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FAQs on Irodov Solutions: The Second Law of Thermodynamics : Entropy (2.4) - Physics for Grade 12

1. What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Ans. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in any natural thermodynamic process, the total entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant. It implies that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body and that all energy transformations lead to an increase in the overall disorder or randomness of the system.
2. What is entropy in thermodynamics?
Ans. Entropy is a thermodynamic property that measures the degree of randomness or disorder in a system. It is often referred to as the measure of the unavailability of energy in a system. The entropy of a system increases as the system moves towards a state of greater randomness or disorder.
3. How is entropy related to the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Ans. The Second Law of Thermodynamics is directly related to entropy. It states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant. This means that in any natural thermodynamic process, the entropy of the system and its surroundings combined will either increase or stay the same. The increase in entropy represents the increase in disorder or randomness in the system.
4. Can entropy decrease in a thermodynamic process?
Ans. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the total entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant. Therefore, in a natural thermodynamic process, it is highly unlikely for entropy to decrease. However, it is possible to decrease the entropy of a system temporarily by adding energy or performing work on it, but this requires an external influence and is not a spontaneous process.
5. How is the concept of entropy applied in real-life situations?
Ans. The concept of entropy is applied in various real-life situations. For example, in energy conversion processes such as power plants, the efficiency of converting heat energy into useful work is limited by the increase in entropy. Entropy is also used in determining the direction and feasibility of chemical reactions, the behavior of heat engines, and the efficiency of refrigeration cycles. Understanding entropy is crucial in many fields of science and engineering, including thermodynamics, chemistry, and environmental sciences.
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