Lecture 3 - Plant Tissue Systems | Plant Anatomy - Biotechnology Engineering (BT) PDF Download

 Page 1


 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
0 
                                                                                                                 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on 
Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Anatomy 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems 
  
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya, 
Dr Anita Rani 
Department/College: Dyal Singh College 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma 
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar 
Department/College: Hindu College 
 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
Page 2


 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
0 
                                                                                                                 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on 
Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Anatomy 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems 
  
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya, 
Dr Anita Rani 
Department/College: Dyal Singh College 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma 
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar 
Department/College: Hindu College 
 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
1 
Table of Contents 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue System 
? Introduction 
? Meristematic tissue 
? Characteristic Properties of meristematic cells 
? Classification of Meristems 
? Based on origin 
? Based on location/position 
? Based on differentiation 
? The Tissue System 
? Classification  
? Epidermal/Dermal tissue system 
? Ground tissue system 
? Vascular tissue system 
? Summary 
? Glossary 
? Exercises 
? References 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 3


 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
0 
                                                                                                                 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on 
Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Anatomy 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems 
  
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya, 
Dr Anita Rani 
Department/College: Dyal Singh College 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma 
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar 
Department/College: Hindu College 
 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
1 
Table of Contents 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue System 
? Introduction 
? Meristematic tissue 
? Characteristic Properties of meristematic cells 
? Classification of Meristems 
? Based on origin 
? Based on location/position 
? Based on differentiation 
? The Tissue System 
? Classification  
? Epidermal/Dermal tissue system 
? Ground tissue system 
? Vascular tissue system 
? Summary 
? Glossary 
? Exercises 
? References 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
2 
Introduction 
The cell arises from preexisting cells. In plant body, diverse type of cells forms various 
types of tissues. Their structure and function are dependent on their location. These cells 
originated from specialized uncommitted cells known as meristematic cells.   
Meristematic tissue 
In vascular plant, zygote after the division produces new cells that develop into new organs. 
Later on embryo becomes an independent plant; the addition of new cells is gradually 
restricted to certain regions which remain embryonic in nature throughout plant life. Thus 
the plant body consists of mixture of embryonic and mature tissue. The embryonic tissues 
consisting of uncommitted cells which are primarily concerned with the formation of new 
cells are called as meristems. These cells are responsible for continuous growth of the plant 
body.  
 
Figure: Meristamatic cells showing different divisional stages. 
Source: http://quizlet.com/21508592/combo-with-biology-test-review-cellular-respiration-
photosynthesis-dna-and-mitosis-and-1-other-flash-cards/ 
 
Characteristic properties  
The characteristic features of meristematic cells are: 
? Cells are small, rectangular or isodiametric compared to mature cells.  
? The cells are compactly arranged i.e. they lack intercellular spaces between them. 
Page 4


 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
0 
                                                                                                                 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on 
Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Anatomy 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems 
  
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya, 
Dr Anita Rani 
Department/College: Dyal Singh College 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma 
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar 
Department/College: Hindu College 
 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
1 
Table of Contents 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue System 
? Introduction 
? Meristematic tissue 
? Characteristic Properties of meristematic cells 
? Classification of Meristems 
? Based on origin 
? Based on location/position 
? Based on differentiation 
? The Tissue System 
? Classification  
? Epidermal/Dermal tissue system 
? Ground tissue system 
? Vascular tissue system 
? Summary 
? Glossary 
? Exercises 
? References 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
2 
Introduction 
The cell arises from preexisting cells. In plant body, diverse type of cells forms various 
types of tissues. Their structure and function are dependent on their location. These cells 
originated from specialized uncommitted cells known as meristematic cells.   
Meristematic tissue 
In vascular plant, zygote after the division produces new cells that develop into new organs. 
Later on embryo becomes an independent plant; the addition of new cells is gradually 
restricted to certain regions which remain embryonic in nature throughout plant life. Thus 
the plant body consists of mixture of embryonic and mature tissue. The embryonic tissues 
consisting of uncommitted cells which are primarily concerned with the formation of new 
cells are called as meristems. These cells are responsible for continuous growth of the plant 
body.  
 
Figure: Meristamatic cells showing different divisional stages. 
Source: http://quizlet.com/21508592/combo-with-biology-test-review-cellular-respiration-
photosynthesis-dna-and-mitosis-and-1-other-flash-cards/ 
 
Characteristic properties  
The characteristic features of meristematic cells are: 
? Cells are small, rectangular or isodiametric compared to mature cells.  
? The cells are compactly arranged i.e. they lack intercellular spaces between them. 
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
3 
? Each meristematic cell has a single conspicuous nucleus with transparent cytoplasm 
however, lacks vacuoles. 
? The cell wall is thin made up of cellulose only.  
? In meristematic cells, except mitochondria all the other organelles are either absent 
or if present as in plastids they are in a nonfunctional state and called as proplastids. 
? These cells lack reserve food materials or secretory/ excretory products. 
? The meristematic cells are inherently capable of undergoing regular and continuous 
mitotic divisions and chromosomes have a similar state of mitotic division.  
 
Classification  
The meristematic tissue can be classified on the basis of origin and development of initiating 
cells, plane of division, differentiation, functions and their location in the plant body.  
Based on Origin 
Plant meristem is classified into the following three types: 
(a)  Promeristem: It is also called as embryonic meristem or primordial meristem 
because it develops first in the embryo and later give rise to derivative cells that 
forms primary and secondary meristem. Promeristematic cells are isodiametric, 
thin walled, with dense cytoplasm and conspicuous nuclei. 
(b)  Primary meristem: It develops from the promeristem and continues to remain 
active throughout the plant life. Primary growth gives rise to the primary 
permanent tissues of plant body and is responsible for primary growth of the 
plant e.g. meristem found at the apex of the stem and root. 
(c)  Secondary meristem: Is the meristem that develops after the development of 
primary meristem by a process called de-differentiation in the permanent tissues. 
It is responsible for secondary growth of plant and give rise to secondary cortex 
and secondary xylem e.g. cork cambium (phellogen) and vascular cambium.  
Page 5


 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
0 
                                                                                                                 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on 
Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Anatomy 
 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue Systems 
  
Lesson Developer: Dr Arun Kumar Maurya, 
Dr Anita Rani 
Department/College: Dyal Singh College 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Basudha Sharma 
Department/College: MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Language Editor: Dr Sonal Bhatnagar 
Department/College: Hindu College 
 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
1 
Table of Contents 
 
Lesson: Plant Tissue System 
? Introduction 
? Meristematic tissue 
? Characteristic Properties of meristematic cells 
? Classification of Meristems 
? Based on origin 
? Based on location/position 
? Based on differentiation 
? The Tissue System 
? Classification  
? Epidermal/Dermal tissue system 
? Ground tissue system 
? Vascular tissue system 
? Summary 
? Glossary 
? Exercises 
? References 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
2 
Introduction 
The cell arises from preexisting cells. In plant body, diverse type of cells forms various 
types of tissues. Their structure and function are dependent on their location. These cells 
originated from specialized uncommitted cells known as meristematic cells.   
Meristematic tissue 
In vascular plant, zygote after the division produces new cells that develop into new organs. 
Later on embryo becomes an independent plant; the addition of new cells is gradually 
restricted to certain regions which remain embryonic in nature throughout plant life. Thus 
the plant body consists of mixture of embryonic and mature tissue. The embryonic tissues 
consisting of uncommitted cells which are primarily concerned with the formation of new 
cells are called as meristems. These cells are responsible for continuous growth of the plant 
body.  
 
Figure: Meristamatic cells showing different divisional stages. 
Source: http://quizlet.com/21508592/combo-with-biology-test-review-cellular-respiration-
photosynthesis-dna-and-mitosis-and-1-other-flash-cards/ 
 
Characteristic properties  
The characteristic features of meristematic cells are: 
? Cells are small, rectangular or isodiametric compared to mature cells.  
? The cells are compactly arranged i.e. they lack intercellular spaces between them. 
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
3 
? Each meristematic cell has a single conspicuous nucleus with transparent cytoplasm 
however, lacks vacuoles. 
? The cell wall is thin made up of cellulose only.  
? In meristematic cells, except mitochondria all the other organelles are either absent 
or if present as in plastids they are in a nonfunctional state and called as proplastids. 
? These cells lack reserve food materials or secretory/ excretory products. 
? The meristematic cells are inherently capable of undergoing regular and continuous 
mitotic divisions and chromosomes have a similar state of mitotic division.  
 
Classification  
The meristematic tissue can be classified on the basis of origin and development of initiating 
cells, plane of division, differentiation, functions and their location in the plant body.  
Based on Origin 
Plant meristem is classified into the following three types: 
(a)  Promeristem: It is also called as embryonic meristem or primordial meristem 
because it develops first in the embryo and later give rise to derivative cells that 
forms primary and secondary meristem. Promeristematic cells are isodiametric, 
thin walled, with dense cytoplasm and conspicuous nuclei. 
(b)  Primary meristem: It develops from the promeristem and continues to remain 
active throughout the plant life. Primary growth gives rise to the primary 
permanent tissues of plant body and is responsible for primary growth of the 
plant e.g. meristem found at the apex of the stem and root. 
(c)  Secondary meristem: Is the meristem that develops after the development of 
primary meristem by a process called de-differentiation in the permanent tissues. 
It is responsible for secondary growth of plant and give rise to secondary cortex 
and secondary xylem e.g. cork cambium (phellogen) and vascular cambium.  
 
Plant Tissue Systems 
 
Institute of Life Long Learning, University of Delhi 
 
4 
 
Figure: Diagrammatic representation of plant meristem based on origin. 
Source: http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch35/ 
 
Based on position or location  
Based on location in the plant body, meristem can be classified into the following three 
types: 
(a) Apical meristem: It is situated at the apex of the root and stem called as root and 
shoot apex, respectively. Apical meristems comprises of actively growing regions of 
plant which eventually helps in increasing the length of plant.  
(b) Intercalary meristem: It is located between permanent tissues and represents 
the oddment of apical meristem. Intercalary meristem is generally found either at 
the nodal regions or at the base of the leaves. It contributes to the increase in 
length as it brings about elongation of internodal regions, for e.g. in bamboo and 
grasses. The apical and intercalary meristems are the examples of primary 
meristem.