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NCERT Textbook - The Last Lesson
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Page 1 The Last Lesson Alphonse Daudet Lost Spring Anees Jung Deep Water William Douglas The Rattrap Selma Lagerlöf Indigo Louis Fischer Poets and Pancakes Asokamitran The Interview Christopher Silvester Umberto Eco Going Places A. R. Barton Prose Chap 1.indd 1 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 Page 2 The Last Lesson Alphonse Daudet Lost Spring Anees Jung Deep Water William Douglas The Rattrap Selma Lagerlöf Indigo Louis Fischer Poets and Pancakes Asokamitran The Interview Christopher Silvester Umberto Eco Going Places A. R. Barton Prose Chap 1.indd 1 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 The Last Lesson About the author Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) was a French novelist and short- story writer. The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871) in which France was defeated by Prussia led by Bismarck. Prussia then consisted of what now are the nations of Germany, Poland and parts of Austria. In this story the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine have passed into Prussian hands. Read the story to find out what effect this had on life at school. Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context ?? in great dread of ?? in unison ?? counted on ?? a great bustle ?? thumbed at the edges ?? reproach ourselves with I started for school very late that morning and was in great dread of a scolding, especially because M. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles, and I did not know the first word about them. For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day out of doors. It was so warm, so bright! The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods; and in the open field back of the sawmill the Prussian soldiers were drilling. It was all much more tempting than the rule for participles, but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school. When I passed the town hall there was a crowd in front of the bulletin-board. For the last two years all our bad news had come from there — the lost battles, the draft, the orders of the commanding officer — and I thought to myself, without stopping, “What can be the matter now?” Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go, the blacksmith, Wachter, who was there, with his apprentice, reading the bulletin, 1 Chap 1.indd 2 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 Page 3 The Last Lesson Alphonse Daudet Lost Spring Anees Jung Deep Water William Douglas The Rattrap Selma Lagerlöf Indigo Louis Fischer Poets and Pancakes Asokamitran The Interview Christopher Silvester Umberto Eco Going Places A. R. Barton Prose Chap 1.indd 1 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 The Last Lesson About the author Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) was a French novelist and short- story writer. The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871) in which France was defeated by Prussia led by Bismarck. Prussia then consisted of what now are the nations of Germany, Poland and parts of Austria. In this story the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine have passed into Prussian hands. Read the story to find out what effect this had on life at school. Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context ?? in great dread of ?? in unison ?? counted on ?? a great bustle ?? thumbed at the edges ?? reproach ourselves with I started for school very late that morning and was in great dread of a scolding, especially because M. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles, and I did not know the first word about them. For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day out of doors. It was so warm, so bright! The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods; and in the open field back of the sawmill the Prussian soldiers were drilling. It was all much more tempting than the rule for participles, but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school. When I passed the town hall there was a crowd in front of the bulletin-board. For the last two years all our bad news had come from there — the lost battles, the draft, the orders of the commanding officer — and I thought to myself, without stopping, “What can be the matter now?” Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go, the blacksmith, Wachter, who was there, with his apprentice, reading the bulletin, 1 Chap 1.indd 2 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 The Last Lesson/3 called after me, “Don’t go so fast, bub; you’ll get to your school in plenty of time!” I thought he was making fun of me, and reached M. Hamel’s little garden all out of breath. Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard out in the street, the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud, with our hands over our ears to understand better, and the teacher’s great ruler rapping on the table. But now it was all so still! I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen; but, of course, that day everything had to be as quiet as Sunday morning. Through the window I saw my classmates, already in their places, and M. Hamel walking up and down with his terrible iron ruler under his arm. I had to open the door and go in before everybody. You can imagine how I blushed and how frightened I was. But nothing happened. M. Hamel saw me and said very kindly, “Go to your place quickly, little Franz. We were beginning without you.” I jumped over the bench and sat down at my desk. Not till then, when I had got a little over my fright, did I see that our teacher had on his beautiful green coat, his frilled shirt, and the little black silk cap, all embroidered, that he never wore except on inspection and prize days. Besides, the whole school seemed so Chap 1.indd 3 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 Page 4 The Last Lesson Alphonse Daudet Lost Spring Anees Jung Deep Water William Douglas The Rattrap Selma Lagerlöf Indigo Louis Fischer Poets and Pancakes Asokamitran The Interview Christopher Silvester Umberto Eco Going Places A. R. Barton Prose Chap 1.indd 1 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 The Last Lesson About the author Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) was a French novelist and short- story writer. The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871) in which France was defeated by Prussia led by Bismarck. Prussia then consisted of what now are the nations of Germany, Poland and parts of Austria. In this story the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine have passed into Prussian hands. Read the story to find out what effect this had on life at school. Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context ?? in great dread of ?? in unison ?? counted on ?? a great bustle ?? thumbed at the edges ?? reproach ourselves with I started for school very late that morning and was in great dread of a scolding, especially because M. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles, and I did not know the first word about them. For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day out of doors. It was so warm, so bright! The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods; and in the open field back of the sawmill the Prussian soldiers were drilling. It was all much more tempting than the rule for participles, but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school. When I passed the town hall there was a crowd in front of the bulletin-board. For the last two years all our bad news had come from there — the lost battles, the draft, the orders of the commanding officer — and I thought to myself, without stopping, “What can be the matter now?” Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go, the blacksmith, Wachter, who was there, with his apprentice, reading the bulletin, 1 Chap 1.indd 2 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 The Last Lesson/3 called after me, “Don’t go so fast, bub; you’ll get to your school in plenty of time!” I thought he was making fun of me, and reached M. Hamel’s little garden all out of breath. Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard out in the street, the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud, with our hands over our ears to understand better, and the teacher’s great ruler rapping on the table. But now it was all so still! I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen; but, of course, that day everything had to be as quiet as Sunday morning. Through the window I saw my classmates, already in their places, and M. Hamel walking up and down with his terrible iron ruler under his arm. I had to open the door and go in before everybody. You can imagine how I blushed and how frightened I was. But nothing happened. M. Hamel saw me and said very kindly, “Go to your place quickly, little Franz. We were beginning without you.” I jumped over the bench and sat down at my desk. Not till then, when I had got a little over my fright, did I see that our teacher had on his beautiful green coat, his frilled shirt, and the little black silk cap, all embroidered, that he never wore except on inspection and prize days. Besides, the whole school seemed so Chap 1.indd 3 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 4/Flamingo strange and solemn. But the thing that surprised me most was to see, on the back benches that were always empty, the village people sitting quietly like ourselves; old Hauser, with his three-cornered hat, the former mayor, the former postmaster, and several others besides. Everybody looked sad; and Hauser had brought an old primer, thumbed at the edges, and he held it open on his knees with his great spectacles lying across the pages. While I was wondering about it all, M. Hamel mounted his chair, and, in the same grave and gentle tone which he had used to me, said, “My children, this is the last lesson I shall give you. The order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The new master comes tomorrow. This is your last French lesson. I want you to be very attentive.” What a thunderclap these words were to me! Oh, the wretches; that was what they had put up at the town-hall! My last French lesson! Why, I hardly knew how to write! I should never learn any more! I must stop there, then! Oh, how sorry I was for not learning my lessons, for seeking birds’ eggs, or going sliding on the Saar! My books, that had seemed such a nuisance a while ago, so heavy to carry, my grammar, and my history of the saints, were old friends now that I couldn’t give up. And M. Hamel, too; the idea that he was going away, that I should never see him again, made me forget all about his ruler and how cranky he was. Poor man! It was in honour of this last lesson that he had put on his fine Sunday clothes, and now I understood why the old men of the village were sitting there in the back of the room. It was because they were sorry, too, that they had not gone to school more. It was their way of thanking our master for his forty years of faithful service and of showing their respect for the country that was theirs no more. Chap 1.indd 4 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 Page 5 The Last Lesson Alphonse Daudet Lost Spring Anees Jung Deep Water William Douglas The Rattrap Selma Lagerlöf Indigo Louis Fischer Poets and Pancakes Asokamitran The Interview Christopher Silvester Umberto Eco Going Places A. R. Barton Prose Chap 1.indd 1 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 The Last Lesson About the author Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) was a French novelist and short- story writer. The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871) in which France was defeated by Prussia led by Bismarck. Prussia then consisted of what now are the nations of Germany, Poland and parts of Austria. In this story the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine have passed into Prussian hands. Read the story to find out what effect this had on life at school. Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context ?? in great dread of ?? in unison ?? counted on ?? a great bustle ?? thumbed at the edges ?? reproach ourselves with I started for school very late that morning and was in great dread of a scolding, especially because M. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles, and I did not know the first word about them. For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day out of doors. It was so warm, so bright! The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods; and in the open field back of the sawmill the Prussian soldiers were drilling. It was all much more tempting than the rule for participles, but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school. When I passed the town hall there was a crowd in front of the bulletin-board. For the last two years all our bad news had come from there — the lost battles, the draft, the orders of the commanding officer — and I thought to myself, without stopping, “What can be the matter now?” Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go, the blacksmith, Wachter, who was there, with his apprentice, reading the bulletin, 1 Chap 1.indd 2 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 The Last Lesson/3 called after me, “Don’t go so fast, bub; you’ll get to your school in plenty of time!” I thought he was making fun of me, and reached M. Hamel’s little garden all out of breath. Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard out in the street, the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud, with our hands over our ears to understand better, and the teacher’s great ruler rapping on the table. But now it was all so still! I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen; but, of course, that day everything had to be as quiet as Sunday morning. Through the window I saw my classmates, already in their places, and M. Hamel walking up and down with his terrible iron ruler under his arm. I had to open the door and go in before everybody. You can imagine how I blushed and how frightened I was. But nothing happened. M. Hamel saw me and said very kindly, “Go to your place quickly, little Franz. We were beginning without you.” I jumped over the bench and sat down at my desk. Not till then, when I had got a little over my fright, did I see that our teacher had on his beautiful green coat, his frilled shirt, and the little black silk cap, all embroidered, that he never wore except on inspection and prize days. Besides, the whole school seemed so Chap 1.indd 3 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 4/Flamingo strange and solemn. But the thing that surprised me most was to see, on the back benches that were always empty, the village people sitting quietly like ourselves; old Hauser, with his three-cornered hat, the former mayor, the former postmaster, and several others besides. Everybody looked sad; and Hauser had brought an old primer, thumbed at the edges, and he held it open on his knees with his great spectacles lying across the pages. While I was wondering about it all, M. Hamel mounted his chair, and, in the same grave and gentle tone which he had used to me, said, “My children, this is the last lesson I shall give you. The order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The new master comes tomorrow. This is your last French lesson. I want you to be very attentive.” What a thunderclap these words were to me! Oh, the wretches; that was what they had put up at the town-hall! My last French lesson! Why, I hardly knew how to write! I should never learn any more! I must stop there, then! Oh, how sorry I was for not learning my lessons, for seeking birds’ eggs, or going sliding on the Saar! My books, that had seemed such a nuisance a while ago, so heavy to carry, my grammar, and my history of the saints, were old friends now that I couldn’t give up. And M. Hamel, too; the idea that he was going away, that I should never see him again, made me forget all about his ruler and how cranky he was. Poor man! It was in honour of this last lesson that he had put on his fine Sunday clothes, and now I understood why the old men of the village were sitting there in the back of the room. It was because they were sorry, too, that they had not gone to school more. It was their way of thanking our master for his forty years of faithful service and of showing their respect for the country that was theirs no more. Chap 1.indd 4 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26 The Last Lesson/5 While I was thinking of all this, I heard my name called. It was my turn to recite. What would I not have given to be able to say that dreadful rule for the participle all through, very loud and clear, and without one mistake? But I got mixed up on the first words and stood there, holding on to my desk, my heart beating, and not daring to look up. I heard M. Hamel say to me, “I won’t scold you, little Franz; you must feel bad enough. See how it is! Every day we have said to ourselves, ‘Bah! I’ve plenty of time. I’ll learn it tomorrow.’ And now you see where we’ve come out. Ah, that’s the great trouble with Alsace; she puts off learning till tomorrow. Now those fellows out there will have the right to say to you, ‘How is it; you pretend to be Frenchmen, and yet you can neither speak nor write your own language?’ But you are not the worst, poor little Franz. We’ve all a great deal to reproach ourselves with.” “Your parents were not anxious enough to have you learn. They preferred to put you to work on a farm or at the mills, so as to have a little more money. And I? I’ve been to blame also. Have I not often sent you to water my flowers instead of learning your lessons? And when I wanted to go fishing, did I not just give you a holiday?” Then, from one thing to another, M. Hamel went on to talk of the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language in the world — the clearest, the most logical; that we must guard it among us and never forget it, because when a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had the key to their prison. Then he opened a grammar and read us our lesson. I was amazed to see how well I understood it. All he said seemed so easy, so easy! I think, too, that I had never listened so carefully, and that he had never explained everything with so Chap 1.indd 5 12/11/2024 11:17:43 AM Reprint 2025-26Read More
FAQs on NCERT Textbook - The Last Lesson
| 1. Who is M. Hamel and why does he matter in The Last Lesson? |  |
Ans. M. Hamel is the French schoolmaster and protagonist of the story who represents cultural resistance and patriotic dedication. He teaches his final lesson in French after the Prussian occupation forbids French instruction in Alsace-Lorraine, symbolising the loss of linguistic and cultural identity. His emotional farewell demonstrates the profound value of native language and education.
| 2. What does the title "The Last Lesson" actually mean in the story? | |
Ans. The title refers to M. Hamel's final French lesson before the new German decree eliminates French from schools in occupied Alsace-Lorraine. It signifies the end of cultural freedom, linguistic heritage, and educational autonomy under foreign rule. The phrase captures both literal and metaphorical closure-the loss of national identity and language transmission to future generations.
| 3. How does Alphonse Franz's perspective change throughout The Last Lesson narrative? | |
Ans. Franz transforms from an indifferent student dreading grammar lessons into someone profoundly aware of language's cultural and emotional significance. Witnessing M. Hamel's heartfelt teaching and the townspeople's silent attendance awakens his patriotic consciousness. This character development illustrates how loss creates appreciation-Franz suddenly recognises education's irreplaceable value and his negligence toward his mother tongue.
| 4. What is the historical context of Prussian occupation in The Last Lesson? | |
Ans. The story is set during the Franco-Prussian War when Germany annexed Alsace-Lorraine (1871), imposing German language and culture on French-speaking regions. The decree banning French instruction represents colonial linguistic suppression-erasing national identity through educational control. This historical backdrop explains M. Hamel's emotional intensity and the villagers' collective grief during the final lesson.
| 5. How does Alphonse Franz's regret about his education connect to exam preparation for Class 12 English? | |
Ans. Franz's remorse demonstrates that consistent learning matters more than last-minute cramming before board examinations. His realisation that he wasted opportunities reflects real student anxieties about negligence. The narrative teaches Class 12 learners to value gradual mastery of language skills-grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension-rather than postponing effort until evaluations become urgent or irreversible.
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