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FAQs on Irodov Solutions: Conductors and Dielectrics in an Electric Field (3.2) - Physics Class 12

1. What is the difference between conductors and dielectrics in an electric field?
Ans. Conductors and dielectrics are two types of materials that behave differently in an electric field. Conductors allow the flow of electric charges due to the presence of free electrons, while dielectrics do not conduct electricity easily as they lack free electrons. In an electric field, conductors redistribute charges on their surface, while dielectrics get polarized without any charge redistribution.
2. How does the presence of an electric field affect conductors and dielectrics?
Ans. In the presence of an electric field, conductors allow charges to redistribute on their surface in order to neutralize the field. This redistribution results in the accumulation of charges on the surface, creating an equipotential surface within the conductor. On the other hand, dielectrics get polarized in an electric field, aligning their electric dipoles with the field lines. This polarization leads to the formation of an induced electric field within the dielectric material.
3. Can dielectrics conduct electricity?
Ans. Dielectrics are generally considered insulators as they do not conduct electricity easily. However, under high electric fields or certain conditions, dielectrics can experience dielectric breakdown and conduct electricity. Dielectric breakdown occurs when the electric field strength exceeds the dielectric strength of the material, causing a sudden increase in conductivity.
4. How does the electric field inside a conductor differ from that inside a dielectric?
Ans. Inside a conductor, the electric field is zero, as charges redistribute on its surface to neutralize the field. This redistribution leads to the formation of an equipotential surface within the conductor. In contrast, inside a dielectric, the electric field is not zero but is influenced by the polarization of the dielectric material. The electric field lines pass through the dielectric, and the polarization of the material affects the strength and direction of the field.
5. What are some practical applications of conductors and dielectrics in an electric field?
Ans. Conductors find numerous applications in electrical circuits, where they provide pathways for the flow of electric current. They are used in power transmission lines, electrical wiring, and electronic components. Dielectrics are commonly used in capacitors, where they store and release electrical energy. They are also used in insulation materials to prevent the flow of electricity, as well as in electronic devices such as transistors and integrated circuits.
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