Lecture 7 - Tissue Culture Applications-Part-I | Plant Biotechnology - Botany PDF Download

 Page 1


Tissue Culture applications – Part I 
 
 
                                                                                                              
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National  
Mission on Education Through ICT” 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Bioinformatics 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Reviewer: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 Department/College:  
Language Editor: Vinee Khanna 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
Page 2


Tissue Culture applications – Part I 
 
 
                                                                                                              
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National  
Mission on Education Through ICT” 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Bioinformatics 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Reviewer: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 Department/College:  
Language Editor: Vinee Khanna 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
2 
Learning Outcomes 
The chapter is aimed at enabling the readers to learn: 
? The basic principle behind tissue culture techniques of micropropagation, endosperm 
culture and virus elimination. 
? Major discoveries that led to the development of these techniques.  
? Different methods and applications of these techniques. 
? The importance of tissue culture in context of both, scientific research and commercial 
applications. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 3


Tissue Culture applications – Part I 
 
 
                                                                                                              
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National  
Mission on Education Through ICT” 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Bioinformatics 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Reviewer: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 Department/College:  
Language Editor: Vinee Khanna 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
2 
Learning Outcomes 
The chapter is aimed at enabling the readers to learn: 
? The basic principle behind tissue culture techniques of micropropagation, endosperm 
culture and virus elimination. 
? Major discoveries that led to the development of these techniques.  
? Different methods and applications of these techniques. 
? The importance of tissue culture in context of both, scientific research and commercial 
applications. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
3 
 
Table of Contents  
 
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part I 
 
? Introduction   
? Micropropagation 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
? Virus Elimination 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
 
? Endosperm Culture 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
Page 4


Tissue Culture applications – Part I 
 
 
                                                                                                              
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National  
Mission on Education Through ICT” 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Bioinformatics 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Reviewer: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 Department/College:  
Language Editor: Vinee Khanna 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
2 
Learning Outcomes 
The chapter is aimed at enabling the readers to learn: 
? The basic principle behind tissue culture techniques of micropropagation, endosperm 
culture and virus elimination. 
? Major discoveries that led to the development of these techniques.  
? Different methods and applications of these techniques. 
? The importance of tissue culture in context of both, scientific research and commercial 
applications. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
3 
 
Table of Contents  
 
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part I 
 
? Introduction   
? Micropropagation 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
? Virus Elimination 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
 
? Endosperm Culture 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
4 
 
 
Introduction 
 
As you would be well aware, there is much talk today about „Genetically Modified? crops or 
transgenic crops which are genetically transformed to express desirable traits. This was a 
remarkable feat in the field of biology. Do you know how many years of basic scientific and 
technological research it took to achieve this possibility of plant transformation? It took 
about 88 years.  See the Table ahead to get a glimpse of the major discoveries that led to 
it. 
This feat was possible due to active research in three different areas, conducted in the early 
twentieth century: 
? Tissue culture of plants, 
? Plant regeneration from single somatic cells,  
? Study of crown gall disease. 
 
In this Chapter, we shall focus on the applications of first of the above mentioned research 
areas i.e. „Plant Tissue Culture?. It is defined as a system in which cells satisfy two main 
requirements – (1) remain undifferentiated (2) capable of infinite growth (White, 1939a). 
We would mainly discuss how the different techniques of plant tissue culture have found 
applications in different spheres of Plant Biology. 
 
Page 5


Tissue Culture applications – Part I 
 
 
                                                                                                              
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National  
Mission on Education Through ICT” 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Bioinformatics 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Reviewer: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 Department/College:  
Language Editor: Vinee Khanna 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University 
of Delhi South Campus 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
2 
Learning Outcomes 
The chapter is aimed at enabling the readers to learn: 
? The basic principle behind tissue culture techniques of micropropagation, endosperm 
culture and virus elimination. 
? Major discoveries that led to the development of these techniques.  
? Different methods and applications of these techniques. 
? The importance of tissue culture in context of both, scientific research and commercial 
applications. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
3 
 
Table of Contents  
 
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part I 
 
? Introduction   
? Micropropagation 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
? Virus Elimination 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
 
? Endosperm Culture 
? Principle 
? Discovery 
? Methodology 
? Applications 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
4 
 
 
Introduction 
 
As you would be well aware, there is much talk today about „Genetically Modified? crops or 
transgenic crops which are genetically transformed to express desirable traits. This was a 
remarkable feat in the field of biology. Do you know how many years of basic scientific and 
technological research it took to achieve this possibility of plant transformation? It took 
about 88 years.  See the Table ahead to get a glimpse of the major discoveries that led to 
it. 
This feat was possible due to active research in three different areas, conducted in the early 
twentieth century: 
? Tissue culture of plants, 
? Plant regeneration from single somatic cells,  
? Study of crown gall disease. 
 
In this Chapter, we shall focus on the applications of first of the above mentioned research 
areas i.e. „Plant Tissue Culture?. It is defined as a system in which cells satisfy two main 
requirements – (1) remain undifferentiated (2) capable of infinite growth (White, 1939a). 
We would mainly discuss how the different techniques of plant tissue culture have found 
applications in different spheres of Plant Biology. 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
5 
Figure: Various applications of plant tissue culture. 
Developed by: Author 
 
Figure: Chronological achievements in Plant Biotechnology. 
Source:  Sussex, Ian M. "The scientific roots of modern plant biotechnology." The Plant Cell 
Online 20.5 (2008): 1189-1198.