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FAQs on 5. Capacitor - Theory Sheet, Class 12 Physics

1. What is a capacitor and how does it work?

Ans. A capacitor is an electronic component that stores and releases electrical energy. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the plates, positive charges gather on one plate and negative charges on the other. This separation of charges creates an electric field between the plates, storing energy.

2. What is the formula to calculate the capacitance of a capacitor?

Ans. The formula to calculate the capacitance (C) of a capacitor is given by C = Q/V, where Q is the charge stored on the plates and V is the voltage across the plates. It is measured in farads (F).

3. How does the dielectric material affect the capacitance of a capacitor?

Ans. The dielectric material placed between the plates of a capacitor affects its capacitance. The capacitance increases with the relative permittivity (εr) of the dielectric material. The higher the permittivity, the greater the capacitance. Different dielectric materials have different permittivity values, which determine their ability to store electric charges.

4. What is the role of capacitors in electronic circuits?

Ans. Capacitors have various roles in electronic circuits. They are used to store electrical energy, filter out unwanted frequencies, stabilize voltage levels, and block direct current (DC) while allowing alternating current (AC) to pass through. Capacitors are commonly used in power supplies, timing circuits, audio systems, and electronic filters.

5. Can a capacitor store an unlimited amount of charge?

Ans. No, a capacitor cannot store an unlimited amount of charge. The maximum charge a capacitor can store is determined by its capacitance and the voltage applied across it. If the voltage exceeds the capacitor's breakdown voltage, it can lead to the dielectric material breaking down, resulting in damage to the capacitor. Therefore, it is important to use capacitors within their specified voltage limits to prevent failure.

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