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Page 1 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page Page 2 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 2/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page In this chapter you will learn about: § Internal structure of processor § Memory structure § Determining the speed of a processor § Different types of processors available § Determining the capacity of a memory § Different types of memory available § Several other terms related to the processor and main memory of a computer system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives 101 Page 3 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 2/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page In this chapter you will learn about: § Internal structure of processor § Memory structure § Determining the speed of a processor § Different types of processors available § Determining the capacity of a memory § Different types of memory available § Several other terms related to the processor and main memory of a computer system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives 101 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 3/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page Main Memory (RAM) Cache Memory Decode r Program control register Instruction register Memory buffer register Input/Output register General- purpose register Memory address register Accumulato r register General- purpose register General- purpose register General-purpose register Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit Central Processing Unit I/ O D E V I C E S ROM PROM Flash Basic Processor & Memory Architecture of a Computer System Basic Processor & Memory Architecture of a Computer System 102 Page 4 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 2/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page In this chapter you will learn about: § Internal structure of processor § Memory structure § Determining the speed of a processor § Different types of processors available § Determining the capacity of a memory § Different types of memory available § Several other terms related to the processor and main memory of a computer system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives 101 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 3/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page Main Memory (RAM) Cache Memory Decode r Program control register Instruction register Memory buffer register Input/Output register General- purpose register Memory address register Accumulato r register General- purpose register General- purpose register General-purpose register Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit Central Processing Unit I/ O D E V I C E S ROM PROM Flash Basic Processor & Memory Architecture of a Computer System Basic Processor & Memory Architecture of a Computer System 102 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 4/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page § The brain of a computer system § Performs all major calculations and comparisons § Activates and controls the operations of other units of a computer system § Two basic components are § Control Unit (CU) § Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) § No other single component of a computer determines its overall performance as much as the CPU Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU) 101 Page 5 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 1/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 2/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page In this chapter you will learn about: § Internal structure of processor § Memory structure § Determining the speed of a processor § Different types of processors available § Determining the capacity of a memory § Different types of memory available § Several other terms related to the processor and main memory of a computer system Learning Objectives Learning Objectives 101 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 3/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page Main Memory (RAM) Cache Memory Decode r Program control register Instruction register Memory buffer register Input/Output register General- purpose register Memory address register Accumulato r register General- purpose register General- purpose register General-purpose register Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit Central Processing Unit I/ O D E V I C E S ROM PROM Flash Basic Processor & Memory Architecture of a Computer System Basic Processor & Memory Architecture of a Computer System 102 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 4/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page § The brain of a computer system § Performs all major calculations and comparisons § Activates and controls the operations of other units of a computer system § Two basic components are § Control Unit (CU) § Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) § No other single component of a computer determines its overall performance as much as the CPU Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU) 101 Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha Slide 5/27 Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Ref Page § One of the two basic components of CPU § Acts as the central nervous system of a computer system § Selects and interprets program instructions, and coordinates execution § Has some special purpose registers and a decoder to perform these activities Control Unit (CU) Control Unit (CU) 101Read More
FAQs on Chapter 7: Processor and Memory - PPT, Computer fundamentals, Class - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
| 1. What is the role of a processor in a computer system? |  |
Ans. The processor, also known as the central processing unit (CPU), is the brain of a computer system. It carries out instructions and performs calculations, controlling the operation of all other hardware and software components. The processor fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, executes them, and stores the results. It is responsible for the overall performance and speed of the computer.
| 2. How does the processor interact with memory in a computer? | |
Ans. The processor interacts with memory through a bus system. When the processor needs to read or write data, it sends a request to the memory controller. The memory controller then retrieves the data from memory or writes data to memory and sends it back to the processor. This interaction happens through the address bus, which specifies the location in memory, and the data bus, which transfers the actual data between the processor and memory.
| 3. What is the difference between primary memory and secondary memory? | |
Ans. Primary memory, also known as main memory or RAM (Random Access Memory), is a volatile memory that stores data and instructions that the processor needs for immediate access. It is fast but limited in capacity and loses its content when the power is turned off. Secondary memory, on the other hand, is non-volatile and provides long-term storage. Examples of secondary memory include hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and optical drives. Secondary memory has a larger capacity but is slower than primary memory.
| 4. What is the purpose of cache memory in a computer system? | |
Ans. Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located between the processor and main memory. Its purpose is to enhance the performance of the computer system by reducing the time it takes to access data from main memory. When the processor needs to read data, it first checks the cache memory. If the data is found in the cache (cache hit), it is retrieved much faster than if it had to be fetched from main memory (cache miss). Cache memory acts as a buffer, storing frequently accessed data and instructions to minimize the latency in accessing main memory.
| 5. How does clock speed affect the performance of a processor? | |
Ans. Clock speed, measured in gigahertz (GHz), refers to the number of cycles per second that a processor can execute. A higher clock speed means the processor can execute more instructions in a given time period, resulting in faster performance. However, clock speed alone does not determine the overall performance of a processor. Other factors like the architecture, number of cores, cache size, and efficiency of instruction execution also play a significant role. It is important to consider these factors along with clock speed when evaluating the performance of a processor.
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