief-consequence (ABC) analysis. The 
client is also interviewed to find the irrational beliefs, which are distorting the 
5 3 
Page 4


 
PSYCHOLOGY (037) 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-2026) 
Marking Scheme 
 
Time – 3 Hours                                                                                                     Max Marks – 70  
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are mandatory unless specified otherwise. 
? Section A (Q1-14): Each question carries 1 mark. Answer as directed. 
? Section B (Q15-19): Very Short Answer Type-I questions, 2 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 30 words. 
? Section C (Q20-23): Short Answer Type-II questions, 3 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 60 words. 
? Section D (Q24-27): Long Answer Type-I questions, 4 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 120 words. 
? Section E (Q28-29): Long Answer Type-II questions, 6 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 200 words. 
? Section F (Q30-33): Case-based questions. One-mark questions: Word limit for each 
question is 20 words; Two-mark questions: Word limit for each question is 30 words. 
? There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. 
A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.  
 
S. No SECTION A 
Chapter Marks 
Q1 Answer: c. It ensures all candidates are assessed using the structured interview. 2 1 
Q2 Answer: b. By fostering social connection and positive reinforcement.  2 1 
Q3 Answer: a. Convergent thinking 1 1 
Q4 Ans: b. Finding a personal sense of meaning or purpose, even in difficult 
situations 
5 1 
Q5 Ans. c. Differential reinforcement 5 1 
Q6 Ans: d. A therapist carefully listens to the client’s experiences and expresses 
understanding of the client’s emotions, allowing the client to feel heard and 
valued. 
5 1 
Q7 Answer: d. Not only maintenance and survival but also growth and fulfilment 4 1 
Q8 Answer: a. Compulsive behaviour 4 1 
 
Q9 Answer: d. A is false but R is true 4 1 
Q10 Answer: c. A is true but R is false 7 1 
Q11 Answer b. Cohesiveness 7 1 
Q12 Answer: b. Enhance his security 7 1 
Q13 Answer: b. i and iii 6 1 
Q14 Answer: c. They are warm, emotional, and face-to-face 7 1 
 SECTION B   
Q 15 Answer: 
Life Events: They include changes, both big and small, sudden and gradual that 
affect our life from the moment we are born. Examples: moving into a new house, 
break-up of a long-term relationship) etc. 
  
Hassles: These are the personal stresses we endure as individuals, due to the 
happenings in our daily life, such as noisy surroundings, commuting, quarrelsome 
neighbours, electricity and water shortage, traffic snarls, and so on.  
3 2 
Q16 Answer:  
The features of projective techniques are as follows: (any two) 
? The stimuli are relatively or fully unstructured and poorly defined. 
? The person being assessed is usually not told the purpose of assessment and 
the method of scoring and interpretation. 
? The person is informed that there are no correct or incorrect responses. 
? Each response is considered to reveal a significant aspect of personality. 
? Scoring and interpretation are lengthy and sometimes subjective. 
2 2 
Q17 Answer: Yes 
Reasons: 
? It classifies individuals into personality types and simplifies human 
behaviour into fixed categories. This is not possible as people do not fit 
into such simple categorisation. 
? Ignores the complexity and variability amongst people.  
2 2 
Q18 Answer:  
 -The non-verbal tests use pictures or illustrations as test items. Here the subject 
examines an incomplete pattern and chooses the correct figure from the alternative 
to complete the figure. Raven’s Progressive Matrices is an example of a non-verbal 
test.  
1 2 
 
-Performance tests require subjects to manipulate objects and other materials to 
perform a task. Eg Koh’s Block Design Test.  
Q19 A) Answer:  
Social loafing can be reduced by the following (any two) 
•    Making the efforts of each person identifiable. 
•   Increasing the pressure to work hard (making group members committed to 
successful task performance).  
•     Increasing the apparent importance or value of a task.  
•     Making people feel that their individual contribution is important.  
•      Strengthening group cohesiveness which increases the motivation for successful 
group outcome. 
7 2 
 OR   
Q19 B) Answer : (any two of the following) 
•     In the company of like-minded people, you are likely to hear newer arguments 
favouring your viewpoints. This will make you more favourable towards capital 
punishment.  
•      When you find others also favouring capital punishment, you feel that this view 
is validated by the public. This is a sort of bandwagon effect.  
•     When you find people having similar views, you are likely to perceive them as 
an ingroup. You start identifying with the group, begin showing conformity, 
and as a consequence your views become strengthened. 
7 2 
Q20  Answer: 
Target characteristics:(any three) 
1. Persuasibility- People, who have a more open and flexible personality,  
2. Self-esteem-Persons who have a low self-esteem, and do not have sufficient 
confidence in themselves, 
3. Prejudices- People with strong prejudices are less prone to any attitude change 
than those who do not hold strong prejudices. 
4. Intelligence-More intelligent people may change their attitudes less easily than 
those with lower intelligence.  
6 3 
Q21 Answer: 
? Improving the level of functioning or quality of life. 
? Helping patients become self-sufficient.  
? Empowering the patient to become a productive member of society to the 
extent possible. 
5 3 
Q22 
Answer:  
Rational Emotive Therapy by Albert Ellis:  
The first step in RET is the antecedent belief-consequence (ABC) analysis. The 
client is also interviewed to find the irrational beliefs, which are distorting the 
5 3 
 
present reality. This distorted perception of the antecedent event due to the irrational 
belief leads to the consequence. 
 In the process of RET, the irrational beliefs are refuted by the therapist through a 
process of non-directive questioning. The questions make the client think deeper 
into her/his assumptions about life and problems. 
Gradually the client is able to change the irrational beliefs by making a change in 
her/his philosophy about life. The rational belief system replaces the irrational belief 
system and there is a reduction in psychological distress. 
(1+1+1= 3) 
Q23 A) Answer: Levels of Consciousness 
? Conscious - which includes thoughts, feelings and actions of which people are 
aware 
?  Preconscious, which includes mental activity of which people may become 
aware only if they attend to it closely.  
? Unconscious, which includes mental activity that people are unaware of. 
(1+1+1= 3)  
2 3 
 OR   
Q23 B) Answer: Any three points: 
? The behaviourists believe in data, which they feel are definable, observable, 
and measurable.  
? The behaviourists focus on learning of stimulus-response connections and 
their reinforcement.  
? For most behaviourists, the structural unit of personality is the response. Each 
response is a behaviour, which is emitted to satisfy a specific need.  This is 
accomplished through responses (behaviours) that are reinforced. 
(1+1+1= 3)  
2 3 
Q24 Answer:  
Sources- 
? Learning 
? Strong social identity and in group bias 
? Kernel of truth concept  
Self-fulfilling prophecy 
 
A brief description of all four using Himesh’s behaviour 
(1+1+1+1= 4)  
6 4 
Q25 Answer: 
1. Frustration results from the blocking of needs and motives by something or 
someone that hinders us from achieving a desired goal. In this case her parents 
are not allowing her to study abroad. 
2. Conflicts may occur between two or more incompatible needs or motives. 
3 4 
Page 5


 
PSYCHOLOGY (037) 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-2026) 
Marking Scheme 
 
Time – 3 Hours                                                                                                     Max Marks – 70  
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are mandatory unless specified otherwise. 
? Section A (Q1-14): Each question carries 1 mark. Answer as directed. 
? Section B (Q15-19): Very Short Answer Type-I questions, 2 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 30 words. 
? Section C (Q20-23): Short Answer Type-II questions, 3 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 60 words. 
? Section D (Q24-27): Long Answer Type-I questions, 4 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 120 words. 
? Section E (Q28-29): Long Answer Type-II questions, 6 marks each. Word limit for each 
question is 200 words. 
? Section F (Q30-33): Case-based questions. One-mark questions: Word limit for each 
question is 20 words; Two-mark questions: Word limit for each question is 30 words. 
? There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. 
A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.  
 
S. No SECTION A 
Chapter Marks 
Q1 Answer: c. It ensures all candidates are assessed using the structured interview. 2 1 
Q2 Answer: b. By fostering social connection and positive reinforcement.  2 1 
Q3 Answer: a. Convergent thinking 1 1 
Q4 Ans: b. Finding a personal sense of meaning or purpose, even in difficult 
situations 
5 1 
Q5 Ans. c. Differential reinforcement 5 1 
Q6 Ans: d. A therapist carefully listens to the client’s experiences and expresses 
understanding of the client’s emotions, allowing the client to feel heard and 
valued. 
5 1 
Q7 Answer: d. Not only maintenance and survival but also growth and fulfilment 4 1 
Q8 Answer: a. Compulsive behaviour 4 1 
 
Q9 Answer: d. A is false but R is true 4 1 
Q10 Answer: c. A is true but R is false 7 1 
Q11 Answer b. Cohesiveness 7 1 
Q12 Answer: b. Enhance his security 7 1 
Q13 Answer: b. i and iii 6 1 
Q14 Answer: c. They are warm, emotional, and face-to-face 7 1 
 SECTION B   
Q 15 Answer: 
Life Events: They include changes, both big and small, sudden and gradual that 
affect our life from the moment we are born. Examples: moving into a new house, 
break-up of a long-term relationship) etc. 
  
Hassles: These are the personal stresses we endure as individuals, due to the 
happenings in our daily life, such as noisy surroundings, commuting, quarrelsome 
neighbours, electricity and water shortage, traffic snarls, and so on.  
3 2 
Q16 Answer:  
The features of projective techniques are as follows: (any two) 
? The stimuli are relatively or fully unstructured and poorly defined. 
? The person being assessed is usually not told the purpose of assessment and 
the method of scoring and interpretation. 
? The person is informed that there are no correct or incorrect responses. 
? Each response is considered to reveal a significant aspect of personality. 
? Scoring and interpretation are lengthy and sometimes subjective. 
2 2 
Q17 Answer: Yes 
Reasons: 
? It classifies individuals into personality types and simplifies human 
behaviour into fixed categories. This is not possible as people do not fit 
into such simple categorisation. 
? Ignores the complexity and variability amongst people.  
2 2 
Q18 Answer:  
 -The non-verbal tests use pictures or illustrations as test items. Here the subject 
examines an incomplete pattern and chooses the correct figure from the alternative 
to complete the figure. Raven’s Progressive Matrices is an example of a non-verbal 
test.  
1 2 
 
-Performance tests require subjects to manipulate objects and other materials to 
perform a task. Eg Koh’s Block Design Test.  
Q19 A) Answer:  
Social loafing can be reduced by the following (any two) 
•    Making the efforts of each person identifiable. 
•   Increasing the pressure to work hard (making group members committed to 
successful task performance).  
•     Increasing the apparent importance or value of a task.  
•     Making people feel that their individual contribution is important.  
•      Strengthening group cohesiveness which increases the motivation for successful 
group outcome. 
7 2 
 OR   
Q19 B) Answer : (any two of the following) 
•     In the company of like-minded people, you are likely to hear newer arguments 
favouring your viewpoints. This will make you more favourable towards capital 
punishment.  
•      When you find others also favouring capital punishment, you feel that this view 
is validated by the public. This is a sort of bandwagon effect.  
•     When you find people having similar views, you are likely to perceive them as 
an ingroup. You start identifying with the group, begin showing conformity, 
and as a consequence your views become strengthened. 
7 2 
Q20  Answer: 
Target characteristics:(any three) 
1. Persuasibility- People, who have a more open and flexible personality,  
2. Self-esteem-Persons who have a low self-esteem, and do not have sufficient 
confidence in themselves, 
3. Prejudices- People with strong prejudices are less prone to any attitude change 
than those who do not hold strong prejudices. 
4. Intelligence-More intelligent people may change their attitudes less easily than 
those with lower intelligence.  
6 3 
Q21 Answer: 
? Improving the level of functioning or quality of life. 
? Helping patients become self-sufficient.  
? Empowering the patient to become a productive member of society to the 
extent possible. 
5 3 
Q22 
Answer:  
Rational Emotive Therapy by Albert Ellis:  
The first step in RET is the antecedent belief-consequence (ABC) analysis. The 
client is also interviewed to find the irrational beliefs, which are distorting the 
5 3 
 
present reality. This distorted perception of the antecedent event due to the irrational 
belief leads to the consequence. 
 In the process of RET, the irrational beliefs are refuted by the therapist through a 
process of non-directive questioning. The questions make the client think deeper 
into her/his assumptions about life and problems. 
Gradually the client is able to change the irrational beliefs by making a change in 
her/his philosophy about life. The rational belief system replaces the irrational belief 
system and there is a reduction in psychological distress. 
(1+1+1= 3) 
Q23 A) Answer: Levels of Consciousness 
? Conscious - which includes thoughts, feelings and actions of which people are 
aware 
?  Preconscious, which includes mental activity of which people may become 
aware only if they attend to it closely.  
? Unconscious, which includes mental activity that people are unaware of. 
(1+1+1= 3)  
2 3 
 OR   
Q23 B) Answer: Any three points: 
? The behaviourists believe in data, which they feel are definable, observable, 
and measurable.  
? The behaviourists focus on learning of stimulus-response connections and 
their reinforcement.  
? For most behaviourists, the structural unit of personality is the response. Each 
response is a behaviour, which is emitted to satisfy a specific need.  This is 
accomplished through responses (behaviours) that are reinforced. 
(1+1+1= 3)  
2 3 
Q24 Answer:  
Sources- 
? Learning 
? Strong social identity and in group bias 
? Kernel of truth concept  
Self-fulfilling prophecy 
 
A brief description of all four using Himesh’s behaviour 
(1+1+1+1= 4)  
6 4 
Q25 Answer: 
1. Frustration results from the blocking of needs and motives by something or 
someone that hinders us from achieving a desired goal. In this case her parents 
are not allowing her to study abroad. 
2. Conflicts may occur between two or more incompatible needs or motives. 
3 4 
 
3. Internal pressures stem from beliefs based upon expectations from inside us 
to ourselves such as, ‘I must do everything perfectly’. Such expectations can 
only lead to disappointment.  
4. Social pressures may be brought about from people who make excessive 
demands on us.  
(1+1+1+1= 4) 
Q26 A) Answer:  
According to the Humanistic theory, especially Carl Rogers' concept of the self, 
Razia's dissatisfaction might stem from a gap between her "real self" and her "ideal 
self." The theory suggests that when individuals' self-perceptions do not align with 
their true potential or inner desires, they experience incongruence, leading to 
feelings of frustration or discontent.  
Lack of self-actualisation-inability to satisfy her potential to the fullest 
Razia may feel that her current job doesn't fulfil her true aspirations or allow her to 
grow personally. As when social conditions are positive, self-concept and self-
esteem are high. In contrast when social conditions are negative, self-concept and 
self-esteem are low 
(2+2= 4) 
2 4 
 OR   
Q26 B) Answer: 
? Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) 
    It initially assessed two dimensions of personality, called introverted-
extraverted and emotionally stable-emotionally unstable. These dimensions are 
characterised by 32 personality traits. Later on, Eysenck added a third 
dimension, called psychoticism 
? Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire 
     (16 PF) This test was developed by Cattell. On the basis of his studies, he 
identified a large set of personality descriptors, which were subjected to factor 
analysis to identify the basic personality structure. It has been found extremely 
useful in career guidance, vocational exploration, and occupational testing. 
(2+2=4) 
2 4 
Q27 Answer:   
In India, integral intelligence is valued which gives emphasis on connectivity with 
the social and world environment. Integral intelligence views intelligence 
holistically where equal attention is paid to cognitive and non-cognitive processes 
as well as their integration. The Indian concept of ‘Buddhi’ has both affective and 
motivational and cognitive components. 
It includes cognitive capacity, social, emotional and entrepreneurial competence.  
Technological intelligence is more valued in Western societies like America and 
Europe. Child rearing practices that foster skills of generalisation and abstraction, 
speed, minimal moves and mental manipulation among children. Persons here are 
1 4