NCERT Textbook: चाँद से थोड़ी-सी गप्पें | Hindi (Vasant) Class 6 PDF Download

 Page 1


4. Pkk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa
(nl&X;kjg lky dh ,d yM+dh)
xksy gSa [kwc exj
vki frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa ”kjkA
vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k
rkjksa&tM+k_
flI
+
kZQ eq¡g [kksys gq, gSa viuk
xksjk&fpêk
xksy&eVksy]
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


4. Pkk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa
(nl&X;kjg lky dh ,d yM+dh)
xksy gSa [kwc exj
vki frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa ”kjkA
vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k
rkjksa&tM+k_
flI
+
kZQ eq¡g [kksys gq, gSa viuk
xksjk&fpêk
xksy&eVksy]
Rationalised 2023-24
24 oLkar
viuh iks'kkd dks iSQyk, gq, pkjksa flErA
vki oqQN frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa tkus oSQls
µ [kwc gSa xksfd!
Okkg th] okg!
gedks cq¼w gh fujk le>k gS!
ge le>rs gh ugha tSls fd
vkidks chekjh gS%
vki ?kVrs gSa rks ?kVrs gh pys tkrs gSa]
vkSj c<+rs gSa rks cl ;kuh fd
c<+rs gh pys tkrs gSaµ
ne ugha ysrs gSa tc rd fc y oqQ y gh
xksy u gks tk,¡]
fcyoqQy xksyA
;g ej”k vkidk vPNk gh ugha gksus esa---
vkrk gSA
q q q q q 'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg
iz'u&vH;kl
dfork ls
1- ^vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k* osQ ekè;e ls yM+dh dguk pkgrh gS fdµ
(d) pk¡n rkjksa ls tM+h gqbZ pknj vks<+dj cSBk gSA
([k) pk¡n dh iks'kkd pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa iSQyh gqbZ gSA
rqe fdls lgh ekurs gks\
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


4. Pkk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa
(nl&X;kjg lky dh ,d yM+dh)
xksy gSa [kwc exj
vki frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa ”kjkA
vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k
rkjksa&tM+k_
flI
+
kZQ eq¡g [kksys gq, gSa viuk
xksjk&fpêk
xksy&eVksy]
Rationalised 2023-24
24 oLkar
viuh iks'kkd dks iSQyk, gq, pkjksa flErA
vki oqQN frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa tkus oSQls
µ [kwc gSa xksfd!
Okkg th] okg!
gedks cq¼w gh fujk le>k gS!
ge le>rs gh ugha tSls fd
vkidks chekjh gS%
vki ?kVrs gSa rks ?kVrs gh pys tkrs gSa]
vkSj c<+rs gSa rks cl ;kuh fd
c<+rs gh pys tkrs gSaµ
ne ugha ysrs gSa tc rd fc y oqQ y gh
xksy u gks tk,¡]
fcyoqQy xksyA
;g ej”k vkidk vPNk gh ugha gksus esa---
vkrk gSA
q q q q q 'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg
iz'u&vH;kl
dfork ls
1- ^vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k* osQ ekè;e ls yM+dh dguk pkgrh gS fdµ
(d) pk¡n rkjksa ls tM+h gqbZ pknj vks<+dj cSBk gSA
([k) pk¡n dh iks'kkd pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa iSQyh gqbZ gSA
rqe fdls lgh ekurs gks\
Rationalised 2023-24
pk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa   25
2- dfo us pk¡n ls xIisa fdl fnu yxkbZ gksaxh\ bl dfork esa vkbZ ckrksa dh enn
ls vuqeku yxkvks vkSj mloQk dkj.k Hkh crkvksA
fnu dkj.k
iw£.kek
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
v"Veh ls iw£.kek osQ chp
-------------------------------------------------------------------
izFkek ls v"Veh osQ chp
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3- u;h dfork esa rqd ;k Nan osQ cnys ¯cc dk iz;ksx vfèkd gksrk gSA ¯cc og
rlohj gksrh gS tks 'kCnksa dks i<+rs le; gekjs eu esa mHkjrh gSA dbZ ckj oqQN
dfo 'kCnksa dh èofu dh enn ls ,slh rlohj cukrs gSa vkSj oqQN dfo v{kjksa
;k 'kCnksa dks bl rjg Nkius ij cy nsrs gSa fd muls dbZ fp=k gekjs eu esa cusaA
bl dfork osQ vafre fgLls esa pk¡n dks ,dne xksy crkus osQ fy, dfo us
fc y oqQ y 'kCn osQ v{kjksa dks vyx&vyx djosQ fy[kk gSA rqe bl dfork
osQ vkSj fdu 'kCnksa dks fp=k dh vkÑfr nsuk pkgksxs\ ,sls 'kCnksa dks vius <ax
ls fy[kdj fn[kkvksA
vuqeku vkSj dYiuk
1- oqQN yksx cM+h tYnh fp<+ tkrs gSaA ;fn pk¡n dk LoHkko Hkh vklkuh ls fp<+
tkus dk gks rks og fdu ckrksa ls lcls ”;knk fp<+sxk\ fp<+dj og mu ckrksa
dk D;k tokc nsxk\ viuh dYiuk ls pk¡n dh vksj ls fn, x, tokc fy[kksA
2- ;fn dksbZ lwjt ls xIisa yxk, rks og D;k fy[ksxk\ viuh dYiuk ls x| ;k
i| esa fy[kksA blh rjg dh oqQN vkSj xIisa fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d ;k
nks ls djosQ fy[kksµ
isM+ fctyh dk [kaHkk lM+d isVªksy iai
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- pk¡n laKk gSA pk¡nuh jkr esa pk¡nuh fo'ks"k.k gSA
uhps fn, x, fo'ks"k.kksa dks è;ku ls ns[kks vkSj crkvks fdµ
(d) dkSu&lk izR;; tqM+us ij fo'ks"k.k cu jgs gSaA
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


4. Pkk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa
(nl&X;kjg lky dh ,d yM+dh)
xksy gSa [kwc exj
vki frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa ”kjkA
vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k
rkjksa&tM+k_
flI
+
kZQ eq¡g [kksys gq, gSa viuk
xksjk&fpêk
xksy&eVksy]
Rationalised 2023-24
24 oLkar
viuh iks'kkd dks iSQyk, gq, pkjksa flErA
vki oqQN frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa tkus oSQls
µ [kwc gSa xksfd!
Okkg th] okg!
gedks cq¼w gh fujk le>k gS!
ge le>rs gh ugha tSls fd
vkidks chekjh gS%
vki ?kVrs gSa rks ?kVrs gh pys tkrs gSa]
vkSj c<+rs gSa rks cl ;kuh fd
c<+rs gh pys tkrs gSaµ
ne ugha ysrs gSa tc rd fc y oqQ y gh
xksy u gks tk,¡]
fcyoqQy xksyA
;g ej”k vkidk vPNk gh ugha gksus esa---
vkrk gSA
q q q q q 'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg
iz'u&vH;kl
dfork ls
1- ^vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k* osQ ekè;e ls yM+dh dguk pkgrh gS fdµ
(d) pk¡n rkjksa ls tM+h gqbZ pknj vks<+dj cSBk gSA
([k) pk¡n dh iks'kkd pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa iSQyh gqbZ gSA
rqe fdls lgh ekurs gks\
Rationalised 2023-24
pk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa   25
2- dfo us pk¡n ls xIisa fdl fnu yxkbZ gksaxh\ bl dfork esa vkbZ ckrksa dh enn
ls vuqeku yxkvks vkSj mloQk dkj.k Hkh crkvksA
fnu dkj.k
iw£.kek
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
v"Veh ls iw£.kek osQ chp
-------------------------------------------------------------------
izFkek ls v"Veh osQ chp
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3- u;h dfork esa rqd ;k Nan osQ cnys ¯cc dk iz;ksx vfèkd gksrk gSA ¯cc og
rlohj gksrh gS tks 'kCnksa dks i<+rs le; gekjs eu esa mHkjrh gSA dbZ ckj oqQN
dfo 'kCnksa dh èofu dh enn ls ,slh rlohj cukrs gSa vkSj oqQN dfo v{kjksa
;k 'kCnksa dks bl rjg Nkius ij cy nsrs gSa fd muls dbZ fp=k gekjs eu esa cusaA
bl dfork osQ vafre fgLls esa pk¡n dks ,dne xksy crkus osQ fy, dfo us
fc y oqQ y 'kCn osQ v{kjksa dks vyx&vyx djosQ fy[kk gSA rqe bl dfork
osQ vkSj fdu 'kCnksa dks fp=k dh vkÑfr nsuk pkgksxs\ ,sls 'kCnksa dks vius <ax
ls fy[kdj fn[kkvksA
vuqeku vkSj dYiuk
1- oqQN yksx cM+h tYnh fp<+ tkrs gSaA ;fn pk¡n dk LoHkko Hkh vklkuh ls fp<+
tkus dk gks rks og fdu ckrksa ls lcls ”;knk fp<+sxk\ fp<+dj og mu ckrksa
dk D;k tokc nsxk\ viuh dYiuk ls pk¡n dh vksj ls fn, x, tokc fy[kksA
2- ;fn dksbZ lwjt ls xIisa yxk, rks og D;k fy[ksxk\ viuh dYiuk ls x| ;k
i| esa fy[kksA blh rjg dh oqQN vkSj xIisa fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d ;k
nks ls djosQ fy[kksµ
isM+ fctyh dk [kaHkk lM+d isVªksy iai
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- pk¡n laKk gSA pk¡nuh jkr esa pk¡nuh fo'ks"k.k gSA
uhps fn, x, fo'ks"k.kksa dks è;ku ls ns[kks vkSj crkvks fdµ
(d) dkSu&lk izR;; tqM+us ij fo'ks"k.k cu jgs gSaA
Rationalised 2023-24
26 oLkar
([k) bu fo'ks"k.kksa osQ fy, ,d&,d mi;qDr laKk Hkh fy[kksµ
xqykch ixM+h e[keyh ?kkl OkQherh xgus
BaMh jkr taxyh iwQy d'ehjh Hkk"kk
2- l xksy&eVksy l xksjk&fp^k
dfork esa vk, 'kCnksa osQ bu tksM+ksa esa varj ;g gS fd fp^k dk vFkZ lI
+
ksQn gS
vkSj xksjk ls feyrk&tqyrk gS] tcfd eVksy vius&vki esa dksbZ 'kCn ugha gSA
;g 'kCn ^eksVk* ls cuk gSA
,sls pkj&pkj 'kCn ;qXe lkspdj fy[kks vkSj mudk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djksA
3- ^fcyoqQy xksy*µdfork esa blosQ nks vFkZ gSaµ
(d) xksy vkdkj dk
([k) Xkk;c gksuk!
,sls rhu vkSj 'kCn lkspdj] muls ,sls okD; cukvks ftuosQ nks&nks vFkZ fudyrs gkasA
4- rkfd] tcfd] pw¡fd] gkyk¡fdµdfork dh ftu iafDr;ksa esa ;s 'kCn vk, gSa] mUgsa
è;ku ls i<+ksA ;s 'kCn nks okD;ksa dks tksM+us dk dke djrs gSaA bu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx
djrs gq, nks&nks okD; cukvksA
5- xIi] xi&'ki] xIick”khµD;k bu 'kCnksa osQ vFkks± esa varj gS\ rqEgsa D;k yxrk gS\ fy[kksA
oqQN djus dks
n i`Foh osQ pkjksa vksj ifjHkze.k djrs gq, panzek Hkh i`Foh osQ lkFk&lkFk lw;Z dk
ifjHkze.k djrk gSA bUgha nksuksa ifjHkze.kksa ls o"kZ vkSj ekl dh x.kuk,¡ gksrh gSaA
lkekU;r% rhl fnuksa osQ eghus gksrs gSa ftUgsaa panzek dh okf"kZd xfr dks ckjg
eghuksa esa foHkkftr djosQ fu/kZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA rhl fnuksa esa ianzg&ianzg fnuksa
osQ nks i{k gksrs gSaA ftu ianzg fnuksa esa panzek c<+rs&c<+rs iw£.kek rd igq¡prk gS]
mls 'kqDyi{k vkSj ftu ianzg fnuksa esa panzek ?kVrs&?kVrs vekoL;k rd tkrk gS]
mls Ñ".ki{k dgrs gSA blh rjg ,d o"kZ osQ ckjg eghuksa esa Ng&Ng ekg osQ
nks v;u gksrs gSaA ftu Ng eghuksa esa ekSle dk rkieku c<+rk gS] mls mÙkjk;.k
vkSj ftu Ng eghuksa esa ekSle dk rkieku ?kVrk gS] mls nf{k.kk;u dgrs gSaA
laor~ osQ ckjg eghuksa osQ uke bl izdkj gSaµpS=k] oS'kk[k] T;s"B] vk"kk<+] Jko.k]
Hkknzin] vkf'ou] dkfrZd] ekxZ'kh"kZ] ikS"k] ek?k] iQkYxquA
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


4. Pkk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa
(nl&X;kjg lky dh ,d yM+dh)
xksy gSa [kwc exj
vki frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa ”kjkA
vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k
rkjksa&tM+k_
flI
+
kZQ eq¡g [kksys gq, gSa viuk
xksjk&fpêk
xksy&eVksy]
Rationalised 2023-24
24 oLkar
viuh iks'kkd dks iSQyk, gq, pkjksa flErA
vki oqQN frjNs u”kj vkrs gSa tkus oSQls
µ [kwc gSa xksfd!
Okkg th] okg!
gedks cq¼w gh fujk le>k gS!
ge le>rs gh ugha tSls fd
vkidks chekjh gS%
vki ?kVrs gSa rks ?kVrs gh pys tkrs gSa]
vkSj c<+rs gSa rks cl ;kuh fd
c<+rs gh pys tkrs gSaµ
ne ugha ysrs gSa tc rd fc y oqQ y gh
xksy u gks tk,¡]
fcyoqQy xksyA
;g ej”k vkidk vPNk gh ugha gksus esa---
vkrk gSA
q q q q q 'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg
iz'u&vH;kl
dfork ls
1- ^vki igus gq, gSa oqQy vkdk'k* osQ ekè;e ls yM+dh dguk pkgrh gS fdµ
(d) pk¡n rkjksa ls tM+h gqbZ pknj vks<+dj cSBk gSA
([k) pk¡n dh iks'kkd pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa iSQyh gqbZ gSA
rqe fdls lgh ekurs gks\
Rationalised 2023-24
pk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa   25
2- dfo us pk¡n ls xIisa fdl fnu yxkbZ gksaxh\ bl dfork esa vkbZ ckrksa dh enn
ls vuqeku yxkvks vkSj mloQk dkj.k Hkh crkvksA
fnu dkj.k
iw£.kek
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
v"Veh ls iw£.kek osQ chp
-------------------------------------------------------------------
izFkek ls v"Veh osQ chp
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3- u;h dfork esa rqd ;k Nan osQ cnys ¯cc dk iz;ksx vfèkd gksrk gSA ¯cc og
rlohj gksrh gS tks 'kCnksa dks i<+rs le; gekjs eu esa mHkjrh gSA dbZ ckj oqQN
dfo 'kCnksa dh èofu dh enn ls ,slh rlohj cukrs gSa vkSj oqQN dfo v{kjksa
;k 'kCnksa dks bl rjg Nkius ij cy nsrs gSa fd muls dbZ fp=k gekjs eu esa cusaA
bl dfork osQ vafre fgLls esa pk¡n dks ,dne xksy crkus osQ fy, dfo us
fc y oqQ y 'kCn osQ v{kjksa dks vyx&vyx djosQ fy[kk gSA rqe bl dfork
osQ vkSj fdu 'kCnksa dks fp=k dh vkÑfr nsuk pkgksxs\ ,sls 'kCnksa dks vius <ax
ls fy[kdj fn[kkvksA
vuqeku vkSj dYiuk
1- oqQN yksx cM+h tYnh fp<+ tkrs gSaA ;fn pk¡n dk LoHkko Hkh vklkuh ls fp<+
tkus dk gks rks og fdu ckrksa ls lcls ”;knk fp<+sxk\ fp<+dj og mu ckrksa
dk D;k tokc nsxk\ viuh dYiuk ls pk¡n dh vksj ls fn, x, tokc fy[kksA
2- ;fn dksbZ lwjt ls xIisa yxk, rks og D;k fy[ksxk\ viuh dYiuk ls x| ;k
i| esa fy[kksA blh rjg dh oqQN vkSj xIisa fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d ;k
nks ls djosQ fy[kksµ
isM+ fctyh dk [kaHkk lM+d isVªksy iai
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- pk¡n laKk gSA pk¡nuh jkr esa pk¡nuh fo'ks"k.k gSA
uhps fn, x, fo'ks"k.kksa dks è;ku ls ns[kks vkSj crkvks fdµ
(d) dkSu&lk izR;; tqM+us ij fo'ks"k.k cu jgs gSaA
Rationalised 2023-24
26 oLkar
([k) bu fo'ks"k.kksa osQ fy, ,d&,d mi;qDr laKk Hkh fy[kksµ
xqykch ixM+h e[keyh ?kkl OkQherh xgus
BaMh jkr taxyh iwQy d'ehjh Hkk"kk
2- l xksy&eVksy l xksjk&fp^k
dfork esa vk, 'kCnksa osQ bu tksM+ksa esa varj ;g gS fd fp^k dk vFkZ lI
+
ksQn gS
vkSj xksjk ls feyrk&tqyrk gS] tcfd eVksy vius&vki esa dksbZ 'kCn ugha gSA
;g 'kCn ^eksVk* ls cuk gSA
,sls pkj&pkj 'kCn ;qXe lkspdj fy[kks vkSj mudk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djksA
3- ^fcyoqQy xksy*µdfork esa blosQ nks vFkZ gSaµ
(d) xksy vkdkj dk
([k) Xkk;c gksuk!
,sls rhu vkSj 'kCn lkspdj] muls ,sls okD; cukvks ftuosQ nks&nks vFkZ fudyrs gkasA
4- rkfd] tcfd] pw¡fd] gkyk¡fdµdfork dh ftu iafDr;ksa esa ;s 'kCn vk, gSa] mUgsa
è;ku ls i<+ksA ;s 'kCn nks okD;ksa dks tksM+us dk dke djrs gSaA bu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx
djrs gq, nks&nks okD; cukvksA
5- xIi] xi&'ki] xIick”khµD;k bu 'kCnksa osQ vFkks± esa varj gS\ rqEgsa D;k yxrk gS\ fy[kksA
oqQN djus dks
n i`Foh osQ pkjksa vksj ifjHkze.k djrs gq, panzek Hkh i`Foh osQ lkFk&lkFk lw;Z dk
ifjHkze.k djrk gSA bUgha nksuksa ifjHkze.kksa ls o"kZ vkSj ekl dh x.kuk,¡ gksrh gSaA
lkekU;r% rhl fnuksa osQ eghus gksrs gSa ftUgsaa panzek dh okf"kZd xfr dks ckjg
eghuksa esa foHkkftr djosQ fu/kZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA rhl fnuksa esa ianzg&ianzg fnuksa
osQ nks i{k gksrs gSaA ftu ianzg fnuksa esa panzek c<+rs&c<+rs iw£.kek rd igq¡prk gS]
mls 'kqDyi{k vkSj ftu ianzg fnuksa esa panzek ?kVrs&?kVrs vekoL;k rd tkrk gS]
mls Ñ".ki{k dgrs gSA blh rjg ,d o"kZ osQ ckjg eghuksa esa Ng&Ng ekg osQ
nks v;u gksrs gSaA ftu Ng eghuksa esa ekSle dk rkieku c<+rk gS] mls mÙkjk;.k
vkSj ftu Ng eghuksa esa ekSle dk rkieku ?kVrk gS] mls nf{k.kk;u dgrs gSaA
laor~ osQ ckjg eghuksa osQ uke bl izdkj gSaµpS=k] oS'kk[k] T;s"B] vk"kk<+] Jko.k]
Hkknzin] vkf'ou] dkfrZd] ekxZ'kh"kZ] ikS"k] ek?k] iQkYxquA
Rationalised 2023-24
pk¡n ls FkksM+h&lh xIisa   27
l vaxzs”kh oSQysaMj dh okf"kZd x.kuk lw;Z osQ pkjksa vksj i`Foh osQ ifjHkze.k dh
vof/ osQ vuqlkj rhu lkS iSalB fnuksa dh gksrh gSA blosQ eghuksa dh x.kuk i`Foh
osQ pkjksa vksj panzek osQ ifjHkze.k ij vk/kfjr ugha gSA blesa o"kZ osQ rhu lkS
iSalB fnuksa dks gh ckjg eghuksa eas foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA bl oSQysaMj osQ lHkh
eghus rhl&rhl fnu osQ ugha gksrsA vizSy] uoacj] twu] flracjµbuosQ gSa fnu
rhlA iQjojh gS v_kbl fnu dh] ckdh lc bdÙkhlA
l uhps nks izdkj osQ oSQysaMj fn, x, gSaA bUgsa ns[kks vkSj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nksA
uoacj&fnlacj bZ-lu~ 2006
6 uoacj ls 4 fnlacj lu~ 2006
jfo lkse eaxy cqèk xq# 'kqØ 'kfu
6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 1 2
3 4
ekxZ'kh"kZ Ñ".ki{k&ekxZ'kh"kZ 'kqDyi{k laor~ 2063 2063 2063 2063 2063
6 6 6 6 6 uoacj ls 4 4 4 4 4 fnlacj lu~ 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006
jfo lkse eaxy cqèk xq# 'kqØ 'kfu
Ñ-izfrink Ñ-f}rh;k Ñ-r`rh;k Ñ-prqFkhZ Ñ-iapeh Ñ-"k"Bh
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6
Ñ-lIreh Ñ-v"Veh Ñ-uoeh Ñ-n'keh Ñ-,dkn'kh Ñ-}kn'kh Ñ-=k;ksn'kh
7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13
Ñ-prqnZ'kh vekoL;k 'kq-izfrink 'kq-f}rh;k 'kq-r`rh;k 'kq-prqFkhZ 'kq-iapeh
14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
'kq-"k"Bh 'kq-lIreh 'kq-v"Veh 'kq-uoeh 'kq-n'keh 'kq-,dkn'kh 'kq-}kn'kh
6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12
'kq-=k;ksn'kh 'kq-prqnZ'kh iwf.kZek
13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15
(d) mQij fn, x, oSQysaMjksa esa ls fdl oSQysaMj esa panzek osQ vuqlkj eghus
osQ fnu fn, x, gSa\
([k) fn, x, nksuksa oSQysaMjksa osQ varj Li"V djksA
(x) Ñ".k i{k vkSj 'kqDy i{k dk D;k vFkZ gksrk gS\
Rationalised 2023-24