NCERT Textbook: जो देखकर भी नही देखते | Hindi (Vasant) Class 6 PDF Download

 Page 1


tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 65
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs
dHkh&dHkh eSa vius fe=kksa dh ijh{kk ysrh gw¡] ;g ij[kus osQ fy, fd og D;k ns[krs
gSaA gky gh esa esjh ,d fiz; fe=k taxy dh lSj djus osQ ckn okil ykSVhaA eSaus muls
iwNk] ¶vkius D;k&D;k ns[kk\¸
¶oqQN [kkl rks ugha]¸ mudk tokc FkkA
eq>s cgqr vpjt ugha gqvk D;ksafd eSa vc bl
rjg osQ mÙkjksa dh vknh gks pqdh gw¡A esjk
fo'okl gS fd ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gksrh gSa]
os cgqr de ns[krs gSaA
D;k ;g laHko gS fd Hkyk dksbZ taxy esa
?kaVkHkj ?kwes vkSj fiQj Hkh dksbZ fo'ks"k ph”k
u ns[ks\ eq>sµftls oqQN Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha
nsrkµlSdM+ksa jkspd ph”ksa feyrh gSa] ftUgsa eSa
Nwdj igpku ysrh gw¡A eSa Hkkst&i=k osQ isM+ dh
fpduh Nky vkSj phM+ dh [kqjnjh Nky dks
Li'kZ ls igpku ysrh gw¡A olar osQ nkSjku eSa
Vgfu;ksa esa u;h dfy;k¡ [kkstrh gw¡A eq>s iwQyksa
dh ia[kqfM+;ksa dh e[keyh lrg Nwus vkSj
mudh ?kqekonkj cukoV eglwl djus esa vikj
9
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 65
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs
dHkh&dHkh eSa vius fe=kksa dh ijh{kk ysrh gw¡] ;g ij[kus osQ fy, fd og D;k ns[krs
gSaA gky gh esa esjh ,d fiz; fe=k taxy dh lSj djus osQ ckn okil ykSVhaA eSaus muls
iwNk] ¶vkius D;k&D;k ns[kk\¸
¶oqQN [kkl rks ugha]¸ mudk tokc FkkA
eq>s cgqr vpjt ugha gqvk D;ksafd eSa vc bl
rjg osQ mÙkjksa dh vknh gks pqdh gw¡A esjk
fo'okl gS fd ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gksrh gSa]
os cgqr de ns[krs gSaA
D;k ;g laHko gS fd Hkyk dksbZ taxy esa
?kaVkHkj ?kwes vkSj fiQj Hkh dksbZ fo'ks"k ph”k
u ns[ks\ eq>sµftls oqQN Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha
nsrkµlSdM+ksa jkspd ph”ksa feyrh gSa] ftUgsa eSa
Nwdj igpku ysrh gw¡A eSa Hkkst&i=k osQ isM+ dh
fpduh Nky vkSj phM+ dh [kqjnjh Nky dks
Li'kZ ls igpku ysrh gw¡A olar osQ nkSjku eSa
Vgfu;ksa esa u;h dfy;k¡ [kkstrh gw¡A eq>s iwQyksa
dh ia[kqfM+;ksa dh e[keyh lrg Nwus vkSj
mudh ?kqekonkj cukoV eglwl djus esa vikj
9
Rationalised 2023-24
66 oLkar
vkuan feyrk gSA bl nkSjku eq>s izÑfr osQ tknw dk oqQN vglkl gksrk gSA dHkh] tc
eSa [kq'kulhc gksrh gw¡] rks Vguh ij gkFk j[krs gh fdlh fpfM+;k osQ e/qj Loj dkuksa
esa xw¡tus yxrs gSaA viuh v¡xqfy;ksa osQ chp >jus osQ ikuh dks cgrs gq, eglwl dj eSa
vkuafnr gks mBrh gw¡A eq>s phM+ dh iSQyh ifÙk;k¡ ;k ?kkl dk eSnku fdlh Hkh eg¡xs
dkyhu ls vf/d fiz; gSA cnyrs gq, ekSle dk lek¡ esjs thou esa ,d u;k jax vkSj
[kqf'k;k¡ Hkj tkrk gSA
dHkh&dHkh esjk fny bu lc ph”kksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA vxj eq>s bu
ph”kksa dks flI
+
kZQ Nwus Hkj ls bruh [kq'kh feyrh gS] rks mudh lqanjrk ns[kdj rks esjk eu
eqX/ gh gks tk,xkA ijarq] ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSaA bl nqfu;k
osQ vyx&vyx lqanj jax mudh laosnuk dks ugha NwrsA euq"; viuh {kerkvksa dh dHkh
dnj ugha djrkA og ges'kk ml ph”k dh vkl yxk, jgrk gS tks mlosQ ikl ugha gSA
;g fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS fd n`f"V osQ vk'khokZn dks yksx ,d lkèkkj.k&lh ph”k
le>rs gSa] tcfd bl fu;ker ls ¯”knxh dks [kqf'k;ksa osQ banz/uq"kh jaxksa ls gjk&Hkjk
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
? gsysu osQyj
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 65
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs
dHkh&dHkh eSa vius fe=kksa dh ijh{kk ysrh gw¡] ;g ij[kus osQ fy, fd og D;k ns[krs
gSaA gky gh esa esjh ,d fiz; fe=k taxy dh lSj djus osQ ckn okil ykSVhaA eSaus muls
iwNk] ¶vkius D;k&D;k ns[kk\¸
¶oqQN [kkl rks ugha]¸ mudk tokc FkkA
eq>s cgqr vpjt ugha gqvk D;ksafd eSa vc bl
rjg osQ mÙkjksa dh vknh gks pqdh gw¡A esjk
fo'okl gS fd ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gksrh gSa]
os cgqr de ns[krs gSaA
D;k ;g laHko gS fd Hkyk dksbZ taxy esa
?kaVkHkj ?kwes vkSj fiQj Hkh dksbZ fo'ks"k ph”k
u ns[ks\ eq>sµftls oqQN Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha
nsrkµlSdM+ksa jkspd ph”ksa feyrh gSa] ftUgsa eSa
Nwdj igpku ysrh gw¡A eSa Hkkst&i=k osQ isM+ dh
fpduh Nky vkSj phM+ dh [kqjnjh Nky dks
Li'kZ ls igpku ysrh gw¡A olar osQ nkSjku eSa
Vgfu;ksa esa u;h dfy;k¡ [kkstrh gw¡A eq>s iwQyksa
dh ia[kqfM+;ksa dh e[keyh lrg Nwus vkSj
mudh ?kqekonkj cukoV eglwl djus esa vikj
9
Rationalised 2023-24
66 oLkar
vkuan feyrk gSA bl nkSjku eq>s izÑfr osQ tknw dk oqQN vglkl gksrk gSA dHkh] tc
eSa [kq'kulhc gksrh gw¡] rks Vguh ij gkFk j[krs gh fdlh fpfM+;k osQ e/qj Loj dkuksa
esa xw¡tus yxrs gSaA viuh v¡xqfy;ksa osQ chp >jus osQ ikuh dks cgrs gq, eglwl dj eSa
vkuafnr gks mBrh gw¡A eq>s phM+ dh iSQyh ifÙk;k¡ ;k ?kkl dk eSnku fdlh Hkh eg¡xs
dkyhu ls vf/d fiz; gSA cnyrs gq, ekSle dk lek¡ esjs thou esa ,d u;k jax vkSj
[kqf'k;k¡ Hkj tkrk gSA
dHkh&dHkh esjk fny bu lc ph”kksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA vxj eq>s bu
ph”kksa dks flI
+
kZQ Nwus Hkj ls bruh [kq'kh feyrh gS] rks mudh lqanjrk ns[kdj rks esjk eu
eqX/ gh gks tk,xkA ijarq] ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSaA bl nqfu;k
osQ vyx&vyx lqanj jax mudh laosnuk dks ugha NwrsA euq"; viuh {kerkvksa dh dHkh
dnj ugha djrkA og ges'kk ml ph”k dh vkl yxk, jgrk gS tks mlosQ ikl ugha gSA
;g fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS fd n`f"V osQ vk'khokZn dks yksx ,d lkèkkj.k&lh ph”k
le>rs gSa] tcfd bl fu;ker ls ¯”knxh dks [kqf'k;ksa osQ banz/uq"kh jaxksa ls gjk&Hkjk
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
? gsysu osQyj
Rationalised 2023-24
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 67
ysf[kdk osQ ckjs esa
gsysu osQyj (1880&1968] vesfjdk) ,d ,slk uke gS
tks ?kksj va/dkj osQ chp Hkh jks'kuh nsrk jgkA dYiuk
djks fd tks u lqu ldrk gks] u ns[k ldrk gks fiQj Hkh
og fy[kuk&i<+uk vkSj cksyuk lh[k ys] Hkjiwj vk'kk&vkdka{kk
osQ lkFk thou thus yxs vkSj mlosQ ;ksxnku nqfu;k osQ
fy, ;knxkj cu tk,¡! ,slh Fkha gsysu osQyjA tc os Ms<+
o"kZ dh Fkha] cpiu dh ,d xaHkhj chekjh dh otg ls
mudh ns[kus vkSj lquus dh 'kfDr tkrh jgh] ysfdu
mUgksaus gkj ugha ekuhA dkWyst osQ fnuksa esa gh izdkf'kr
viuh vkRedFkk ^LVksjh vkWI
+
kQ ykbI
+
kQ* esa os fy[krh
gSaµ¶eq>s ;s rks ;kn ugha fd ,slk oSQls gqvk] ysfdu ,slk yxrk Fkk fd jkr dHkh
[kRe D;ksa ugha gksrh vkSj lqcg D;ksa ugha vkrhA¸ nqfu;k dh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa bl
fdrkc osQ vuqokn gq, gSaA blosQ vykok Hkh mudh nl iqLrosaQ vkSj lSdM+ksa ys[k
izdkf'kr gq, gSaA mUgksaus nqfu;kHkj esa ?kwe&?kwedj vius tSls yksxksa osQ vfèkdkjksa vkSj
fo'o'kakfr osQ fy, dke fd;kA gsysu osQyj Hkkjr Hkh vkbZ FkhaA
iz'u&vH;kl
fucaèk ls
1- ^ftu yksxksa osQ ikl vk¡[ksa gSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSa*µ gsysu osQyj dks
,slk D;ksa yxrk Fkk\
2- ^izÑfr dk tknw* fdls dgk x;k gS\
3- ^oqQN [kkl rks ugha*µ gsysu dh fe=k us ;g tokc fdl ekSosQ ij fn;k vkSj
;g lqudj gsysu dks vk'p;Z D;ksa ugha gqvk\
4- gsysu osQyj izÑfr dh fdu ph”kksa dks Nwdj vkSj lqudj igpku ysrh Fkha\ ikB
osQ vk/kj ij bldk mÙkj fy[kksA
5- ^tcfd bl fu;ker ls ¯”knxh dks [kqf'k;ksa osQ bUæèkuq"kh jaxksa ls gjk&Hkjk fd;k
tk ldrk gSA*µ rqEgkjh u”kj esa bldk D;k vFkZ gks ldrk gS\
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 65
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs
dHkh&dHkh eSa vius fe=kksa dh ijh{kk ysrh gw¡] ;g ij[kus osQ fy, fd og D;k ns[krs
gSaA gky gh esa esjh ,d fiz; fe=k taxy dh lSj djus osQ ckn okil ykSVhaA eSaus muls
iwNk] ¶vkius D;k&D;k ns[kk\¸
¶oqQN [kkl rks ugha]¸ mudk tokc FkkA
eq>s cgqr vpjt ugha gqvk D;ksafd eSa vc bl
rjg osQ mÙkjksa dh vknh gks pqdh gw¡A esjk
fo'okl gS fd ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gksrh gSa]
os cgqr de ns[krs gSaA
D;k ;g laHko gS fd Hkyk dksbZ taxy esa
?kaVkHkj ?kwes vkSj fiQj Hkh dksbZ fo'ks"k ph”k
u ns[ks\ eq>sµftls oqQN Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha
nsrkµlSdM+ksa jkspd ph”ksa feyrh gSa] ftUgsa eSa
Nwdj igpku ysrh gw¡A eSa Hkkst&i=k osQ isM+ dh
fpduh Nky vkSj phM+ dh [kqjnjh Nky dks
Li'kZ ls igpku ysrh gw¡A olar osQ nkSjku eSa
Vgfu;ksa esa u;h dfy;k¡ [kkstrh gw¡A eq>s iwQyksa
dh ia[kqfM+;ksa dh e[keyh lrg Nwus vkSj
mudh ?kqekonkj cukoV eglwl djus esa vikj
9
Rationalised 2023-24
66 oLkar
vkuan feyrk gSA bl nkSjku eq>s izÑfr osQ tknw dk oqQN vglkl gksrk gSA dHkh] tc
eSa [kq'kulhc gksrh gw¡] rks Vguh ij gkFk j[krs gh fdlh fpfM+;k osQ e/qj Loj dkuksa
esa xw¡tus yxrs gSaA viuh v¡xqfy;ksa osQ chp >jus osQ ikuh dks cgrs gq, eglwl dj eSa
vkuafnr gks mBrh gw¡A eq>s phM+ dh iSQyh ifÙk;k¡ ;k ?kkl dk eSnku fdlh Hkh eg¡xs
dkyhu ls vf/d fiz; gSA cnyrs gq, ekSle dk lek¡ esjs thou esa ,d u;k jax vkSj
[kqf'k;k¡ Hkj tkrk gSA
dHkh&dHkh esjk fny bu lc ph”kksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA vxj eq>s bu
ph”kksa dks flI
+
kZQ Nwus Hkj ls bruh [kq'kh feyrh gS] rks mudh lqanjrk ns[kdj rks esjk eu
eqX/ gh gks tk,xkA ijarq] ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSaA bl nqfu;k
osQ vyx&vyx lqanj jax mudh laosnuk dks ugha NwrsA euq"; viuh {kerkvksa dh dHkh
dnj ugha djrkA og ges'kk ml ph”k dh vkl yxk, jgrk gS tks mlosQ ikl ugha gSA
;g fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS fd n`f"V osQ vk'khokZn dks yksx ,d lkèkkj.k&lh ph”k
le>rs gSa] tcfd bl fu;ker ls ¯”knxh dks [kqf'k;ksa osQ banz/uq"kh jaxksa ls gjk&Hkjk
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
? gsysu osQyj
Rationalised 2023-24
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 67
ysf[kdk osQ ckjs esa
gsysu osQyj (1880&1968] vesfjdk) ,d ,slk uke gS
tks ?kksj va/dkj osQ chp Hkh jks'kuh nsrk jgkA dYiuk
djks fd tks u lqu ldrk gks] u ns[k ldrk gks fiQj Hkh
og fy[kuk&i<+uk vkSj cksyuk lh[k ys] Hkjiwj vk'kk&vkdka{kk
osQ lkFk thou thus yxs vkSj mlosQ ;ksxnku nqfu;k osQ
fy, ;knxkj cu tk,¡! ,slh Fkha gsysu osQyjA tc os Ms<+
o"kZ dh Fkha] cpiu dh ,d xaHkhj chekjh dh otg ls
mudh ns[kus vkSj lquus dh 'kfDr tkrh jgh] ysfdu
mUgksaus gkj ugha ekuhA dkWyst osQ fnuksa esa gh izdkf'kr
viuh vkRedFkk ^LVksjh vkWI
+
kQ ykbI
+
kQ* esa os fy[krh
gSaµ¶eq>s ;s rks ;kn ugha fd ,slk oSQls gqvk] ysfdu ,slk yxrk Fkk fd jkr dHkh
[kRe D;ksa ugha gksrh vkSj lqcg D;ksa ugha vkrhA¸ nqfu;k dh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa bl
fdrkc osQ vuqokn gq, gSaA blosQ vykok Hkh mudh nl iqLrosaQ vkSj lSdM+ksa ys[k
izdkf'kr gq, gSaA mUgksaus nqfu;kHkj esa ?kwe&?kwedj vius tSls yksxksa osQ vfèkdkjksa vkSj
fo'o'kakfr osQ fy, dke fd;kA gsysu osQyj Hkkjr Hkh vkbZ FkhaA
iz'u&vH;kl
fucaèk ls
1- ^ftu yksxksa osQ ikl vk¡[ksa gSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSa*µ gsysu osQyj dks
,slk D;ksa yxrk Fkk\
2- ^izÑfr dk tknw* fdls dgk x;k gS\
3- ^oqQN [kkl rks ugha*µ gsysu dh fe=k us ;g tokc fdl ekSosQ ij fn;k vkSj
;g lqudj gsysu dks vk'p;Z D;ksa ugha gqvk\
4- gsysu osQyj izÑfr dh fdu ph”kksa dks Nwdj vkSj lqudj igpku ysrh Fkha\ ikB
osQ vk/kj ij bldk mÙkj fy[kksA
5- ^tcfd bl fu;ker ls ¯”knxh dks [kqf'k;ksa osQ bUæèkuq"kh jaxksa ls gjk&Hkjk fd;k
tk ldrk gSA*µ rqEgkjh u”kj esa bldk D;k vFkZ gks ldrk gS\
Rationalised 2023-24
68 oLkar
fucaèk ls vkxs
1- vkt rqeus vius ?kj ls vkrs gq, ckjhdh ls D;k&D;k ns[kk&lquk\ fe=kksa osQ lkFk
lkewfgd ppkZ djksA
2- dku ls u lqu ikus ij vkl&ikl dh nqfu;k oSQlh yxrh gksxh\ bl ij fVIi.kh
fy[kks vkSj d{kk esa i<+dj lqukvksA
3- rqEgsa fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls feyus dk ekSdk feys ftls fn[kkbZ u nsrk gks rks rqe
mlls lqudj] lw¡?kdj] p[kdj] Nwdj vuqHko dh tkusokyh ph”kksa osQ lalkj osQ
fo"k; esa D;k&D;k iz'u dj ldrs gks\ fy[kksA
4- ge viuh ik¡pksa bafæ;ksa esa ls vk¡[kksa dk bLrseky lcls ”;knk djrs gSaA ,slh
ph”kksa osQ vglklksa dh rkfydk cukvks tks rqe ckdh pkj bafæ;ksa ls eglwl
djrs gksµ
lqudj p[kdj lw¡?kdj Nwdj
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- ikB esa Li'kZ ls lacafèkr dbZ 'kCn vk, gSaA uhps ,sls oqQN vkSj 'kCn fn, x,
gSaA crkvks fd fdu ph”kksa dk Li'kZ ,slk gksrk gSµ
fpduk
----------------------------
fpifpik
----------------------------
eqyk;e
----------------------------
[kqjnjk
----------------------------
l[r
----------------------------
HkqjHkqjk
----------------------------
2- vxj eq>s bu ph”kksa dks Nwus Hkj ls bruh [kq'kh feyrh gS] rks mudh lqanjrk
ns[kdj rks esjk eu eqXèk gh gks tk,xkA
? Åij js[kkafdr laKk,¡ Øe'k% fdlh Hkko vkSj fdlh dh fo'ks"krk osQ ckjs esa crk
jgh gSaA ,slh laKk,¡ Hkkookpd dgykrh gSaA xq.k vkSj Hkko osQ vykok Hkkookpd
laKkvksa dk laca/ fdlh dh n'kk vkSj fdlh dk;Z ls Hkh gksrk gSA Hkkookpd laKk
dh igpku ;g gS fd blls tqM+s 'kCnksa dks ge flI
+
kZQ eglwl dj ldrs gSa] ns[k
;k Nw ugha ldrsA vkxs fy[kh Hkkookpd laKkvksa dks i<+ks vkSj le>ksA buesa ls
oqQN 'kCn laKk vkSj oqQN fØ;k ls cus gSaA mUgsa Hkh igpkudj fy[kksµ
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 65
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs
dHkh&dHkh eSa vius fe=kksa dh ijh{kk ysrh gw¡] ;g ij[kus osQ fy, fd og D;k ns[krs
gSaA gky gh esa esjh ,d fiz; fe=k taxy dh lSj djus osQ ckn okil ykSVhaA eSaus muls
iwNk] ¶vkius D;k&D;k ns[kk\¸
¶oqQN [kkl rks ugha]¸ mudk tokc FkkA
eq>s cgqr vpjt ugha gqvk D;ksafd eSa vc bl
rjg osQ mÙkjksa dh vknh gks pqdh gw¡A esjk
fo'okl gS fd ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gksrh gSa]
os cgqr de ns[krs gSaA
D;k ;g laHko gS fd Hkyk dksbZ taxy esa
?kaVkHkj ?kwes vkSj fiQj Hkh dksbZ fo'ks"k ph”k
u ns[ks\ eq>sµftls oqQN Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha
nsrkµlSdM+ksa jkspd ph”ksa feyrh gSa] ftUgsa eSa
Nwdj igpku ysrh gw¡A eSa Hkkst&i=k osQ isM+ dh
fpduh Nky vkSj phM+ dh [kqjnjh Nky dks
Li'kZ ls igpku ysrh gw¡A olar osQ nkSjku eSa
Vgfu;ksa esa u;h dfy;k¡ [kkstrh gw¡A eq>s iwQyksa
dh ia[kqfM+;ksa dh e[keyh lrg Nwus vkSj
mudh ?kqekonkj cukoV eglwl djus esa vikj
9
Rationalised 2023-24
66 oLkar
vkuan feyrk gSA bl nkSjku eq>s izÑfr osQ tknw dk oqQN vglkl gksrk gSA dHkh] tc
eSa [kq'kulhc gksrh gw¡] rks Vguh ij gkFk j[krs gh fdlh fpfM+;k osQ e/qj Loj dkuksa
esa xw¡tus yxrs gSaA viuh v¡xqfy;ksa osQ chp >jus osQ ikuh dks cgrs gq, eglwl dj eSa
vkuafnr gks mBrh gw¡A eq>s phM+ dh iSQyh ifÙk;k¡ ;k ?kkl dk eSnku fdlh Hkh eg¡xs
dkyhu ls vf/d fiz; gSA cnyrs gq, ekSle dk lek¡ esjs thou esa ,d u;k jax vkSj
[kqf'k;k¡ Hkj tkrk gSA
dHkh&dHkh esjk fny bu lc ph”kksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, epy mBrk gSA vxj eq>s bu
ph”kksa dks flI
+
kZQ Nwus Hkj ls bruh [kq'kh feyrh gS] rks mudh lqanjrk ns[kdj rks esjk eu
eqX/ gh gks tk,xkA ijarq] ftu yksxksa dh vk¡[ksa gSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSaA bl nqfu;k
osQ vyx&vyx lqanj jax mudh laosnuk dks ugha NwrsA euq"; viuh {kerkvksa dh dHkh
dnj ugha djrkA og ges'kk ml ph”k dh vkl yxk, jgrk gS tks mlosQ ikl ugha gSA
;g fdrus nq[k dh ckr gS fd n`f"V osQ vk'khokZn dks yksx ,d lkèkkj.k&lh ph”k
le>rs gSa] tcfd bl fu;ker ls ¯”knxh dks [kqf'k;ksa osQ banz/uq"kh jaxksa ls gjk&Hkjk
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
? gsysu osQyj
Rationalised 2023-24
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 67
ysf[kdk osQ ckjs esa
gsysu osQyj (1880&1968] vesfjdk) ,d ,slk uke gS
tks ?kksj va/dkj osQ chp Hkh jks'kuh nsrk jgkA dYiuk
djks fd tks u lqu ldrk gks] u ns[k ldrk gks fiQj Hkh
og fy[kuk&i<+uk vkSj cksyuk lh[k ys] Hkjiwj vk'kk&vkdka{kk
osQ lkFk thou thus yxs vkSj mlosQ ;ksxnku nqfu;k osQ
fy, ;knxkj cu tk,¡! ,slh Fkha gsysu osQyjA tc os Ms<+
o"kZ dh Fkha] cpiu dh ,d xaHkhj chekjh dh otg ls
mudh ns[kus vkSj lquus dh 'kfDr tkrh jgh] ysfdu
mUgksaus gkj ugha ekuhA dkWyst osQ fnuksa esa gh izdkf'kr
viuh vkRedFkk ^LVksjh vkWI
+
kQ ykbI
+
kQ* esa os fy[krh
gSaµ¶eq>s ;s rks ;kn ugha fd ,slk oSQls gqvk] ysfdu ,slk yxrk Fkk fd jkr dHkh
[kRe D;ksa ugha gksrh vkSj lqcg D;ksa ugha vkrhA¸ nqfu;k dh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa bl
fdrkc osQ vuqokn gq, gSaA blosQ vykok Hkh mudh nl iqLrosaQ vkSj lSdM+ksa ys[k
izdkf'kr gq, gSaA mUgksaus nqfu;kHkj esa ?kwe&?kwedj vius tSls yksxksa osQ vfèkdkjksa vkSj
fo'o'kakfr osQ fy, dke fd;kA gsysu osQyj Hkkjr Hkh vkbZ FkhaA
iz'u&vH;kl
fucaèk ls
1- ^ftu yksxksa osQ ikl vk¡[ksa gSa] os lpeqp cgqr de ns[krs gSa*µ gsysu osQyj dks
,slk D;ksa yxrk Fkk\
2- ^izÑfr dk tknw* fdls dgk x;k gS\
3- ^oqQN [kkl rks ugha*µ gsysu dh fe=k us ;g tokc fdl ekSosQ ij fn;k vkSj
;g lqudj gsysu dks vk'p;Z D;ksa ugha gqvk\
4- gsysu osQyj izÑfr dh fdu ph”kksa dks Nwdj vkSj lqudj igpku ysrh Fkha\ ikB
osQ vk/kj ij bldk mÙkj fy[kksA
5- ^tcfd bl fu;ker ls ¯”knxh dks [kqf'k;ksa osQ bUæèkuq"kh jaxksa ls gjk&Hkjk fd;k
tk ldrk gSA*µ rqEgkjh u”kj esa bldk D;k vFkZ gks ldrk gS\
Rationalised 2023-24
68 oLkar
fucaèk ls vkxs
1- vkt rqeus vius ?kj ls vkrs gq, ckjhdh ls D;k&D;k ns[kk&lquk\ fe=kksa osQ lkFk
lkewfgd ppkZ djksA
2- dku ls u lqu ikus ij vkl&ikl dh nqfu;k oSQlh yxrh gksxh\ bl ij fVIi.kh
fy[kks vkSj d{kk esa i<+dj lqukvksA
3- rqEgsa fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls feyus dk ekSdk feys ftls fn[kkbZ u nsrk gks rks rqe
mlls lqudj] lw¡?kdj] p[kdj] Nwdj vuqHko dh tkusokyh ph”kksa osQ lalkj osQ
fo"k; esa D;k&D;k iz'u dj ldrs gks\ fy[kksA
4- ge viuh ik¡pksa bafæ;ksa esa ls vk¡[kksa dk bLrseky lcls ”;knk djrs gSaA ,slh
ph”kksa osQ vglklksa dh rkfydk cukvks tks rqe ckdh pkj bafæ;ksa ls eglwl
djrs gksµ
lqudj p[kdj lw¡?kdj Nwdj
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- ikB esa Li'kZ ls lacafèkr dbZ 'kCn vk, gSaA uhps ,sls oqQN vkSj 'kCn fn, x,
gSaA crkvks fd fdu ph”kksa dk Li'kZ ,slk gksrk gSµ
fpduk
----------------------------
fpifpik
----------------------------
eqyk;e
----------------------------
[kqjnjk
----------------------------
l[r
----------------------------
HkqjHkqjk
----------------------------
2- vxj eq>s bu ph”kksa dks Nwus Hkj ls bruh [kq'kh feyrh gS] rks mudh lqanjrk
ns[kdj rks esjk eu eqXèk gh gks tk,xkA
? Åij js[kkafdr laKk,¡ Øe'k% fdlh Hkko vkSj fdlh dh fo'ks"krk osQ ckjs esa crk
jgh gSaA ,slh laKk,¡ Hkkookpd dgykrh gSaA xq.k vkSj Hkko osQ vykok Hkkookpd
laKkvksa dk laca/ fdlh dh n'kk vkSj fdlh dk;Z ls Hkh gksrk gSA Hkkookpd laKk
dh igpku ;g gS fd blls tqM+s 'kCnksa dks ge flI
+
kZQ eglwl dj ldrs gSa] ns[k
;k Nw ugha ldrsA vkxs fy[kh Hkkookpd laKkvksa dks i<+ks vkSj le>ksA buesa ls
oqQN 'kCn laKk vkSj oqQN fØ;k ls cus gSaA mUgsa Hkh igpkudj fy[kksµ
Rationalised 2023-24
tks ns[kdj Hkh ugha ns[krs 69
feBkl Hkw[k 'kkafr Hkksykiu
cq<+kik ?kcjkgV cgko iqqQrhZ
rk”kxh Øksèk e”knwjh vglkl
3- ? eSa vc bl rjg osQ mÙkjksa dh vknh gks pqdh gw¡A
? ml cxhps esa vke] veyrkl] lsey vkfn rjg&rjg osQ isM+ FksA
Åij fn, x, nksuksa okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr 'kCn ns[kus esa feyrs&tqyrs gSa] ij muosQ
vFkZ fHkUu gSaA uhps ,sls oqQN vkSj 'kCn fn, x, gSaA okD; cukdj mudk vFkZ
Li"V djksµ
vofèk & voèkh vksj & vkSj
eas & eSa fnu & nhu
esy & eSy fly & 'khy
vuqeku vkSj dYiuk
1- bl rlohj esa rqEgkjh
igyh u”kj dgk¡
tkrh gS\
Rationalised 2023-24