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FAQs on OOP with C++ by E. Balaguruswamy : Working with Files - Chap 11 - Back-End Programming

1. What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and how does it relate to C?
Ans. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that focuses on using objects, which are instances of classes, to design and develop software systems. It promotes the concept of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism to achieve modular and reusable code. Although C is not an object-oriented programming language, it can be used to implement some OOP principles by using structs and function pointers.
2. How can I work with files in C programming?
Ans. To work with files in C programming, you can use the standard library functions provided by the C language. These functions include fopen() for opening a file, fclose() for closing a file, fprintf() and fscanf() for formatted input/output operations, fseek() for positioning within a file, and fread() and fwrite() for binary input/output operations. By using these functions, you can read from and write to files, perform file operations such as renaming and deleting, and handle errors during file operations.
3. What are the different file modes in C programming?
Ans. In C programming, the file modes determine the type of operations that can be performed on a file. The commonly used file modes are: - "r" for reading an existing file. - "w" for writing to a file. If the file does not exist, it will be created. If it already exists, its contents will be truncated. - "a" for appending to a file. If the file does not exist, it will be created. - "rb", "wb", and "ab" for binary file modes, which are used for reading, writing, and appending binary data to a file, respectively. - "r+" for reading and writing to an existing file. - "w+" for reading and writing, creating a file if it does not exist or truncating it if it exists. - "a+" for reading and appending to a file, creating a file if it does not exist.
4. How can I read and write data from/to a file in C?
Ans. To read data from a file in C, you can use the fscanf() function. It allows you to read formatted data from a file, similar to scanf() for reading from the standard input. The fscanf() function takes the file pointer, format specifier, and the address of variables where the read data will be stored. To write data to a file in C, you can use the fprintf() function. It allows you to write formatted data to a file, similar to printf() for writing to the standard output. The fprintf() function takes the file pointer, format specifier, and the values to be written.
5. How can I handle errors while working with files in C?
Ans. While working with files in C, it is important to handle errors to ensure proper execution of file operations. You can use the perror() function to display an error message corresponding to the error code set by the operating system. Additionally, you can check the return values of file-related functions to detect errors. For example, functions like fopen() and fprintf() return NULL if an error occurs, indicating that the file operation was not successful. You can check the return value and take appropriate actions, such as displaying an error message or closing the file properly.
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