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 Page 1


Acids, Bases, 
& Salts
Page 2


Acids, Bases, 
& Salts
What is an ACID?
• pH less than 7
• Neutralizes bases
• Forms H 
+
ions in solution
• Corrosive-reacts with most 
metals to form hydrogen gas
• Good conductors of electricity 
Page 3


Acids, Bases, 
& Salts
What is an ACID?
• pH less than 7
• Neutralizes bases
• Forms H 
+
ions in solution
• Corrosive-reacts with most 
metals to form hydrogen gas
• Good conductors of electricity 
Acids Generate Ions
HNO
3
+  H
2
O    ? H
3
O
+
+  NO
3
Page 4


Acids, Bases, 
& Salts
What is an ACID?
• pH less than 7
• Neutralizes bases
• Forms H 
+
ions in solution
• Corrosive-reacts with most 
metals to form hydrogen gas
• Good conductors of electricity 
Acids Generate Ions
HNO
3
+  H
2
O    ? H
3
O
+
+  NO
3
Weak vs. Strong Acids
• Weak Acids do not ionize completely: 
Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric, 
Sulfurous
• Strong Acids ionize completely: 
Hydrochloric, Nitric; Sulfuric, Hydriodic
Page 5


Acids, Bases, 
& Salts
What is an ACID?
• pH less than 7
• Neutralizes bases
• Forms H 
+
ions in solution
• Corrosive-reacts with most 
metals to form hydrogen gas
• Good conductors of electricity 
Acids Generate Ions
HNO
3
+  H
2
O    ? H
3
O
+
+  NO
3
Weak vs. Strong Acids
• Weak Acids do not ionize completely: 
Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric, 
Sulfurous
• Strong Acids ionize completely: 
Hydrochloric, Nitric; Sulfuric, Hydriodic
Common Acids 
• HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid
• H
2
SO
4
- sulfuric acid - car batteries
• HNO
3 
– nitric acid - explosives
• HC
2
H
3
O
2
- acetic acid - vinegar
• H
2
CO
3
-carbonic acid – sodas
• H
3
PO
4
- phosphoric acid -flavorings

FAQs on PPT on Acid, Bases and Salts - Class 7

1. What is an acid?

An acid is a chemical substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. It has a sour taste, turns blue litmus paper red, and has a pH value less than 7. Some common examples of acids are lemon juice, vinegar, and hydrochloric acid.

2. What is a base?

A base is a chemical substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) or donates hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. It has a bitter taste, turns red litmus paper blue, and has a pH value greater than 7. Some common examples of bases are baking soda, soap, and sodium hydroxide.

3. What is the difference between an acid and a base?

The main difference between an acid and a base lies in their ability to donate or accept hydrogen ions. Acids donate hydrogen ions, while bases either accept hydrogen ions or donate hydroxide ions. Acids have a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, and have a pH less than 7, while bases have a bitter taste, turn red litmus paper blue, and have a pH greater than 7.

4. What are salts?

Salts are ionic compounds formed when an acid reacts with a base. They are made up of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions). The positive ion comes from the base, and the negative ion comes from the acid. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it forms sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).

5. How are acids, bases, and salts used in everyday life?

Acids, bases, and salts have numerous applications in our daily lives. Acids like citric acid are used in food and beverage production for flavor enhancement. Bases like sodium hydroxide are used in the production of soaps and detergents. Salts like table salt (sodium chloride) are used for seasoning and preserving food. Additionally, acids and bases are commonly used in cleaning agents and medical treatments.

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