NCERT Textbook: Chithi ka Safar | Hindi Class 5 PDF Download

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52
viuh nl&ckjg lky dh ¯T
+
knxh esa rqeus oqQN i=k rks fy[ks gh gksaxsA os i=k vius
lgh irs vkSj le; ij fdl rjg igq¡ps gksaxsµ ;g cgqr&lh ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk
gSA tSls fd] fpêòh fdl LFkku ls fdl LFkku ij Hksth tk jgh gS] lans'k igq¡pkus
dh fdruh tYnh gS] rqeus iwjk vkSj Bhd irk fy[kk gS fd ugha] rqeus ml ij
MkdfVdV yxk;k gS fd ugha] vkfnA vc iz'u ;g mBrs gSa fd
• vkf[kj fpêòh ij MkdfVdV yxk;k gh D;ksa tk,\
• iwjs vkSj Bhd irs ls D;k eryc gS\
• T
+
k:jr iM+us ij lans'k dks tYnh oSQls igq¡pk;k tk,\
• LFkku cnyus ls fpêòh osQ igq¡pus ij D;k vlj iM+rk gS\
buesa ls oqQN lokyksa osQ tokc 'kk;n rqEgkjs ikl gksaµ [kkldj rqeesa ls muosQ
ikl tks MkdfVdVsa bdêòk djus dk 'kkSd j[krs gksaA
bu lokyksa osQ tokcksa osQ fy, T
+
kjk uhps fn, x, fyI
+
kQkiQksa dks xkSj ls ns[kksA nksuksa irksa dks
nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA
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fpêòh dk lI
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52
Page 2


52
viuh nl&ckjg lky dh ¯T
+
knxh esa rqeus oqQN i=k rks fy[ks gh gksaxsA os i=k vius
lgh irs vkSj le; ij fdl rjg igq¡ps gksaxsµ ;g cgqr&lh ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk
gSA tSls fd] fpêòh fdl LFkku ls fdl LFkku ij Hksth tk jgh gS] lans'k igq¡pkus
dh fdruh tYnh gS] rqeus iwjk vkSj Bhd irk fy[kk gS fd ugha] rqeus ml ij
MkdfVdV yxk;k gS fd ugha] vkfnA vc iz'u ;g mBrs gSa fd
• vkf[kj fpêòh ij MkdfVdV yxk;k gh D;ksa tk,\
• iwjs vkSj Bhd irs ls D;k eryc gS\
• T
+
k:jr iM+us ij lans'k dks tYnh oSQls igq¡pk;k tk,\
• LFkku cnyus ls fpêòh osQ igq¡pus ij D;k vlj iM+rk gS\
buesa ls oqQN lokyksa osQ tokc 'kk;n rqEgkjs ikl gksaµ [kkldj rqeesa ls muosQ
ikl tks MkdfVdVsa bdêòk djus dk 'kkSd j[krs gksaA
bu lokyksa osQ tokcksa osQ fy, T
+
kjk uhps fn, x, fyI
+
kQkiQksa dks xkSj ls ns[kksA nksuksa irksa dks
nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA
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fpêòh dk lI
+
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6
fpêòh dk lI
+
kQj
52 53
;s nksuksa irs fdl rjg ls fHkUu gSa\ xka/hth dks Hksts x,
i=k esa irs dh txg ij fy[kk gS & ¶egkRek xka/h] tgk¡ gks ogk¡
o/kZA¸ tcfd fyI
+
kQkI
+
ksQ ij bekjr ;k laLFkku ls ysdj 'kgj rd
dk uke fy[kk g
q
vk gSA irs esa lcls NksVh HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ ls
'kq: djosQ cM+h dh vksj c<+s gaSA NksVh ls cM+h HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ
dk eryc ;g gqvk fd ?kj osQ uacj osQ ckn xyh&eksgYys dk
uke] fiQj xk¡o] dLcs] 'kgj osQ ftl fgLls esa gS mldk uke] fiQj xk¡o ;k 'kgj dk ukeA
'kgj osQ uke osQ ckn fy[ks vad dks fiudksM dgrs gSaA gj txg dks ,d fiudksM fn;k
x;k gSA ;g lkspus yk;d ckr gS fd vkf[kj fiudksM dh T
+
k:jr D;k gS\ gekjs ns'k esa
vusd ,sls dLcs@xk¡o@'kgj gSa ftuosQ uke ,d tSls gSaA irs osQ ckn fiu dksM fy[kus ls
xarO; LFkku dk irk yxkus esa Mkd Nk¡Vus okys deZpkfj;ksa dks enn feyrh gS vkSj i=k
tYnh ck¡Vs tk ldrs gSaA
fiudksM dh 'kq#vkr 15 vxLr 1972 dks Mkd rkj foHkkx us iksLVy uacj ;kstuk osQ uke
ls dhA T
+
kkfgj gS fd xka/hth dks feys bl i=k ij vkSj mUgsa feys fdlh Hkh i=k ij fiudksM
fiu 'kCn iksLVy baMsDl uacj (Postal Index Number) dk NksVk :i gSA fdlh Hkh txg
dk fiudksM 6 vadksa dk gksrk gSA gj vad dk ,d [kkl LFkkuh; vFkZ gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dks Hksts x, fyI
+
kQkI
+
ksQ ij fy[kk vad gSµ110016
blesa igys LFkku ij fn;k x;k vad ;g crkrk gS fd ;g fiudksM fnYyh] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy
izns'k] iatkc ;k tEew&d'ehj dk gSA vxys nks vad ;kuh 10 ;g r; djrs gSa fd ;g fnYyh
(jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k) osQ mi{ks=k fnYyh dk dksM gSA vxys rhu vad ;kuh 016 fnYyh mi{ks=k
osQ ,sls Mkd?kj dk dksM gS tgk¡ ls Mkd ck¡Vh tkrh gSA
• vc rqEgkjk LowQy tgk¡ ij gS ml bykosQ dk fiudksM irk djksA
• vius ?kj osQ bykosQ dk fiudksM uacj Hkh irk djksA
fiudksM dh tkudkjh Mkd?kj ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA Mkd?kjksa esa VsyhI
+
kQksu MkbjsDVjh dh
rjg fiudksM MkbjsDVjh Hkh feyrh gSA rqEgkjs bykosQ dk fiudksM rks rqEgkjs eksgYys esa yxs
ySVj ckWDl ij gh fy[kk gksxkA
• izeq[k txgksa@'kgjksa osQ fiudksM uacj rqEgsa dgk¡&dgk¡ fey ldrs gSa\
Page 3


52
viuh nl&ckjg lky dh ¯T
+
knxh esa rqeus oqQN i=k rks fy[ks gh gksaxsA os i=k vius
lgh irs vkSj le; ij fdl rjg igq¡ps gksaxsµ ;g cgqr&lh ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk
gSA tSls fd] fpêòh fdl LFkku ls fdl LFkku ij Hksth tk jgh gS] lans'k igq¡pkus
dh fdruh tYnh gS] rqeus iwjk vkSj Bhd irk fy[kk gS fd ugha] rqeus ml ij
MkdfVdV yxk;k gS fd ugha] vkfnA vc iz'u ;g mBrs gSa fd
• vkf[kj fpêòh ij MkdfVdV yxk;k gh D;ksa tk,\
• iwjs vkSj Bhd irs ls D;k eryc gS\
• T
+
k:jr iM+us ij lans'k dks tYnh oSQls igq¡pk;k tk,\
• LFkku cnyus ls fpêòh osQ igq¡pus ij D;k vlj iM+rk gS\
buesa ls oqQN lokyksa osQ tokc 'kk;n rqEgkjs ikl gksaµ [kkldj rqeesa ls muosQ
ikl tks MkdfVdVsa bdêòk djus dk 'kkSd j[krs gksaA
bu lokyksa osQ tokcksa osQ fy, T
+
kjk uhps fn, x, fyI
+
kQkiQksa dks xkSj ls ns[kksA nksuksa irksa dks
nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA
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fpêòh dk lI
+
kQj
6
fpêòh dk lI
+
kQj
52 53
;s nksuksa irs fdl rjg ls fHkUu gSa\ xka/hth dks Hksts x,
i=k esa irs dh txg ij fy[kk gS & ¶egkRek xka/h] tgk¡ gks ogk¡
o/kZA¸ tcfd fyI
+
kQkI
+
ksQ ij bekjr ;k laLFkku ls ysdj 'kgj rd
dk uke fy[kk g
q
vk gSA irs esa lcls NksVh HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ ls
'kq: djosQ cM+h dh vksj c<+s gaSA NksVh ls cM+h HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ
dk eryc ;g gqvk fd ?kj osQ uacj osQ ckn xyh&eksgYys dk
uke] fiQj xk¡o] dLcs] 'kgj osQ ftl fgLls esa gS mldk uke] fiQj xk¡o ;k 'kgj dk ukeA
'kgj osQ uke osQ ckn fy[ks vad dks fiudksM dgrs gSaA gj txg dks ,d fiudksM fn;k
x;k gSA ;g lkspus yk;d ckr gS fd vkf[kj fiudksM dh T
+
k:jr D;k gS\ gekjs ns'k esa
vusd ,sls dLcs@xk¡o@'kgj gSa ftuosQ uke ,d tSls gSaA irs osQ ckn fiu dksM fy[kus ls
xarO; LFkku dk irk yxkus esa Mkd Nk¡Vus okys deZpkfj;ksa dks enn feyrh gS vkSj i=k
tYnh ck¡Vs tk ldrs gSaA
fiudksM dh 'kq#vkr 15 vxLr 1972 dks Mkd rkj foHkkx us iksLVy uacj ;kstuk osQ uke
ls dhA T
+
kkfgj gS fd xka/hth dks feys bl i=k ij vkSj mUgsa feys fdlh Hkh i=k ij fiudksM
fiu 'kCn iksLVy baMsDl uacj (Postal Index Number) dk NksVk :i gSA fdlh Hkh txg
dk fiudksM 6 vadksa dk gksrk gSA gj vad dk ,d [kkl LFkkuh; vFkZ gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dks Hksts x, fyI
+
kQkI
+
ksQ ij fy[kk vad gSµ110016
blesa igys LFkku ij fn;k x;k vad ;g crkrk gS fd ;g fiudksM fnYyh] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy
izns'k] iatkc ;k tEew&d'ehj dk gSA vxys nks vad ;kuh 10 ;g r; djrs gSa fd ;g fnYyh
(jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k) osQ mi{ks=k fnYyh dk dksM gSA vxys rhu vad ;kuh 016 fnYyh mi{ks=k
osQ ,sls Mkd?kj dk dksM gS tgk¡ ls Mkd ck¡Vh tkrh gSA
• vc rqEgkjk LowQy tgk¡ ij gS ml bykosQ dk fiudksM irk djksA
• vius ?kj osQ bykosQ dk fiudksM uacj Hkh irk djksA
fiudksM dh tkudkjh Mkd?kj ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA Mkd?kjksa esa VsyhI
+
kQksu MkbjsDVjh dh
rjg fiudksM MkbjsDVjh Hkh feyrh gSA rqEgkjs bykosQ dk fiudksM rks rqEgkjs eksgYys esa yxs
ySVj ckWDl ij gh fy[kk gksxkA
• izeq[k txgksa@'kgjksa osQ fiudksM uacj rqEgsa dgk¡&dgk¡ fey ldrs gSa\
54
dk bLrseky ugha fd;k x;k FkkA I
+
kQoZQ flI
+
kZQ fiudksM dk gh ugha gSA le; osQ lkFk Mkd
lsokvksa esa fujarj cnyko vkSj fodkl gksrk jgk gSA
cg
q
r iqjkus le; esa dcwrjksa osQ }kjk lans'k Hksts tkrs FksA tc lans'kokgd dcwrjksa dh ckr
gks jgh gS rks mu balkuksa dh ckr oSQls u gks tks ,sls le; ls Mkd ig
q
¡pkus dk dke
djrs jgs] tc lapkj vkSj ifjogu osQ lk/u csgn lhfer Fks! ckr gks jgh gS mu gjdkjksa
dh tks iSny gh vke vkneh rd fp_h&i=kh ig
q
¡pkus  dk dke djrs jgsA jktk]
egkjktkvksa osQ ikl ?kqM+lokj gjdkjs g
q
vk djrs FksA gjdkjksa dks u flI
+
kZQ gj rjg dh
txgksa ij ig
q
¡puk gksrk Fkk] cfYd Mkd dh j{kk Hkh djuh gksrh FkhA MkowQ] yqVsjksa ;k
taxyh tkuojksas dh pisV esa vkus dk Mj ges'kk cuk jgrk FkkA vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; Mkd
lsok nqxZe o igkM+h bykdksa rd Mkd ig
q
¡pkus osQ fy, gjdkjksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
tEew&d'ehj osQ yík[k [kaM esa ine (T
+
kaLdkj) tSlh dbZ txg gSa tgk¡ gjdkjs Mkd
igq¡pkrs gSaA
vktdy rks lans'k Hkstus osQ u,&u, vkSj rsT
+
k
lkèku vklkuh ls miyCèk gks x, gSaA Mkd ck¡Vus
esa gokbZ tgkt
+
] ikuh osQ tgkt
+
 vkSj tkus dkSu&dkSu
ls lkèku bLrseky fd, tk jgs gSaA Mkd&foHkkx Hkh
i=k] euhvkMZj osQ lkFk&lkFk bZ&esy] cèkkbZ dkMZ
vkfn yksxksa rd ig
q
¡pk jgk gSA
dcwrjksa dh mM+ku ls ysdj gokbZ Mkd lsokvksa
rd dk lI
+
kQj fnypLi djus okyk gSA ;g
fVdV&laxzg dk 'kkSd dkiQh yksdfiz;
gSA èkhjs&èkhjs blesa fVdV&laxzg osQ vykok
Mkd ls tqM+h vkSj cg
q
r&lh phT
+
ksa 'kkfey
gks xbZ gSaA bldks Mkd dk foKku dguk
xyr ugha gksxkA D;k rqe tkurs gks bl
foKku dks D;k uke fn;k x;k gS\ irk
djks vkSj ;gk¡ fy[kks
??????????????????? ?????
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52
viuh nl&ckjg lky dh ¯T
+
knxh esa rqeus oqQN i=k rks fy[ks gh gksaxsA os i=k vius
lgh irs vkSj le; ij fdl rjg igq¡ps gksaxsµ ;g cgqr&lh ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk
gSA tSls fd] fpêòh fdl LFkku ls fdl LFkku ij Hksth tk jgh gS] lans'k igq¡pkus
dh fdruh tYnh gS] rqeus iwjk vkSj Bhd irk fy[kk gS fd ugha] rqeus ml ij
MkdfVdV yxk;k gS fd ugha] vkfnA vc iz'u ;g mBrs gSa fd
• vkf[kj fpêòh ij MkdfVdV yxk;k gh D;ksa tk,\
• iwjs vkSj Bhd irs ls D;k eryc gS\
• T
+
k:jr iM+us ij lans'k dks tYnh oSQls igq¡pk;k tk,\
• LFkku cnyus ls fpêòh osQ igq¡pus ij D;k vlj iM+rk gS\
buesa ls oqQN lokyksa osQ tokc 'kk;n rqEgkjs ikl gksaµ [kkldj rqeesa ls muosQ
ikl tks MkdfVdVsa bdêòk djus dk 'kkSd j[krs gksaA
bu lokyksa osQ tokcksa osQ fy, T
+
kjk uhps fn, x, fyI
+
kQkiQksa dks xkSj ls ns[kksA nksuksa irksa dks
nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA
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? ????????????????????????
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fpêòh dk lI
+
kQj
6
fpêòh dk lI
+
kQj
52 53
;s nksuksa irs fdl rjg ls fHkUu gSa\ xka/hth dks Hksts x,
i=k esa irs dh txg ij fy[kk gS & ¶egkRek xka/h] tgk¡ gks ogk¡
o/kZA¸ tcfd fyI
+
kQkI
+
ksQ ij bekjr ;k laLFkku ls ysdj 'kgj rd
dk uke fy[kk g
q
vk gSA irs esa lcls NksVh HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ ls
'kq: djosQ cM+h dh vksj c<+s gaSA NksVh ls cM+h HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ
dk eryc ;g gqvk fd ?kj osQ uacj osQ ckn xyh&eksgYys dk
uke] fiQj xk¡o] dLcs] 'kgj osQ ftl fgLls esa gS mldk uke] fiQj xk¡o ;k 'kgj dk ukeA
'kgj osQ uke osQ ckn fy[ks vad dks fiudksM dgrs gSaA gj txg dks ,d fiudksM fn;k
x;k gSA ;g lkspus yk;d ckr gS fd vkf[kj fiudksM dh T
+
k:jr D;k gS\ gekjs ns'k esa
vusd ,sls dLcs@xk¡o@'kgj gSa ftuosQ uke ,d tSls gSaA irs osQ ckn fiu dksM fy[kus ls
xarO; LFkku dk irk yxkus esa Mkd Nk¡Vus okys deZpkfj;ksa dks enn feyrh gS vkSj i=k
tYnh ck¡Vs tk ldrs gSaA
fiudksM dh 'kq#vkr 15 vxLr 1972 dks Mkd rkj foHkkx us iksLVy uacj ;kstuk osQ uke
ls dhA T
+
kkfgj gS fd xka/hth dks feys bl i=k ij vkSj mUgsa feys fdlh Hkh i=k ij fiudksM
fiu 'kCn iksLVy baMsDl uacj (Postal Index Number) dk NksVk :i gSA fdlh Hkh txg
dk fiudksM 6 vadksa dk gksrk gSA gj vad dk ,d [kkl LFkkuh; vFkZ gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dks Hksts x, fyI
+
kQkI
+
ksQ ij fy[kk vad gSµ110016
blesa igys LFkku ij fn;k x;k vad ;g crkrk gS fd ;g fiudksM fnYyh] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy
izns'k] iatkc ;k tEew&d'ehj dk gSA vxys nks vad ;kuh 10 ;g r; djrs gSa fd ;g fnYyh
(jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k) osQ mi{ks=k fnYyh dk dksM gSA vxys rhu vad ;kuh 016 fnYyh mi{ks=k
osQ ,sls Mkd?kj dk dksM gS tgk¡ ls Mkd ck¡Vh tkrh gSA
• vc rqEgkjk LowQy tgk¡ ij gS ml bykosQ dk fiudksM irk djksA
• vius ?kj osQ bykosQ dk fiudksM uacj Hkh irk djksA
fiudksM dh tkudkjh Mkd?kj ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA Mkd?kjksa esa VsyhI
+
kQksu MkbjsDVjh dh
rjg fiudksM MkbjsDVjh Hkh feyrh gSA rqEgkjs bykosQ dk fiudksM rks rqEgkjs eksgYys esa yxs
ySVj ckWDl ij gh fy[kk gksxkA
• izeq[k txgksa@'kgjksa osQ fiudksM uacj rqEgsa dgk¡&dgk¡ fey ldrs gSa\
54
dk bLrseky ugha fd;k x;k FkkA I
+
kQoZQ flI
+
kZQ fiudksM dk gh ugha gSA le; osQ lkFk Mkd
lsokvksa esa fujarj cnyko vkSj fodkl gksrk jgk gSA
cg
q
r iqjkus le; esa dcwrjksa osQ }kjk lans'k Hksts tkrs FksA tc lans'kokgd dcwrjksa dh ckr
gks jgh gS rks mu balkuksa dh ckr oSQls u gks tks ,sls le; ls Mkd ig
q
¡pkus dk dke
djrs jgs] tc lapkj vkSj ifjogu osQ lk/u csgn lhfer Fks! ckr gks jgh gS mu gjdkjksa
dh tks iSny gh vke vkneh rd fp_h&i=kh ig
q
¡pkus  dk dke djrs jgsA jktk]
egkjktkvksa osQ ikl ?kqM+lokj gjdkjs g
q
vk djrs FksA gjdkjksa dks u flI
+
kZQ gj rjg dh
txgksa ij ig
q
¡puk gksrk Fkk] cfYd Mkd dh j{kk Hkh djuh gksrh FkhA MkowQ] yqVsjksa ;k
taxyh tkuojksas dh pisV esa vkus dk Mj ges'kk cuk jgrk FkkA vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; Mkd
lsok nqxZe o igkM+h bykdksa rd Mkd ig
q
¡pkus osQ fy, gjdkjksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
tEew&d'ehj osQ yík[k [kaM esa ine (T
+
kaLdkj) tSlh dbZ txg gSa tgk¡ gjdkjs Mkd
igq¡pkrs gSaA
vktdy rks lans'k Hkstus osQ u,&u, vkSj rsT
+
k
lkèku vklkuh ls miyCèk gks x, gSaA Mkd ck¡Vus
esa gokbZ tgkt
+
] ikuh osQ tgkt
+
 vkSj tkus dkSu&dkSu
ls lkèku bLrseky fd, tk jgs gSaA Mkd&foHkkx Hkh
i=k] euhvkMZj osQ lkFk&lkFk bZ&esy] cèkkbZ dkMZ
vkfn yksxksa rd ig
q
¡pk jgk gSA
dcwrjksa dh mM+ku ls ysdj gokbZ Mkd lsokvksa
rd dk lI
+
kQj fnypLi djus okyk gSA ;g
fVdV&laxzg dk 'kkSd dkiQh yksdfiz;
gSA èkhjs&èkhjs blesa fVdV&laxzg osQ vykok
Mkd ls tqM+h vkSj cg
q
r&lh phT
+
ksa 'kkfey
gks xbZ gSaA bldks Mkd dk foKku dguk
xyr ugha gksxkA D;k rqe tkurs gks bl
foKku dks D;k uke fn;k x;k gS\ irk
djks vkSj ;gk¡ fy[kks
??????????????????? ?????
55
mM+hlk iqfyl [kkl rkSj ij gwej dcwrjksa dk
bLrseky jkT; osQ dbZ nqxZe bykdksa esa lans'k
ig
q
¡pkus osQ fy, dj jgh gSA dkuwu&O;oLFkk]
ladV vkSj vU; ekSdksa ij lans'k osQ fy, ;s
dcwrj cgqr gh mi;ksxh lkfcr gq,A dcwrjksa
dh lans'k lsok cgqr lLrh gS vkSj mu ij [kkl
[kpZ ugha vkrk gSA bu dcwrjksa dk thou
15&20 lky gksrk gS vkSj 8&10 lky rd os
cgqr vPNk dke djrs gSaA LoLFk dcwrj ,d
fnu esa ,d gT
+
kkj fdyksehVj rd dk lI
+
kQj dj
ldrk gSA ;fn dksbZ egRoiw.kZ lans'k igq¡pkuk
gks rks nks dcwrjksa dks Hkstk tkrk gS rkfd ck”k
osQ geys tSlh vugksuh fLFkfr esa Hkh nwljk
dcwrj lans'k ig¡qpk nsA
'kk;n ;g i<+dj rqe ,d ,sls dcwrj dh
dgkuh i<+uk pkgks tks nwljs fo'o ;q¼ esa
lans'k igq¡pkrk FkkA bl dcwrj dh dgkuh us'kuy
cqd VªLV ls v¡xszT
+
kh esa Nih ,d fdrkc esa nh
xbZ gSA fdrkc dk uke gS ^xzs&usd*] tks fd bl
fdrkc osQ ghjks dk Hkh uke gSA vxj rqe fganh
esa i<+uk pkgrs gks rks D;ksa u us'kuy cqd VªLV
dks i=k fy[kks fd os bl fdrkc dks ¯gnh esa
Hkh NkisaA ;g jgk mudk irk& us'kuy cqoQ
VªLV bafM;k] ,&5 xzhu ikoZQ] ubZ fnYyh&110016
lkspdj vk'p;Z gksrk gS fd dcwrj
tSlk i{kh lans'kokgd Hkh gks ldrk
gSA dcwrj dh dbZ iztkfr;k¡ gksrh gSa
vkSj ;s lHkh lans'k ykus ys tkus dk
dke ugha dj ldrhaA fxjgckT
+
k ;k
gwej og iztkfr gS ftls izf'kf{kr
djosQ Mkd lans'k Hkstus osQ dke esa
yk;k tkrk gSA vkf[kj dcwrj viuk
jkLrk <w¡<+ oSQls ysrk gS\ mu izoklh
if{k;ksa osQ ckjs esa lkspks vkSj irk djks
fd os oSQls lSdM+ksa ehy dk jkLrk
vkSj lgh txg r; dj ikrs gSaA
Page 5


52
viuh nl&ckjg lky dh ¯T
+
knxh esa rqeus oqQN i=k rks fy[ks gh gksaxsA os i=k vius
lgh irs vkSj le; ij fdl rjg igq¡ps gksaxsµ ;g cgqr&lh ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk
gSA tSls fd] fpêòh fdl LFkku ls fdl LFkku ij Hksth tk jgh gS] lans'k igq¡pkus
dh fdruh tYnh gS] rqeus iwjk vkSj Bhd irk fy[kk gS fd ugha] rqeus ml ij
MkdfVdV yxk;k gS fd ugha] vkfnA vc iz'u ;g mBrs gSa fd
• vkf[kj fpêòh ij MkdfVdV yxk;k gh D;ksa tk,\
• iwjs vkSj Bhd irs ls D;k eryc gS\
• T
+
k:jr iM+us ij lans'k dks tYnh oSQls igq¡pk;k tk,\
• LFkku cnyus ls fpêòh osQ igq¡pus ij D;k vlj iM+rk gS\
buesa ls oqQN lokyksa osQ tokc 'kk;n rqEgkjs ikl gksaµ [kkldj rqeesa ls muosQ
ikl tks MkdfVdVsa bdêòk djus dk 'kkSd j[krs gksaA
bu lokyksa osQ tokcksa osQ fy, T
+
kjk uhps fn, x, fyI
+
kQkiQksa dks xkSj ls ns[kksA nksuksa irksa dks
nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA
? ????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????
fpêòh dk lI
+
kQj
6
fpêòh dk lI
+
kQj
52 53
;s nksuksa irs fdl rjg ls fHkUu gSa\ xka/hth dks Hksts x,
i=k esa irs dh txg ij fy[kk gS & ¶egkRek xka/h] tgk¡ gks ogk¡
o/kZA¸ tcfd fyI
+
kQkI
+
ksQ ij bekjr ;k laLFkku ls ysdj 'kgj rd
dk uke fy[kk g
q
vk gSA irs esa lcls NksVh HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ ls
'kq: djosQ cM+h dh vksj c<+s gaSA NksVh ls cM+h HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ
dk eryc ;g gqvk fd ?kj osQ uacj osQ ckn xyh&eksgYys dk
uke] fiQj xk¡o] dLcs] 'kgj osQ ftl fgLls esa gS mldk uke] fiQj xk¡o ;k 'kgj dk ukeA
'kgj osQ uke osQ ckn fy[ks vad dks fiudksM dgrs gSaA gj txg dks ,d fiudksM fn;k
x;k gSA ;g lkspus yk;d ckr gS fd vkf[kj fiudksM dh T
+
k:jr D;k gS\ gekjs ns'k esa
vusd ,sls dLcs@xk¡o@'kgj gSa ftuosQ uke ,d tSls gSaA irs osQ ckn fiu dksM fy[kus ls
xarO; LFkku dk irk yxkus esa Mkd Nk¡Vus okys deZpkfj;ksa dks enn feyrh gS vkSj i=k
tYnh ck¡Vs tk ldrs gSaA
fiudksM dh 'kq#vkr 15 vxLr 1972 dks Mkd rkj foHkkx us iksLVy uacj ;kstuk osQ uke
ls dhA T
+
kkfgj gS fd xka/hth dks feys bl i=k ij vkSj mUgsa feys fdlh Hkh i=k ij fiudksM
fiu 'kCn iksLVy baMsDl uacj (Postal Index Number) dk NksVk :i gSA fdlh Hkh txg
dk fiudksM 6 vadksa dk gksrk gSA gj vad dk ,d [kkl LFkkuh; vFkZ gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dks Hksts x, fyI
+
kQkI
+
ksQ ij fy[kk vad gSµ110016
blesa igys LFkku ij fn;k x;k vad ;g crkrk gS fd ;g fiudksM fnYyh] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy
izns'k] iatkc ;k tEew&d'ehj dk gSA vxys nks vad ;kuh 10 ;g r; djrs gSa fd ;g fnYyh
(jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k) osQ mi{ks=k fnYyh dk dksM gSA vxys rhu vad ;kuh 016 fnYyh mi{ks=k
osQ ,sls Mkd?kj dk dksM gS tgk¡ ls Mkd ck¡Vh tkrh gSA
• vc rqEgkjk LowQy tgk¡ ij gS ml bykosQ dk fiudksM irk djksA
• vius ?kj osQ bykosQ dk fiudksM uacj Hkh irk djksA
fiudksM dh tkudkjh Mkd?kj ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA Mkd?kjksa esa VsyhI
+
kQksu MkbjsDVjh dh
rjg fiudksM MkbjsDVjh Hkh feyrh gSA rqEgkjs bykosQ dk fiudksM rks rqEgkjs eksgYys esa yxs
ySVj ckWDl ij gh fy[kk gksxkA
• izeq[k txgksa@'kgjksa osQ fiudksM uacj rqEgsa dgk¡&dgk¡ fey ldrs gSa\
54
dk bLrseky ugha fd;k x;k FkkA I
+
kQoZQ flI
+
kZQ fiudksM dk gh ugha gSA le; osQ lkFk Mkd
lsokvksa esa fujarj cnyko vkSj fodkl gksrk jgk gSA
cg
q
r iqjkus le; esa dcwrjksa osQ }kjk lans'k Hksts tkrs FksA tc lans'kokgd dcwrjksa dh ckr
gks jgh gS rks mu balkuksa dh ckr oSQls u gks tks ,sls le; ls Mkd ig
q
¡pkus dk dke
djrs jgs] tc lapkj vkSj ifjogu osQ lk/u csgn lhfer Fks! ckr gks jgh gS mu gjdkjksa
dh tks iSny gh vke vkneh rd fp_h&i=kh ig
q
¡pkus  dk dke djrs jgsA jktk]
egkjktkvksa osQ ikl ?kqM+lokj gjdkjs g
q
vk djrs FksA gjdkjksa dks u flI
+
kZQ gj rjg dh
txgksa ij ig
q
¡puk gksrk Fkk] cfYd Mkd dh j{kk Hkh djuh gksrh FkhA MkowQ] yqVsjksa ;k
taxyh tkuojksas dh pisV esa vkus dk Mj ges'kk cuk jgrk FkkA vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; Mkd
lsok nqxZe o igkM+h bykdksa rd Mkd ig
q
¡pkus osQ fy, gjdkjksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
tEew&d'ehj osQ yík[k [kaM esa ine (T
+
kaLdkj) tSlh dbZ txg gSa tgk¡ gjdkjs Mkd
igq¡pkrs gSaA
vktdy rks lans'k Hkstus osQ u,&u, vkSj rsT
+
k
lkèku vklkuh ls miyCèk gks x, gSaA Mkd ck¡Vus
esa gokbZ tgkt
+
] ikuh osQ tgkt
+
 vkSj tkus dkSu&dkSu
ls lkèku bLrseky fd, tk jgs gSaA Mkd&foHkkx Hkh
i=k] euhvkMZj osQ lkFk&lkFk bZ&esy] cèkkbZ dkMZ
vkfn yksxksa rd ig
q
¡pk jgk gSA
dcwrjksa dh mM+ku ls ysdj gokbZ Mkd lsokvksa
rd dk lI
+
kQj fnypLi djus okyk gSA ;g
fVdV&laxzg dk 'kkSd dkiQh yksdfiz;
gSA èkhjs&èkhjs blesa fVdV&laxzg osQ vykok
Mkd ls tqM+h vkSj cg
q
r&lh phT
+
ksa 'kkfey
gks xbZ gSaA bldks Mkd dk foKku dguk
xyr ugha gksxkA D;k rqe tkurs gks bl
foKku dks D;k uke fn;k x;k gS\ irk
djks vkSj ;gk¡ fy[kks
??????????????????? ?????
55
mM+hlk iqfyl [kkl rkSj ij gwej dcwrjksa dk
bLrseky jkT; osQ dbZ nqxZe bykdksa esa lans'k
ig
q
¡pkus osQ fy, dj jgh gSA dkuwu&O;oLFkk]
ladV vkSj vU; ekSdksa ij lans'k osQ fy, ;s
dcwrj cgqr gh mi;ksxh lkfcr gq,A dcwrjksa
dh lans'k lsok cgqr lLrh gS vkSj mu ij [kkl
[kpZ ugha vkrk gSA bu dcwrjksa dk thou
15&20 lky gksrk gS vkSj 8&10 lky rd os
cgqr vPNk dke djrs gSaA LoLFk dcwrj ,d
fnu esa ,d gT
+
kkj fdyksehVj rd dk lI
+
kQj dj
ldrk gSA ;fn dksbZ egRoiw.kZ lans'k igq¡pkuk
gks rks nks dcwrjksa dks Hkstk tkrk gS rkfd ck”k
osQ geys tSlh vugksuh fLFkfr esa Hkh nwljk
dcwrj lans'k ig¡qpk nsA
'kk;n ;g i<+dj rqe ,d ,sls dcwrj dh
dgkuh i<+uk pkgks tks nwljs fo'o ;q¼ esa
lans'k igq¡pkrk FkkA bl dcwrj dh dgkuh us'kuy
cqd VªLV ls v¡xszT
+
kh esa Nih ,d fdrkc esa nh
xbZ gSA fdrkc dk uke gS ^xzs&usd*] tks fd bl
fdrkc osQ ghjks dk Hkh uke gSA vxj rqe fganh
esa i<+uk pkgrs gks rks D;ksa u us'kuy cqd VªLV
dks i=k fy[kks fd os bl fdrkc dks ¯gnh esa
Hkh NkisaA ;g jgk mudk irk& us'kuy cqoQ
VªLV bafM;k] ,&5 xzhu ikoZQ] ubZ fnYyh&110016
lkspdj vk'p;Z gksrk gS fd dcwrj
tSlk i{kh lans'kokgd Hkh gks ldrk
gSA dcwrj dh dbZ iztkfr;k¡ gksrh gSa
vkSj ;s lHkh lans'k ykus ys tkus dk
dke ugha dj ldrhaA fxjgckT
+
k ;k
gwej og iztkfr gS ftls izf'kf{kr
djosQ Mkd lans'k Hkstus osQ dke esa
yk;k tkrk gSA vkf[kj dcwrj viuk
jkLrk <w¡<+ oSQls ysrk gS\ mu izoklh
if{k;ksa osQ ckjs esa lkspks vkSj irk djks
fd os oSQls lSdM+ksa ehy dk jkLrk
vkSj lgh txg r; dj ikrs gSaA
56
fpêòh&i=kh
1- xka/h th dks flI
+
kZQ muosQ uke vkSj ns'k osQ uke osQ lgkjs i=k oSQls ig
q
¡p x;k gksxk\
2- vxj ,d i=k esa irs osQ lkFk fdlh dk uke gks rks D;k i=k Bhd txg ij
ig
q
¡p tk,xk\
3- uke u gksus ls D;k leL;k,¡ vk ldrh gSa\
4- iSny gjdkjksa dks fdl&fdl rjg dh fnDdrksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gksxk\
5- vxj rqe fdlh dks fp_h fy[k jgs gks rks irs esa ;g tkudkjh fdl Øe essa fy[kksxs\
xyh@eksgYys dk uke] ?kj dk uacj] jkT; dk uke] [kaM dk uke] dLcs@'kgj@xk¡o dk uke]
tuin dk uke uhps nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
rqeus bl Øe esa gh D;ksa fy[kk\
6- vius ?kj ij dksbZ iqjkuk (;k u;k) i=k <w¡<+ksA mls ns[kdj uhps fy[ks iz'uksa dk tokc
fy[kksµ
(d) i=k fdlus fy[kk\
([k) fdls fy[kk\
(x) fdl rkjh[k dks fy[kk\
(?k) ;g i=k fdl Mkd[kkus esa rFkk fdl rkjh[k dks ig
q
¡pk\
(Ä) ;g mÙkj rqEgsa oSQls irk pyk\
7- fp_h Hkstus osQ fy, vkerkSj ij iksLVdkMZ] varnsZ'kh; i=k ;k fyi
+
Qki
+
Qk bLrseky fd;k
tkrk gSA Mkd?kj tkdj budk ewY; irk djosQ fy[kksµ
iksLVdkMZ 
--------------------------
varnsZ'kh; i=k 
--------------------------
fyi
+
Qki
+
Qk 
--------------------------
8- MkdfVdV bd_k djksA ,d #i;s ls ysdj nl #i;s rd osQ MkdfVdVksa dks Øe esa
yxkdj dkWih ij fpidkvksA bd_k fd, x, MkdfVdVksa ij vius lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk ppkZ
djksA