Lecture 9 - Tissue Culture Applications- Part III | Plant Biotechnology - Botany PDF Download

 Page 1


Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
1 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
                                                                                              
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
Page 2


Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
1 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
                                                                                              
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
2 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
Learning Outcomes 
 
The reader should be able to understand the following – 
? Need for germplasm conservation. 
? Different ways in which plant genetic resources can be conserved. 
? Application of in vitro methods for conservation of germplasm. 
? Technique of cryopreservation. 
? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plants. 
? Use of cell cultures and organ cultures for production of secondary metabolites. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 3


Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
1 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
                                                                                              
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
2 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
Learning Outcomes 
 
The reader should be able to understand the following – 
? Need for germplasm conservation. 
? Different ways in which plant genetic resources can be conserved. 
? Application of in vitro methods for conservation of germplasm. 
? Technique of cryopreservation. 
? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plants. 
? Use of cell cultures and organ cultures for production of secondary metabolites. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
3 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
Table of Contents  
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II 
? Introduction 
? Germplasm Conservation 
? Methods of germplasm conservation 
? In situ conservation 
? Ex situ conservation 
? Brief History - Why did the need for ex situ conservation 
arise? 
? In vitro conservation 
? Cryopreservation 
? Steps in cryopreservation 
? Selection of plant material  
? Pre-culture  
? Pre -treatments  
? Cryoprotective treatments 
? Dehydration  
? Encapsulation and dehydration  
? Freezing 
? Rapid freezing  
? Slow freezing  
? Stepwise freezing  
? Storage  
? Thawing  
? Re-culturing  
? Advantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro 
methods 
? Disadvantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro 
methods 
? Secondary Metabolite Production 
Page 4


Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
1 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
                                                                                              
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
2 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
Learning Outcomes 
 
The reader should be able to understand the following – 
? Need for germplasm conservation. 
? Different ways in which plant genetic resources can be conserved. 
? Application of in vitro methods for conservation of germplasm. 
? Technique of cryopreservation. 
? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plants. 
? Use of cell cultures and organ cultures for production of secondary metabolites. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
3 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
Table of Contents  
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II 
? Introduction 
? Germplasm Conservation 
? Methods of germplasm conservation 
? In situ conservation 
? Ex situ conservation 
? Brief History - Why did the need for ex situ conservation 
arise? 
? In vitro conservation 
? Cryopreservation 
? Steps in cryopreservation 
? Selection of plant material  
? Pre-culture  
? Pre -treatments  
? Cryoprotective treatments 
? Dehydration  
? Encapsulation and dehydration  
? Freezing 
? Rapid freezing  
? Slow freezing  
? Stepwise freezing  
? Storage  
? Thawing  
? Re-culturing  
? Advantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro 
methods 
? Disadvantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro 
methods 
? Secondary Metabolite Production 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
4 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
? Definition 
? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites 
? Classification of secondary metabolites 
? Economic importance of secondary metabolites 
? Production of secondary metabolites through tissue culture 
methods 
? Production of secondary metabolites through cell culture 
? Production of secondary metabolites through organ 
cultures  
? Hairy root cultures  
? Shoot cultures  
? Limitations in use of tissue culture methods for secondary 
metabolite production 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 5


Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
1 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
                                                                                              
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Biotechnology 
Lesson: Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
Lesson Developer: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South 
Campus 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
2 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
Learning Outcomes 
 
The reader should be able to understand the following – 
? Need for germplasm conservation. 
? Different ways in which plant genetic resources can be conserved. 
? Application of in vitro methods for conservation of germplasm. 
? Technique of cryopreservation. 
? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plants. 
? Use of cell cultures and organ cultures for production of secondary metabolites. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
3 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
Table of Contents  
Chapter: Tissue Culture Applications – Part II 
? Introduction 
? Germplasm Conservation 
? Methods of germplasm conservation 
? In situ conservation 
? Ex situ conservation 
? Brief History - Why did the need for ex situ conservation 
arise? 
? In vitro conservation 
? Cryopreservation 
? Steps in cryopreservation 
? Selection of plant material  
? Pre-culture  
? Pre -treatments  
? Cryoprotective treatments 
? Dehydration  
? Encapsulation and dehydration  
? Freezing 
? Rapid freezing  
? Slow freezing  
? Stepwise freezing  
? Storage  
? Thawing  
? Re-culturing  
? Advantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro 
methods 
? Disadvantages of germplasm conservation by in vitro 
methods 
? Secondary Metabolite Production 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
4 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
? Definition 
? Difference between primary and secondary metabolites 
? Classification of secondary metabolites 
? Economic importance of secondary metabolites 
? Production of secondary metabolites through tissue culture 
methods 
? Production of secondary metabolites through cell culture 
? Production of secondary metabolites through organ 
cultures  
? Hairy root cultures  
? Shoot cultures  
? Limitations in use of tissue culture methods for secondary 
metabolite production 
? Summary  
? Exercise/ Practice 
? Glossary 
? References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tissue Culture Applications- Part II 
 
 
5 
Institute of Lifelong learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
Introduction 
In the earlier chapters, we have discussed various techniques of tissue culture and their 
uses. In this chapter, we shall focus on two important applications of in vitro methods of 
plant tissue culture - conservation of plant genetic resources and production of secondary 
metabolites. The in vitro methods of germplasm conservation and secondary metabolite 
production have helped in overcoming many limitations of the traditional methods and have 
added more precision and speed to the process. 
Germplasm Conservation 
Nature is replete with enormous biodiversity. But increasing population poses a constant 
threat to this biodiversity. At present, according to Botanical Survey of India, about 45 
species are critically endangered, 113 species are endangered, 89 species vulnerable, 7 
species are extinct and two species are extinct in wild in India. Many plant species in India 
are being harvested from wild indiscriminately and traded within the country and also across 
the border for their varioususes like medicinal, aromatic, aesthetic etc., (Annual Report, 
Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, 2013). 
http://ifgtb.icfre.gov.in/CITES/Indian%20PLANTS.pdf. This calls for an immediate attention 
from mankind and especially biologists as genetic diversity once lost can never be regained. 
 
 
Link for further reading on this topic-  
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=2116&page=189 
Methods of germplasm conservation 
Methods of germplasm conservation are mainly of two types - in situ and ex situ. 
Being a biologist, what steps do you propose for conservation of genetic diversity?