PPT: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | Physics Class 12 - NEET PDF Download

 Page 1


Ray Optics 
and Optical 
Instruments
Page 2


Ray Optics 
and Optical 
Instruments
What is a Mirror?
A mirror is a smooth and highly polished surface 
designed to reflect light in a way that preserves the 
physical characteristics of the original light.
 This can be attributed to the law of reflection.
Page 3


Ray Optics 
and Optical 
Instruments
What is a Mirror?
A mirror is a smooth and highly polished surface 
designed to reflect light in a way that preserves the 
physical characteristics of the original light.
 This can be attributed to the law of reflection.
Laws of Reflection
1
Equal Angles
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
2
Same Plane
Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in same 
plane
Page 4


Ray Optics 
and Optical 
Instruments
What is a Mirror?
A mirror is a smooth and highly polished surface 
designed to reflect light in a way that preserves the 
physical characteristics of the original light.
 This can be attributed to the law of reflection.
Laws of Reflection
1
Equal Angles
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
2
Same Plane
Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in same 
plane
Cartesian Sign Convention
Distance Measurement
Same direction as incident light: positive
Opposite direction: negative
Height Measurement
Upward from x-axis: positive
Downward: negative
Page 5


Ray Optics 
and Optical 
Instruments
What is a Mirror?
A mirror is a smooth and highly polished surface 
designed to reflect light in a way that preserves the 
physical characteristics of the original light.
 This can be attributed to the law of reflection.
Laws of Reflection
1
Equal Angles
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
2
Same Plane
Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in same 
plane
Cartesian Sign Convention
Distance Measurement
Same direction as incident light: positive
Opposite direction: negative
Height Measurement
Upward from x-axis: positive
Downward: negative
Types of mirrors
Flat/Plane mirrors
Plane mirrors have a flat, smooth surface and produce an upright, virtual image 
that is the same size as the object being reflected.
Concave mirrors
These mirrors have a surface that curves inward like inside of a spoon. 
They can form both real and virtual images, depending on the distance of 
the object from the mirror and the curvature of the mirror. 
Concave mirrors are used in telescopes, headlights, and makeup mirrors.
Convex mirrors
These mirrors have a surface that curves outward, like the back of a 
spoon. 
They produce a virtual image that is smaller than the object being 
reflected, and the image appears farther away than it actually is.
Convex mirrors are used in car side mirrors and security mirrors.