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FAQs on Ncert solutions for class 8 of science chapter 18 pollution of air and water

1. What are the main sources of air pollution?
Ans. The main sources of air pollution include industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust fumes, burning of fossil fuels, agricultural activities, and waste burning. These activities release pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds into the air.
2. How does air pollution affect human health?
Ans. Air pollution can have severe effects on human health. Breathing in polluted air can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer. It can also lead to cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and weakened immune system. Prolonged exposure to air pollution can even result in premature death.
3. What are the different types of water pollution?
Ans. There are various types of water pollution. Some common types include sewage and wastewater pollution, industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, oil spills, and thermal pollution. These pollutants can contaminate water bodies, making it unsafe for drinking, swimming, and supporting aquatic life.
4. How does water pollution affect aquatic ecosystems?
Ans. Water pollution can cause significant harm to aquatic ecosystems. The presence of pollutants in water bodies can disrupt the ecological balance, leading to the death of aquatic plants and animals. It can also reduce the oxygen levels in water, making it difficult for aquatic organisms to survive. Additionally, water pollution can result in the loss of biodiversity and the destruction of habitats.
5. What are the measures to control air and water pollution?
Ans. To control air pollution, various measures can be taken, including the use of cleaner fuels, promoting renewable energy sources, implementing strict emission standards for industries and vehicles, afforestation, and creating awareness among people. For water pollution control, measures such as wastewater treatment, proper disposal of industrial waste, preventing oil spills, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices are essential. Additionally, regular monitoring and enforcement of pollution control laws and regulations are crucial.
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