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Page 1 Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 1 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus Page 2 Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 1 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 2 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Learning Outcomes The reader should be able to understand the following – ? Need for germplasm conservation. ? Different ways in which plant genetic resources can be conserved. ? Application of in vitro methods for conservation of germplasm. ? Technique of cryopreservation. ? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plants. ? Use of cell cultures and organ cultures for production of secondary metabolites. Page 3 Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 1 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 2 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Learning Outcomes The reader should be able to understand the following – ? Need for germplasm conservation. ? Different ways in which plant genetic resources can be conserved. ? Application of in vitro methods for conservation of germplasm. ? Technique of cryopreservation. ? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plants. ? Use of cell cultures and organ cultures for production of secondary metabolites. Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 3 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Table of Contents Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II ? Introduction ? Germplasm Conservation ? Methods of germplasm conservation ? In situ conservation ? Ex situ conservation ? Brief History - Why did the need for ex situ conservation arise? ? In vitro conservation ? Cryopreservation ? Steps in cryopreservation ? Selection of plant material ? Pre-culture ? Pre -treatments ? Cryoprotective treatments ? Dehydration ? Encapsulation and dehydration ? Freezing ? Rapid freezing ? Slow freezing ? Stepwise freezing ? Storage ? Thawing ? Re-culturing ? Advantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro methods ? Disadvantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro methods ? Secondary Metabolite Production Page 4 Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 1 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 2 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Learning Outcomes The reader should be able to understand the following – ? Need for germplasm conservation. ? Different ways in which plant genetic resources can be conserved. ? Application of in vitro methods for conservation of germplasm. ? Technique of cryopreservation. ? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plants. ? Use of cell cultures and organ cultures for production of secondary metabolites. Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 3 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Table of Contents Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II ? Introduction ? Germplasm Conservation ? Methods of germplasm conservation ? In situ conservation ? Ex situ conservation ? Brief History - Why did the need for ex situ conservation arise? ? In vitro conservation ? Cryopreservation ? Steps in cryopreservation ? Selection of plant material ? Pre-culture ? Pre -treatments ? Cryoprotective treatments ? Dehydration ? Encapsulation and dehydration ? Freezing ? Rapid freezing ? Slow freezing ? Stepwise freezing ? Storage ? Thawing ? Re-culturing ? Advantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro methods ? Disadvantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro methods ? Secondary Metabolite Production Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 4 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi ? Definition ? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites ? Classification of secondary metabolites ? Economic importance of secondary metabolites ? Production of secondary metabolites through tissue culture methods ? Production of secondary metabolites through cell culture ? Production of secondary metabolites through organ cultures ? Hairy root cultures ? Shoot cultures ? Limitations in use of tissue culture methods for secondary metabolite production ? Summary ? Exercise/ Practice ? Glossary ? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading Page 5 Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 1 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Discipline: Botany Paper: Plant Biotechnology Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 2 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Learning Outcomes The reader should be able to understand the following – ? Need for germplasm conservation. ? Different ways in which plant genetic resources can be conserved. ? Application of in vitro methods for conservation of germplasm. ? Technique of cryopreservation. ? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plants. ? Use of cell cultures and organ cultures for production of secondary metabolites. Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 3 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Table of Contents Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II ? Introduction ? Germplasm Conservation ? Methods of germplasm conservation ? In situ conservation ? Ex situ conservation ? Brief History - Why did the need for ex situ conservation arise? ? In vitro conservation ? Cryopreservation ? Steps in cryopreservation ? Selection of plant material ? Pre-culture ? Pre -treatments ? Cryoprotective treatments ? Dehydration ? Encapsulation and dehydration ? Freezing ? Rapid freezing ? Slow freezing ? Stepwise freezing ? Storage ? Thawing ? Re-culturing ? Advantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro methods ? Disadvantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro methods ? Secondary Metabolite Production Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 4 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi ? Definition ? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites ? Classification of secondary metabolites ? Economic importance of secondary metabolites ? Production of secondary metabolites through tissue culture methods ? Production of secondary metabolites through cell culture ? Production of secondary metabolites through organ cultures ? Hairy root cultures ? Shoot cultures ? Limitations in use of tissue culture methods for secondary metabolite production ? Summary ? Exercise/ Practice ? Glossary ? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 5 Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi Introduction In the earlier chapters, we have discussed various techniques of tissue culture and their uses. In this chapter, we shall focus on two important applications of in vitro methods of plant tissue culture - conservation of plant genetic resources and production of secondary metabolites. The in vitro methods of germplasm conservation and secondary metabolite production have helped in overcoming many limitations of the traditional methods and have added more precision and speed to the process. Germplasm Conservation Nature is replete with enormous biodiversity. But increasing population poses a constant threat to this biodiversity. At present, according to Botanical Survey of India, about 45 species are critically endangered, 113 species are endangered, 89 species vulnerable, 7 species are extinct and two species are extinct in wild in India. Many plant species in India are being harvested from wild indiscriminately and traded within the country and also across the border for their varioususes like medicinal, aromatic, aesthetic etc., (Annual Report, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, 2013). http://ifgtb.icfre.gov.in/CITES/Indian%20PLANTS.pdf. This calls for an immediate attention from mankind and especially biologists as genetic diversity once lost can never be regained. Link for further reading on this topic- http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=2116&page=189 Methods of germplasm conservation Methods of germplasm conservation are mainly of two types - in situ and ex situ. Being a biologist, what steps do you propose for conservation of genetic diversity?Read More
1. What is tissue culture and how is it used in botany? |
2. What are the advantages of tissue culture in botany? |
3. Can tissue culture be used for plant breeding? |
4. What are some challenges or limitations of tissue culture in botany? |
5. How can tissue culture be used in the conservation of rare plant species? |
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