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1. What is thermodynamics?
Ans. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of energy and its transformations. It focuses on the relationships between heat, work, and energy, and how they affect the behavior of systems.
2. What are the laws of thermodynamics?
Ans. The laws of thermodynamics are fundamental principles that govern the behavior of energy in physical systems. There are four laws: the zeroth law, the first law, the second law, and the third law. The zeroth law states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. The first law, also known as the law of energy conservation, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. The second law states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant. The third law states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
3. What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Ans. Heat and temperature are related but distinct concepts. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, while heat is the transfer of energy between two objects due to a temperature difference. Temperature is a scalar quantity and is measured in units such as Celsius or Kelvin, while heat is a form of energy and is measured in joules.
4. What is an isothermal process?
Ans. An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process in which the temperature of a system remains constant throughout. This means that the system is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings at all times during the process. In an isothermal process, any heat added to or removed from the system is perfectly balanced by an equal amount of work done by or on the system. This results in a constant internal energy and no change in temperature.
5. What is entropy?
Ans. Entropy is a thermodynamic property that measures the amount of disorder or randomness in a system. It is a measure of the number of ways in which the energy of a system can be distributed among its particles. Entropy is often associated with the concept of the arrow of time, as it tends to increase in isolated systems, leading to an increase in disorder over time. It is denoted by the symbol S and is typically measured in units of joules per kelvin (J/K).
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