Plant Tissue Culture :Historical Perspective | Plant Biotechnology - Botany PDF Download

 Page 1


Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
         
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “Natio n al Mission on 
Education through IC T” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Lesson Developer: Kuldeep Sharma, Dr. Siva Prasad Konwar Chetri, 
Monika Heikrujam, Prof. Veena Agrawal 
Department/College: Department of Botany, University of Delhi,  
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr. Vinay Kumar Baranwal 
Department of Plant Molecular Biology 
University of Delhi, South Campus 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
Page 2


Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
         
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “Natio n al Mission on 
Education through IC T” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Lesson Developer: Kuldeep Sharma, Dr. Siva Prasad Konwar Chetri, 
Monika Heikrujam, Prof. Veena Agrawal 
Department/College: Department of Botany, University of Delhi,  
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr. Vinay Kumar Baranwal 
Department of Plant Molecular Biology 
University of Delhi, South Campus 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Learning outcomes 
The students shall learn about the following: 
? The important discoveries that led to development of modern techniques in tissue 
culture. 
? The scientists who played important role in development of tissue culture methods. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 3


Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
         
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “Natio n al Mission on 
Education through IC T” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Lesson Developer: Kuldeep Sharma, Dr. Siva Prasad Konwar Chetri, 
Monika Heikrujam, Prof. Veena Agrawal 
Department/College: Department of Botany, University of Delhi,  
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr. Vinay Kumar Baranwal 
Department of Plant Molecular Biology 
University of Delhi, South Campus 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Learning outcomes 
The students shall learn about the following: 
? The important discoveries that led to development of modern techniques in tissue 
culture. 
? The scientists who played important role in development of tissue culture methods. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
? Introduction 
? Historical Developments 
? Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seeds 
? In vitro regeneration of haploids and triploids 
? In vitro pollination and fertilization 
? In vitro production of somatic hybrids  
? Somaclonal variations  
? In vitro production of secondary metabolites and metabolic 
engineering 
? Genetic engineering: Production of transgenic crops  
? Summary  
? Exercise 
? Glossary 
? References 
? Web Links 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 4


Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
         
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “Natio n al Mission on 
Education through IC T” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Lesson Developer: Kuldeep Sharma, Dr. Siva Prasad Konwar Chetri, 
Monika Heikrujam, Prof. Veena Agrawal 
Department/College: Department of Botany, University of Delhi,  
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr. Vinay Kumar Baranwal 
Department of Plant Molecular Biology 
University of Delhi, South Campus 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Learning outcomes 
The students shall learn about the following: 
? The important discoveries that led to development of modern techniques in tissue 
culture. 
? The scientists who played important role in development of tissue culture methods. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
? Introduction 
? Historical Developments 
? Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seeds 
? In vitro regeneration of haploids and triploids 
? In vitro pollination and fertilization 
? In vitro production of somatic hybrids  
? Somaclonal variations  
? In vitro production of secondary metabolites and metabolic 
engineering 
? Genetic engineering: Production of transgenic crops  
? Summary  
? Exercise 
? Glossary 
? References 
? Web Links 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Introduction 
Plant tissue culture is a collective term to grow plant cells, protoplasts, meristems (axillary 
or apical), anther, ovary, embryo, tissues, organs, etc or even any plant part axenically 
under defined chemical compositions and physical conditions in vitro.  
 
Figure: The cyclic process of plant tissue culture from an explant for regeneration of 
complete plantlets.  
Source: ILLL inhouse 
The concept of plant tissue culture was addressed by a German botanist Gottieleb 
Haberlandt in 1902 in his classical paper presented before the Vienna Academy of Sciences 
in Berlin. However, the concept of totipotency was put forward by Schleiden (1838) and 
Schwann (1839) in their famous cell theory and the term was probably introduced by T. H. 
Morgan in 1901. 
 Now, it is feasible to regenerate a complete plant by culturing a single cell, a tissue or an 
organ regardless of their source and ploidy level in vitro. 
 
Page 5


Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
         
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “Natio n al Mission on 
Education through IC T” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Lesson Developer: Kuldeep Sharma, Dr. Siva Prasad Konwar Chetri, 
Monika Heikrujam, Prof. Veena Agrawal 
Department/College: Department of Botany, University of Delhi,  
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr. Vinay Kumar Baranwal 
Department of Plant Molecular Biology 
University of Delhi, South Campus 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Learning outcomes 
The students shall learn about the following: 
? The important discoveries that led to development of modern techniques in tissue 
culture. 
? The scientists who played important role in development of tissue culture methods. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Table of Contents       
 
Chapter: Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
? Introduction 
? Historical Developments 
? Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seeds 
? In vitro regeneration of haploids and triploids 
? In vitro pollination and fertilization 
? In vitro production of somatic hybrids  
? Somaclonal variations  
? In vitro production of secondary metabolites and metabolic 
engineering 
? Genetic engineering: Production of transgenic crops  
? Summary  
? Exercise 
? Glossary 
? References 
? Web Links 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
Introduction 
Plant tissue culture is a collective term to grow plant cells, protoplasts, meristems (axillary 
or apical), anther, ovary, embryo, tissues, organs, etc or even any plant part axenically 
under defined chemical compositions and physical conditions in vitro.  
 
Figure: The cyclic process of plant tissue culture from an explant for regeneration of 
complete plantlets.  
Source: ILLL inhouse 
The concept of plant tissue culture was addressed by a German botanist Gottieleb 
Haberlandt in 1902 in his classical paper presented before the Vienna Academy of Sciences 
in Berlin. However, the concept of totipotency was put forward by Schleiden (1838) and 
Schwann (1839) in their famous cell theory and the term was probably introduced by T. H. 
Morgan in 1901. 
 Now, it is feasible to regenerate a complete plant by culturing a single cell, a tissue or an 
organ regardless of their source and ploidy level in vitro. 
 
Plant Tissue Culture: Historical Perspectives 
 
 
Figure: Depiction of the various approaches for in vitro regeneration of a complete plant, 
viz. embryo culture, organ culture, callus culture and cell culture.  
Source: ILLL inhouse 
Nonetheless, the plant tissue culture has seen enormous progress over the century leading 
to many revolutionary studies around the world and further giving the required momentum 
for commercial production of micro propagated plants, somatic embryo and synthetic seed 
production, in vitro production of somatic hybrids, in vitro production of haploids, triploids, 
in vitro pollination and fertilization, selection of somaclonal variants and mutants, in vitro 
production of secondary metabolites and most significantly the incorporation of the desired 
gene in the plant genome. Tissue culture serves as an indispensable tool for transgenic 
plant production in genetic engineering and metabolic engineering. For nearly any 
transformation system an efficient regeneration protocol is imperative.