Infographics: Nationalism in India - Class 10 PDF Download

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India's Path to Independence: Key Timeline
1
1915: Gandhi's Return
Mahatma Gandhi returns from 
South Africa, bringing revolutionary 
ideas of Satyagraha - truth and 
non-violence as weapons against 
oppression.
2
1917-1918: Early Experiments
Gandhi tests his methods in 
Champaran (indigo farmers), 
Kheda (revenue remission), and 
Ahmedabad (mill workers' strike).
3
1919: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
General Dyer orders firing on 
peaceful protesters. Hundreds 
killed, shocking the nation and 
Gandhi into realizing the true 
nature of British rule.
4
1920: Non-Cooperation Launch
United Hindu-Muslim movement 
begins. Boycott of British 
institutions, foreign goods, and 
titles. Cloth imports drop from ¹102 
to ¹57 crores.
5
1922: Chauri Chaura Incident
Violence breaks out during protest. 
Gandhi withdraws Non-
Cooperation Movement, believing 
violence contradicts Satyagraha 
principles.
6
1928: Simon Commission Protests
All-white commission sparks 
nationwide protests. "Go Back 
Simon!" becomes rallying cry. Lala 
Lajpat Rai dies from injuries 
sustained during protests.
7
1929: Purna Swaraj Declaration
Lahore Congress under Jawaharlal 
Nehru declares complete 
independence as goal. January 26 
becomes Independence Day (later 
Republic Day).
8
1930: Historic Salt March
Gandhi's 240-mile march from 
Sabarmati to Dandi breaks salt law, 
sparking Civil Disobedience 
Movement nationwide.
9
1932: Poona Pact
Gandhi and Ambedkar reach 
agreement on Dalit representation - 
reserved seats with joint 
electorates instead of separate 
electorates.
10
1942: Quit India Movement
Gandhi's final call: "Do or Die!" 
Mass participation by students, 
workers, peasants, and women 
despite harsh British repression.
Gandhi's Satyagraha Philosophy
Truth (Satya)
Standing firm on moral 
principles and fighting 
injustice through 
peaceful means, 
believing truth will 
ultimately prevail.
Non-Violence (Ahimsa)
Rejecting physical force 
while maintaining moral 
strength to appeal to the 
oppressor's conscience.
Self-Sacrifice
Willingness to suffer for 
the cause, showing 
commitment through 
personal hardship and 
imprisonment.
Symbols of Unity
Bharat Mata: Mother India symbol from Bankim's "Vande Mataram"
Tricolour Flag: Evolved from 1905 design to 1921 version with charkha
Folk Stories: Tagore and others collected tales to build national pride
History Revival: Rediscovering ancient Indian achievements
Khadi & Charkha: Hand-spun cloth became symbol of self-reliance and resistance to 
British textiles
Hindu symbols sometimes created divisions with Muslim and other communities, 
showing challenges of inclusive nationalism.
Key Turning Points
1
Simon Commission 
(1928)
All-white commission 
sparked "Go Back Simon" 
protests. Lala Lajpat Rai 
died from police beating.
2
Lahore Congress (1929)
Jawaharlal Nehru 
declared Purna Swaraj 
(complete independence) 
as goal.
3
Salt March (1930)
Gandhi's symbolic 240-
mile walk made salt tax 
the focus of civil 
disobedience.
"We shall either free India or die in the attempt; we shall not live to see the perpetuation 
of our slavery."
4 Mahatma Gandhi, Quit India Speech, 1942