Lecture 8 - Tissue Culture Applications-Part-II | Plant Biotechnology - Botany PDF Download

 Page 1


           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
1 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
                                                                                              
 
 
 
 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
 
Page 2


           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
1 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
                                                                                              
 
 
 
 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
2 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
Learning Outcomes 
 
After reading the lesson the reader should be able to understand the  
• Importance of haploid and hybrid plants. 
• Mechanism of development of a complete plant from a microspore. 
• Androgenesis, gynogenesis, somatic hybridization, protoplast fusion and embryo rescue. 
• Basic steps involved in in vitro production of haploids and hybrids. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 3


           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
1 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
                                                                                              
 
 
 
 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
2 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
Learning Outcomes 
 
After reading the lesson the reader should be able to understand the  
• Importance of haploid and hybrid plants. 
• Mechanism of development of a complete plant from a microspore. 
• Androgenesis, gynogenesis, somatic hybridization, protoplast fusion and embryo rescue. 
• Basic steps involved in in vitro production of haploids and hybrids. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
3 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
Table of Contents  
 
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II 
• Introduction 
• Haploid Production 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• In vivo haploid production 
• In vitro haploid production 
• Androgenesis 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• Anther culture 
• Microspore/pollen culture 
• Pathways of development 
• Factors affecting androgenesis 
• Gynogenesis 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• Comparison between androgenesis 
and gynogenesis 
• Applications 
• Hybrid Production 
• Principle 
• Methodology 
• Haploid production 
Page 4


           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
1 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
                                                                                              
 
 
 
 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
2 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
Learning Outcomes 
 
After reading the lesson the reader should be able to understand the  
• Importance of haploid and hybrid plants. 
• Mechanism of development of a complete plant from a microspore. 
• Androgenesis, gynogenesis, somatic hybridization, protoplast fusion and embryo rescue. 
• Basic steps involved in in vitro production of haploids and hybrids. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
3 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
Table of Contents  
 
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II 
• Introduction 
• Haploid Production 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• In vivo haploid production 
• In vitro haploid production 
• Androgenesis 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• Anther culture 
• Microspore/pollen culture 
• Pathways of development 
• Factors affecting androgenesis 
• Gynogenesis 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• Comparison between androgenesis 
and gynogenesis 
• Applications 
• Hybrid Production 
• Principle 
• Methodology 
• Haploid production 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
4 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
• Embryo Rescue 
• Micropropagation 
• Somatic Embryogenesis 
• Summary  
• Exercise/ Practice 
• Glossary 
• References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 5


           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
1 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
                                                                                              
 
 
 
 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
2 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
Learning Outcomes 
 
After reading the lesson the reader should be able to understand the  
• Importance of haploid and hybrid plants. 
• Mechanism of development of a complete plant from a microspore. 
• Androgenesis, gynogenesis, somatic hybridization, protoplast fusion and embryo rescue. 
• Basic steps involved in in vitro production of haploids and hybrids. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
3 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
Table of Contents  
 
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II 
• Introduction 
• Haploid Production 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• In vivo haploid production 
• In vitro haploid production 
• Androgenesis 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• Anther culture 
• Microspore/pollen culture 
• Pathways of development 
• Factors affecting androgenesis 
• Gynogenesis 
• Principle 
• Discovery 
• Methodology 
• Comparison between androgenesis 
and gynogenesis 
• Applications 
• Hybrid Production 
• Principle 
• Methodology 
• Haploid production 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
4 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
• Embryo Rescue 
• Micropropagation 
• Somatic Embryogenesis 
• Summary  
• Exercise/ Practice 
• Glossary 
• References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           Tissue Culture Applications- Part I 
5 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
Introduction 
In the Chapter Tissue Culture Applications – Part I, we discussed three important aspects of 
tissue culture – micropropagation, virus elimination and endosperm culture. But does the 
story end here? 
Well, far from it, we still have many topics left to cover the entire gamut of applications of 
this technique. In this part of the topic, we shall broadly discuss two types of plants – 
haploids and hybrids and address questions like, what is their importance, what are the 
methods of their production through tissue culture and what are their applications? 
Haploid production 
Principle 
The life cycle of angiosperms (higher plants) is characterized by alternating generations of 
sporophytes and gametophytes.  
? Gametophytic phase  
 The diploid cells undergo meiosis (reduction division) to form gametes. It is a short 
 lived phase as fertilization of the egg again results into the diploid sporophytic phase. 
? Sporophytic phase 
 Chromosome number (2n) is the product of fertilization of male and female gametes, 
 containing the haploid (n) set of chromosomes from each parent.  
Haploid is a generalized term for plants that contain the gametic chromosome number (n). 
They can be produced by forcing male or female gametes into a sporophytic pathway to 
develop into complete plants. Haploids are sterile; therefore, chromosome doubling is 
required, which produces doubled haploids or homozygous diploids, to produce fertile 
plants. 
 
Some obvious questions may arise in your mind after reading this – how is it possible for a 
gametic cell to develop into a complete plant without becoming a zygote? And why do we 
need to produce haploids anyway? If haploid plants are produced, how will they differ from 
their normal diploid counterparts? The answers to all these questions lie ahead in the 
following section. 
What is the difference between a haploid and a monoploid?