Infographics: Sectors of the Indian Economy | Social Studies (SST) Class 10 PDF Download

 Page 1


Understanding Economic Activity Sectors
All activities that give an income in return are called economic activities.These activities 
can be classified into different sectors based on the nature of their work.
The Major Sectors 
Primary Sector
Goods produced by 
exploiting natural 
resources
Agriculture and related 
activities
Cotton cultivation, farming
Direct use of natural 
resources
Secondary Sector
Transformation of one 
good into another
Manufacturing industries
Sugarcane into sugar
Processing raw materials
Tertiary Sector
Services supporting 
primary and secondary 
sectors
Also known as service 
sector
Doctors, teachers, lawyers
Transportation, banking
Sector Interdependence
These three sectors are highly interdependent on one another. Consider this example: 
farmers buy tractors and fertilizers (secondary sector) to produce crops (primary sector), 
then need transport services (tertiary sector) to sell their produce.
Measuring Economic Output
We measure sectors by the value of final goods and services produced rather than 
counting individual items. The sum of all three sectors gives us the Gross Domestic Product 
(GDP) of a country. The tertiary sector has emerged as the largest because it supports the 
development of primary and secondary sectors.
1
Primary Sector Production
Raw materials and natural resources
2
Secondary Sector Manufacturing
Processing and transformation
3
Tertiary Sector Services
Supporting services and final delivery
4
GDP Calculation
Total value of all sectors combined
Organization Types
Organised Sector
Regular employment terms
Government registered
Follow rules and regulations
Job security provided
Unorganised Sector
Small and scattered units
Outside government control
Rules not properly implemented
Employment is not secure
Ownership Categories
Public Sector
Owned, controlled, and managed by 
government. Guided by social welfare 
motive rather than profit.
Private Sector
Owned by private individuals. Activities 
guided by profit motive. Examples: TISCO, 
Reliance Industries.
Employment Concepts
Employment
Activity from which a 
person earns means of 
living - income in cash or 
kind
Unemployment
When people who can 
work and are willing to 
work fail to secure work
Underemployment
Workers get less work time 
than they can handle - 
unemployed for some 
months or hours
Creating More Employment
From 1973 to 2000, GDP increased significantly but employment didn't grow proportionally. 
The government can create more jobs by:
Better Infrastructure
Building roads, dams, canals, and other essential infrastructure
Enhanced Services
Providing banks, transport, and communication services
Processing Industries
Setting up industries that process agricultural products like potatoes, rice, wheat
Semi-Rural Industries
Locating industries in semi-rural areas to provide local employment
NREGA 2005 - Employment Guarantee
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act-2005 implements "Right 
to Work" across all districts in India. Under this act, all those who can work and need work 
are guaranteed 100 days of employment per year by the government.