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Page 1 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page Page 2 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 2/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page In this chapter you will learn about: § Basic operations performed by all types of computer systems § Basic organization of a computer system § Input unit and its functions § Output unit and its functions § Storage unit and its functions § Types of storage used in a computer system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Continued on next slide) 15 Page 3 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 2/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page In this chapter you will learn about: § Basic operations performed by all types of computer systems § Basic organization of a computer system § Input unit and its functions § Output unit and its functions § Storage unit and its functions § Types of storage used in a computer system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Continued on next slide) 15 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 3/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page § Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) § Control Unit (CU) § Central Processing Unit (CPU) § Computer as a system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Continued from previous slide..) 15 Page 4 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 2/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page In this chapter you will learn about: § Basic operations performed by all types of computer systems § Basic organization of a computer system § Input unit and its functions § Output unit and its functions § Storage unit and its functions § Types of storage used in a computer system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Continued on next slide) 15 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 3/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page § Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) § Control Unit (CU) § Central Processing Unit (CPU) § Computer as a system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Continued from previous slide..) 15 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 4/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page § Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system § Storing. Saving data and instructions to make them readily available for initial or additional processing whenever required § Processing. Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations (comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data to convert them into useful information The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System (Continued on next slide) 15 Page 5 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 2/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page In this chapter you will learn about: § Basic operations performed by all types of computer systems § Basic organization of a computer system § Input unit and its functions § Output unit and its functions § Storage unit and its functions § Types of storage used in a computer system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Continued on next slide) 15 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 3/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page § Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) § Control Unit (CU) § Central Processing Unit (CPU) § Computer as a system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Continued from previous slide..) 15 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 4/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page § Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system § Storing. Saving data and instructions to make them readily available for initial or additional processing whenever required § Processing. Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations (comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data to convert them into useful information The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System (Continued on next slide) 15 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 5/16 Chapter 2: Basic Computer Organization Ref. Page § Outputting. The process of producing useful information or results for the user such as a printed report or visual display § Controlling. Directing the manner and sequence in which all of the above operations are performed The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System 15Read More
FAQs on Basic Computer Organization (Computer Fundamentals) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
| 1. What is computer organization and why is it important? |  |
Ans. Computer organization refers to the way a computer's hardware and software components are arranged and interconnected to perform tasks efficiently. It involves the design and structure of computer systems, including the organization of memory, input/output devices, and the central processing unit (CPU). Understanding computer organization is crucial as it helps in optimizing system performance, improving resource utilization, and ensuring compatibility between different hardware and software components.
| 2. What are the main components of a computer system and how do they interact with each other? | |
Ans. The main components of a computer system include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input devices, output devices, and storage devices.
- The CPU is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.
- Memory stores data and instructions that are currently being used by the CPU.
- Input devices, such as keyboards and mice, allow users to input data and instructions into the computer.
- Output devices, such as monitors and printers, display or produce the results of computations.
- Storage devices, such as hard drives and solid-state drives, store data and program files for long-term use.
These components interact with each other through various buses and communication channels, enabling the flow of data and instructions between them.
| 3. What is the role of the operating system in computer organization? | |
Ans. The operating system plays a crucial role in computer organization. It acts as an interface between the hardware and software components of a computer system. Some of its key roles include:
- Managing system resources: The operating system manages the allocation and utilization of hardware resources such as CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It ensures fair distribution of resources among different programs and processes.
- Providing a user interface: The operating system provides a user-friendly interface that allows users to interact with the computer system. This can be in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface.
- Managing file systems: The operating system handles the organization and management of files and directories on storage devices. It provides functionalities like file creation, deletion, and access control.
- Handling device drivers: The operating system manages device drivers, which are software components that enable communication between the operating system and hardware devices. It ensures proper functioning of hardware devices by loading and managing the appropriate device drivers.
| 4. What are the different types of memory in computer organization? | |
Ans. In computer organization, there are mainly two types of memory:
- Primary Memory: Also known as main memory or RAM (Random Access Memory), primary memory is used to store data and instructions that are currently being processed by the CPU. It provides fast access to data but is volatile, meaning its contents are lost when the power is turned off.
- Secondary Memory: Secondary memory is used for long-term storage of data and program files. It includes devices like hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and optical discs. Unlike primary memory, secondary memory is non-volatile, meaning its contents are retained even when the power is turned off.
| 5. What is the von Neumann architecture and how does it relate to computer organization? | |
Ans. The von Neumann architecture is a fundamental concept in computer organization. It is named after John von Neumann, who proposed the concept in the 1940s. This architecture describes the organization of a computer system with the following key components:
- Memory: A single memory unit that stores both instructions and data.
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a control unit. The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations, while the control unit coordinates the execution of instructions.
- Input/Output (I/O): Devices for inputting data and instructions into the computer system and outputting results.
- Bus: A communication pathway that allows data and instructions to be transferred between the memory, CPU, and I/O devices.
The von Neumann architecture revolutionized computer design by introducing the concept of stored-program computers, where both instructions and data are stored in the same memory. This architecture forms the basis for most modern computer systems.
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